Elements and the Communication Process

4. Heavenly Father, we come to you
today in prayer, asking for your
guidance and wisdom as we begin our
class. Help us to stay focused and
attentive as we learn and grow
together. Give us the strength to stay
motivated and the courage to ask
questions when needed. We thank you
for the opportunity to learn and grow in
knowledge. May our minds be open to
new ideas and our hearts be filled with
understanding. In Jesus name, Amen.

6. OBJECTIVES
Define communication
Identify the elements in
communication
Explain the process of communication

9. C O M M U N I C A T I O N

10. 1.Whatis
communication?

11. 1.Whatis
communication?
Communication

14. 1.Whatis
communication?
Derived from the Latin
word “communicare” –
to share, exchange,
transmit, talk, gesture,
put in,use,relate.

15. 1.Whatis
communication?
“Communication is
conveying of
information from one
person to another."
Hudson

16. 1.Whatis
communication?
Communication is a
process of sharing and
conveying messages or
information from one
person to another within
and across channels,
contexts, media and
cultures (McCornack,
2014).

18. N O N V E R B A L

19. 2.Whatarethe
fourtypesof
communication?

22. V E R B A L

25. W R I T T E N

28. V I S U A L

29. Visual Communication is
everything that can be seen
and can be used to make
meaning or a message.

30. N O N V E R B A L

32. PASS THE
MESSAGE
GAME
 Group yourselves into 6 groups.
 Assign a leader to get the strip of paper inside the
box.
 Whisper the given paragraph to your classmate
in the front until it reaches the first person in the
line.
 Write the accurate sentences on the board.
 The group that will finish first in 2 minutes will
have 5 points in quiz.

33.  Did you enjoy the activity?
 Was the sentence accurately transmitted?
Why or why not?
 What help you accomplish the task well?
 What hindered you from doing it well?
 If you will repeat the process, how would
you improve it?

34. THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

35. SENDER
The person who conveys his thoughts,
message or ideas to the receiver is
known as the sender. He is at the
starting point of the communication
system and represents the source of
communication.
E.g., In a classroom, a teacher is a sender.

36. MESSAGE
The subject matter of
communication is termed as
messages. It includes ideas,
feelings, suggestions, order, etc.,
which a sender wants to convey to
the receiver.

37. ENCODING
The process of converting messages
into communication symbols, which
may be understood by the receiver.
It includes words, pictures, gestures,
symbols, etc. Encoding translates the
internal thought of the sender into a
language which can be
understandable

38. CHANNEL
OR
MEDIA
The path or medium through which
encoded message is transmitted to
the receiver is known as media. It is
the carrier of the message. It can be
in written form, face to face,
through telephone, letter, internet,
etc.

39. DECODING
The process of translating the
encoded message into an
effective language, which can be
understood by the receiver is
known as decoding. In this, the
encoded symbols of the sender
are converted

40. RECEIVER
The person who receives the
message of the sender is known
as the receiver.
E.g., Students are receivers in the
classroom.

41. BARRIER/NOISE
Any construction or hindrance which
hampers the communication process is
known as noise. The hindrance may be
caused to the sender, message or receiver.
It acts as a barrier to effective
communication and because of this
message is interpreted differently by the
receiver. Disturbance in the telephone line,
inattentive receiver, faulty decoding, poor
internet connection, improper gestures and
postures, etc., are some examples of noise.

42. CONTEXT
The environment where
communication takes
place.

43. FEEDBACK
In order to complete the process of
communication, feedback is essential. The
process of reversal of communication in
which the receiver expresses his reaction to
the sender of the message is known as
feedback. Feedback ensures that the
receiver has received and understood the
message.

44. ASSESSMENT
Watch the video presentation with the title "A Failure to
Communicate". Identify the elements in the process of
communication. Explain how each element affect the
communication process.
1.Sender-________________
2.Message-______________
3.Encoding-______________
4.Channel- _______________
5.Reciever-_______________
6.Decoding-______________
7.Feedback-______________
8. Context-_______________
9. Noise-_________________

45. WATCHTHE
VIDEO

47. ASSESSMENT
Watch the video presentation with the title "A Failure to
Communicate". Identify the elements in the process of
communication. Explain how each element affect the
communication process.
1.Sender-________________
2.Message-______________
3.Encoding-______________
4.Channel- _______________
5.Reciever-_______________
6.Decoding-______________
7.Feedback-______________
8. Context-_______________
9. Noise-_________________

48. Here's the dialogue
A failure to communicate.
"Audio description: A short woman of Middle Eastern descent wearing a niqab that leaves only her eyes exposed stares confused at a subway map high above her on the
wall of a subway station.
Audio description: The Middle Eastern woman walks over to a taller white woman purchasing a ticket at a kiosk. The white woman has her back turned and ignores the
other woman's greeting.
Excuse me. Hello? Hey!
Audio description: The woman in the niqab grabs the white woman by the hair and forcibly turns her around.
I'm a human being! If you don't want to help, at least say so!
Audio description: The white woman appears confused. She pulls an electronic device like a cell phone from her purse and types on it. The device reads her words out loud.
(Machine) Hello, I am deaf. I may have trouble comprehending you. Thank you for your consideration.
(Girl) Hmm?
(Machine) Usually, I'd read your lips to understand you.
(Girl) Oh! Oh!
(Machine) If you'd like, you could let this convert your speech to text for me.
(Girl) Okay!
Audio description: The deaf woman holds the device out toward the Middle Eastern woman who starts to speak into it, but a subway train arrives and stops, drowning out
her talking.
Could you tell me how to get to …
(Train running) Want to try again?
(Announcer) Attention, passengers. All is well. Thank you.
Audio description: The deaf woman shows the other woman that the device transcribed the announcer's words. It then flashes a low power message.
(Machine) Low power. Shutting down.
Audio description: The Middle Eastern woman guides the deaf woman to the map and begins pointing to the many routes. She jumps, trying to reach the destination she
wants. The deaf woman shrugs her arms, confused.
Audio description: The Middle Eastern woman points toward her mouth and pantomimes a smile with her fingers. The deaf woman smiles and points to her mouth. The
Middle Eastern woman nods in affirmation. She then draws a letter V in the air with her hands. The deaf woman repeats, understanding, then points to the destination
Happy Valley on the map. The Middle Eastern woman nods and gives her a thumbs up sign.
Audio description: The deaf woman shows the other woman her ticket that shows the destination Happy Valley on rail line 4. She then pantomimes to the Middle Eastern
woman that it is her destination as well and indicates that she should follow her to the parked train.
Oh, yay!
Audio description: The Middle Eastern woman shakes the deaf woman's hand. As she does, the train leaves without them.
Audio description: The two women sit together on a bench. The Middle Eastern woman appears timid and embarrassed, while the deaf woman appears frustrated,
anxiously tapping her foot.
(Announcer) Attention, passengers. Line four is delayed for one hour. Thank you."

50. 3.Give threeways
onhowyoucan
apply
communication as
astudent?

51. 1.
It is the exchange of thoughts ,
messages, or information through
speech, signals, written words or
behavior.
a. Message
b. Language
c. Communication
d. Feedback

52. 2.
These are considered forms
of communication EXCEPT
a. Eating dinner
b. Talking clearly
c. Looking bored
d. Sending

53. 3.
This body language shows that
one is listening
a. Looking out of the window
b. Staring blankly at the
speaker
c. Nodding and making eye
contact
d. Nodding with eyes looking
at a distance

54. 4.
It is shown when there is
understanding in the communication
EXCEPT
a. Each party has different
languages
b. Each party is able to provide a
feedback
c. Each gets the chance to be the
sender and receiver
d. Each party is able to say what
they want without the other
person interrupting

55. 4.
It is shown when there is understanding in
the communication EXCEPT
a. Each party has different languages
b. Each party is able to provide a feedback
c. Each gets the change to be the sender
and receiver
d. Each party is able to say what they
want without the other person
interrupting

56. 5.
It is the content of the
communication situation.
a. Noise
b. Feedback
c. Media
d. message

57. 6.
This communication type is
characterized by a certain look
or gaze.
a. Oral communication
b. Verbal communication
c. Written communication
d. Non-verbal communication

58. 7.
It is the definition of communication
EXCEPT
a. Communication involves a
transaction.
b. Communication is done only
through speaking with others.
c. Communication is sharing of ideas
among a group of people.
d. Communication is a transfer of
message from one person to
another.

59. 8.
The best way to continue
communication is
a. Active listening
b. Not interrupting
c. Asking questions
d. Making a good eye
contact

60. 9.
It is an indication that
communication really takes place
a. When the message enters the
channel
b. When the receiver decodes the
message
c. When the sender transmits the
message
d. When the message is encoded
by the receiver

61. 9.
It is an indication that
communication really takes place
a. When the message enters the
channel
b. When the receiver decodes the
message
c. When the sender transmits the
message
d. When the message is encoded
by the receiver

62. 10.
This is essential to an
effective communication.
a. A one-way process
b. A two-way process
c. A three-way process
d. Both a one-way and a
two-way process

63. ANSWERKEY
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. B
10.B

64. REFLECT
How can you apply
communication as a
HUMSS/ABM
student?

66. Heavenly Father, we come to you
today in prayer, asking for your
guidance and wisdom as we begin our
class. Help us to stay focused and
attentive as we learn and grow
together. Give us the strength to stay
motivated and the courage to ask
questions when needed. We thank you
for the opportunity to learn and grow in
knowledge. May our minds be open to
new ideas and our hearts be filled with
understanding. In Jesus name, Amen.

68. OBJECTIVES
Differentiate the various models of
communication
Appreciate the importance of the of
the models in daily life

71. R L I E N A

72. L I N E A R

73. A C T N A O S R A N T

74. T R A N S A C T I ON

75. A C T V I E N T E R I

76. I N T E R A C T I V E

77. o d e m l

78. m o d e l

79. MODEL
is a pictorial presentation to show the structure
of communication process in which various
component elements are linked. Models are
based on the assumptions that theorists make
as to how communication functions and what
effect it has upon individual and society.

80. 4.Whatarethe
threemodelsof
communication?

81. 1.LINEAR
MODEL
KEY FEATURES
One-way activity or
communication
Sender sends the message
Receiver receives the message
Noise
No feedback

82. ADVANTAGES
Good at audience persuasion
Intentional results
Used in mass communication

83. DISADVANTAGES
No feedback
Not interactive
Difficult to identify if
communication was effective

84. Example
SHANNON-
WEAVER MODEL

85. 1.SHANNON-
WEAVER
MODEL
Known as the mother of all communication
models
Depicts communication as a linear or one-way
process
Specially designed to develop the effective
communication between sender and receiver.
Also they find factors which affecting the
communication process called “Noise”.

86. 1.SHANNON-
WEAVER
MODEL
It has been criticized for
missing one essential element in
the communication process:
feedback. The speaker will not
know whether the receiver
understands the message or not.

87. What are examples of linear
communication?
Newspapers
(headlines, advertisements)
Print materials
(books, articles, pamphlets)
Radio content
(music, contests)
Television
(talk shows, pageants, drama)

88. EXAMPLES

90. INTERACTIVE
MODEL
KEY FEATURES
Two-way communication
process (give and take)
Used for media like the internet
There is feedback
Interactive but not
simultaneous

92. ADVANTAGES
There is feedback
New communication channels

93. DISADVANTAGES
Feedback is delayed
The sender and receiver might
not know who the other person is

94. Example
Schramm model
ofcommunication

96. 2.SCHRAMM
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
 The Shannon-Weaver model was criticized because it
assumed that communication always occurred linearly.
Wilbur Schram (1954) felt that it was important to notice
the impact of messages.22 Schramm’s model regards
communication as a process between an encoder and a
decoder. Most importantly, this model accounts for how
people interpret the message. Schramm argued that a
person’s background, experience, and knowledge are
factors that impact interpretation. Besides, Schramm
believed that the messages are transmitted through a
medium. Also, the decoder will be able to send feedback
about the message to indicate that the message has been
received. He argued that communication is incomplete
unless there is feedback from the receiver. According to
Schramm’s model, encoding and decoding are vital to
effective communication. Any communication where
decoding does not occur or feedback does not happen is not
effective or complete.

97. What are examples of
interactive communication?
Instant messaging
Telephone conversation
Interview
Q and A (you can ask questions but
wait for reply) livestreaming

98. 3.
TRANSACTIONAL
MODEL
Sender and receiver are both
communicators-they are equal
Communication is simultaneous
Non-verbal gesture is part of
feedback

100. 3.
TRANSACTIONAL
MODEL
The Transactional Model is a two-way, interactive model used
in communication to portray communication that occurs
simultaneously in both directions. In the transactional
paradigm, each party is both a sender and a receiver. Even if
you use a technology like Skype to conduct
the meeting remotely, it must be done in real time with both
parties present.

101. What are examples of
transactional communication?
Meetings
(many people are talking at the same)
Classroom Discussions
(pair or group activities)
Everyday Conversations
(gossiping, chats)

103. GUIDED
PRACTICE

104. ACTIVITY1
LINEAR
MODEL
INTERACTIVE
MODEL
TRANSACTIONAL
MODEL

105. ACTIVITY1
LINEAR
MODEL
INTERACTIVE
MODEL
TRANSACTIONAL
MODEL
ONE-WAY
PROCESS
TWO-WAY
PROCESS
CIRCULA
R
PROCESS
IMPORTANCE OF
DECODING
BARRIE
R/NOIS
E
FEEDBAC
K
SENDER
RECEIVE
R
MESSAG
E
CHANNE
L

107. 1.
Which of the following is an example of a
one-way communication model?
a.Philippine President delivering his
SONA
b.A group of teenagers planning for an
event
c. The committee finding ways to reach out
to the less fortunate of the barangay
d.A and C

108. 2.
You ask your sister to put on her mask
every time she goes out and nods in reply.
Which model of communication is
presented?
a. Linear
b. Interactive
c. Transactional

109. 3.
Which communication model focuses on the
message sent to the recipient?
a. Linear
b. Interactive
c. Transactional

110. 4.
A strong wind struck as Arnold and his
father took turns in pulling the fishing
boat to the shore. Arnold cannot hear his
father's voice. Which affects the flow of the
communication process?
a. Boat
b. Wind
c. Father
d. Arnold’s voice

111. 5.
What happens when the message is Not
clearly conveyed?
a. The communication continues.
b. The situation will never change.
c. The communicators end the
communication process.
d. The recipient may get the wrong
information.

112. ANSWERKEY
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. D

113. ACTIVITY2
Determine the various
communication models described
in each item below.

114. 1
A group of students talk about
their group activity.
a.Transactional
b.Linear
c.Interactive
d.Both A and B

115. 7
You have a pair activity. You
keep on texting your partner
but you never received any
response.
a.Transactional
b.Linear
c.Interactive
d.Both A and B

116. 8
Senate hearing on the School
Opening and Preparedness of
Basic Education Institutions for
SY 2023-2024.
a. Transactional
b.Linear
c.Interactive
d.Both A and B

117. 9
A client seeking an advice
from a psychiatrist.
a. Transactional
b.Linear
c.Interactive
d.Both A and B

118. 10
A simple conversation on the
phone.
a. Transactional
b.Linear
c.Interactive
d.Both A and B

119. GROUP
PRESENTATION
Choose one model of
communication. Then,
create a comic strip applying
it in your daily
communication. Present it
on Thursday.

120. RUBRIC
 MODEL OF COMMUNICATION:
 SCENARIO:
 COMIC STRIP