This document discusses several impacts of climate change, including rising global temperatures, melting ice caps and glaciers, and rising sea levels. It notes that temperatures have increased 0.8 degrees Celsius since 1880, with most warming occurring since the 1970s. Melting ice is causing sea levels to rise, threatening coastal communities and habitats. Climate change is also negatively impacting agriculture, forests, ecosystems, water resources and human health through increased droughts, floods and disease. Key industries and societies face vulnerabilities from extreme weather events and limited ability to adapt to rapid climate change.

1. UNIT-3
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE
CHANGE

3. CAUSES:
CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE IN
THE ENVIRONMENT.
MELTING OF ICE POLE,SEA LEVEL
RISE

4. TEMPERATURE CHANGE:
 ACCORDING TO NASA ,The average
temprature of the has increased by
0.8(CELCIUS)since 1880.
 Two thirds of warming has occurred
during the 1975,at rate of roughly o.15-
0.20(celsius)
 AT the year of 2000 land temperature
changes 50% greater in united states
 Warming of oceans in the surface india
and the pacific oceans is the second
largest .

5.  Fossil fuel use also increased in the
post war era
(5% Per year).
 Green house effect is one of the
important effect due to
temperature change,instead of heat
escaping into the atmosphere,it
trapped inside the earth surface.

6.  Air temperature
changes as
altitude increases.
 The temperature
changes causes a
change the
environment.and
affects the
biodiversity

7. MELTING OF ICE POLE;SEA LEVEL RISE
 Ice melting is faster every
 Where.in asia 90% of hima
-layan glaciers are melting,
Threatening water and food
Security on the continent..
The melting of ice caps let
To rise in the sea level.
According to the national snow and ice data
center,the glaciers melt today the sea would
rise about 230 feet….

8.  The main reason for the melting of ice caps is
global warming..
 There are about 5773000 cubic miles of water in ice
caps and sea glaciers and permanent snow..
 Melting of icecaps let to affect the animals and
the human beings.
 It led to destroy of the habitat of the polar
bear.because they largely depend upon the ice
caps for the continuity of life.

10. CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACTS IN
AGRICULTURE:
 Greater loss expected in RABI.every 1 degree
celsius increase in temperature reduces the
wheat production by 4-5 million tons
 Increased droughts and floods are likely to
increase production variability.
 Cerreal productivity to decrease by 10-40%By
2100..
 Increasing temperature would increase fertilizer
requirement ,for same production targets

11. IN FORESTRY AND ECOSYSTEM
 Warming temperatures generally increase the
length of the growing season.
 It also shifts the geographic ranges of some tree
species.
 Habitats of some types of trees are likely to move
north or to higher altitudes.
 Other species will be at risk locally or regionally if
conditions in their current geographic ranges are no
longer suitable.[2]
 For example, species that currently exist only on
mountaintops in some regions may die out as the
climate warms since they cannot shift to a higher
altitude.

12.  Climate change will likely increase the risk of drought in
some areas and the risk of extreme precipitation and
flooding in others.
 Increased temperatures alter the timing of snowmelt,
affecting the seasonal availability of water.
 Although many trees are resilient to some degree of
drought, increases in temperature could make future
droughts more damaging than those experienced in the
past.
 In addition, drought increases wildfire risk, since dry
trees and shrubs provide fuel to fires .
 Drought also reduces trees' ability to produce sap, which
protects them from destructive insects such as pine
beetles.[5]

13. ECOSYSTEM
 Terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity: With a
warming of 3 °C, relative to 1990 levels, it is likely that
global terrestrial vegetation would become a net source
of carbon . With high confidence, it is concluded that a
global mean temperature increase of around 4 °C
(above the 1990-2000 level) by 2100 would lead to
major extinctions around the globe.
 Marine ecosystems and biodiversity: With very high
confidence, it is concluded that a warming of 2 °C above
1990 levels would result in mass mortality of coral reefs
globally.
 Freshwater ecosystems: Above about a 4 °C increase
in global mean temperature by 2100 (relative to 1990-
2000), it is concluded, with high confidence, that many
freshwater species would become extinct.

14. IMPACTS IN WATER RESOURCES:
 The water cycle is a delicate balance of
precipitation, evaporation, and all of the
steps in between.
 Warmer temperatures increase the rate
of evaporation of water into the
atmosphere, in effect increasing the
atmosphere's capacity to "hold" water.[1]
 Increased evaporation may dry out
some areas and fall as excess
precipitation on other areas.

15.  Water quality could suffer in areas
experiencing increases in rainfall. For
example,
 In the Northeast and Midwest increases in
heavy precipitation events could cause
problems for the water infrastructure, as
sewer systems and water treatment plants
are overwhelmed by the increased volumes
of water.[1

16. Freshwater resources along the
coasts face risks from sea level rise.
As the sea rises, saltwater moves into
freshwater areas.
This may force water managers to
seek other sources of fresh water, or
increase the need for desalination (or
removal of salt from the water) for
some coastal freshwater aquifers
used as drinking water supply.

17. Drought can cause coastal water
resources to become more saline as
freshwater supplies from rivers are
reduced.
Water infrastructure in coastal cities,
including sewer systems and wastewater
treatment facilities, faces risks from rising
sea levels and the damaging impacts of
storm surges.

18. IMPACT IN HUMAN HEALTH:
 Climate change ,together with other natural and
human made health stressors, influences
human health and disease in numerous ways..
 It leads to various impacts such as;
 Water related illness
 Air quality impacts
 Mental health
 Vectorborne diseases

20. IMPACTS ON INDUSTRY, SETTLEMENT
AND SOCIETY
 Climate change vulnerabilities of industry
,settlement and society are mainly related to
extreme weather events rather to a climate
change.
 Key vulnerabilities of industry are most often
related to
 Climate change phenomena that exceeds
thresholds for adaptation
 Rate and Magnitude of climate change,
particularly extreme weather change and abrupt
climate change

21.  Limited access to resources (financial, human
and institutional) to cope.