This document summarizes RNA and protein synthesis. It discusses: 1. The three types of RNA - messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA and their roles in protein synthesis. 2. How RNA is synthesized through transcription and the role of RNA polymerase. 3. How proteins are synthesized through translation using ribosomes and tRNA to carry amino acids, forming polypeptide chains. 4. Gene regulation including the lac operon in prokaryotes and transcription factors in eukaryotes that control gene expression.