This chapter introduces programming and programming languages. It defines programs, programmers, and programming languages. Programs are step-by-step instructions for computers, programmers create these instructions, and programming languages allow communication between programmers and computers. Early languages included machine code using 1s and 0s and assembly languages using mnemonics. Modern languages are high-level languages that are easier for humans to read and write. All programs use control structures like sequence, selection, and repetition to determine program logic and flow.