Effects of the Climate Change on melting of Himalayan Glaciers in Pakistan, India, China, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand and countries of Mekong sub region, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.

1. CLIMATE CHANGE:
MELTING OF HIMALAYAN GLACIERS,
CAUSES,FACTORS AND STRATEGIES
By
M. Hussain CIIT/FA16 RES-010/VHR
Haris Ahmad
MS. Environmental Science 2018
COMSATS University Islamabad

2. Introduction
• More than 5000 glaciers.
• Himalayan glaciers could lose between a third
and half of their mass by 2100.
• Average surface temperature increase of 1.8
degrees Celsius from 2006, will result in glacial
shrinkage of up to 45 per cent by 2100; with
an increase of 3.7 degrees, the reduction
would be closer to 68 per cent.

3. Introduction
• The countries that depend most on water are
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand and the countries of
the Mekong sub-region, Cambodia, Laos and
Vietnam.

4. Causes of Glaciers Melting
• China and India are two Biggest contributors
of fossil fuels.
• Rising Temperatures- atmospheric CO2
concentrations
• Green house emissions
• Atmospheric Brown Clouds- Aerosols, Black
carbon soot

5. Variation in Global Temperature

6. Effects of Glacier Melting
• Firstly increase the volume of water in rivers.
• Secondly, Drought in the region.
• Effects on humans and livelihoods
• Flash floods-pushing rivers over their banks,
inundating villages, washing away bridges and
roads, destroying crops, and killing livestock.

7. Effects of Glacier Melting
• Water stress impacts food security
• Temperature and Precipitation
• Landslides, debris flows, and flash floods are
projected to increase in frequency in the
uplands
• Rising Sea Level. i.e Karachi

8. Strategies
• Strengthen glacial research and trans-national
collaboration with emphasis on mass
calculation, monitoring and particularly the
effects of glacial recession on water resources,
biodiversity and availability downstream.
• Improve modeling on precipitation patterns
and effects on water availability in particular
in mountain regions of Himalayas.

9. Strategies
• Prioritize support to and development of
adaptation to water related disasters.
• Support the implementation and
improvement of both small and large scale
water capture and storage systems and
improve efficiency of current irrigation
systems through the use of green technology
and agricultural knowledge.

10. Strategies
• States within the region should take steps
towards building climate resilience.
• if the government fails to respond to the
immediate humanitarian needs of the
affected, non-state actors, some of them may
fill the void.

11. Strategies
• The adequacy and effectiveness of existing
water management institutions, which focus
on natural hazards and disaster reduction,
provides an indicator of how the region will
likely cope with changes in water supply.
• Changes in the availability of water resources
could play an increasing role in political
tensions- the social, economic, and ecological
control.

12. Strategies
• Social changes such as changing patterns of
water use and water management decisions-
Water stressed systems put stress on poor
people.

13. References
• References
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• Grey, D. and Sadoff, C.W., 2007. Sink or swim? Water security for growth and
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Meteorology :245–249.
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14. References
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along Northern Mountains of Pakistan. Yokohama, Japan.
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temperature trends in the Himalaya and its vicinity: an analysis based on
temperature records from Nepal for the Period 1971–94. Journal of Climate
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the Global Water Crisis. New York: United Nations development Program
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people/3075426.html [Accessed on 18-Dec-16 10:42 am]
• Ramanathan A, et al. (2007), “Warming trends in Asia amplified by brown cloud
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