The document is an introduction to the C programming language, highlighting its general-purpose nature, structured programming approach, and history from its creation by Dennis Ritchie in 1972. It covers features of C, its evolution, usage in different applications, and the importance of learning C as a foundational language for other programming languages. Additionally, it explains how C programs are compiled and executed, emphasizing its portability and widespread use in software development.

1. Introduction to C
PRESENTED BY : MALIKA JOYA (19BCA1044)

2. Introduction to C programming language
• C is a general-purpose programming language that is extremely
popular, simple, and flexible to use.
• It is a structured programming language that is machine-
independent and extensively used to write various applications,
Operating Systems like Windows, and many other complex
programs like Oracle database, Git, Python interpreter, and more.

3. C features
• Few keywords
• Structures, unions, compound data types
• Pointers, arrays
• Standard library
• Compiler to native codes
• Macro processors

4. C evolution
• 1972 – C invention
• 1978 _ first specification published.
• 1989 _ C standard (ANSI) C or standard C.
• 1990 _ ANSI C adopted by ISO, AKA C90.
• 1999 _ C99 standard. ( not completely implemented in many compilers).
• 2007 _ work on new standard C1X announced.

5. C Usage
• Systems programming ( operating systems).
• Microcontrollers.
• Embedded processors.
• DSP processors.
CPU processor

6. Why Name C was given to this Language?
• The language has been given the name C because it succeeds another language
called B.
• C is one of the most popular computer programming languages which has
existed since the last 44 years.
• It was created by the famous American programmer Dennis Ritchie – with the
help of Ken Thompson – while working at Bell Labs.

7. History of C language
• In 1972, a great computer scientist Dennis Ritchie created a new programming
language called 'C' at the Bell Laboratories. It was created from 'ALGOL', 'BCPL'
and 'B' programming languages. 'C' programming language contains all the
features of these languages and many more additional concepts that make it
unique from other languages.

8. C basic command

9. Why learn C Language?
• As we studied earlier, 'C' is a base language for many programming languages.
So, learning 'C' as the main language will play an important role while studying
other programming languages. It shares the same concepts such as data types,
operators, control statements and many more.
• 'C' can be used widely in various applications. It is a simple language and
provides faster execution. There are many jobs available for a 'C' developer in
the current market.

10. Continue.
• 'C' is a structured programming language in which program is divided into
various modules. Each module can be written separately and together it forms a
single 'C' program. This structure makes it easy for testing, maintaining and
debugging processes.
• 'C' contains 32 keywords, various data types and a set of powerful built-in
functions that make programming very efficient.
• It is a highly portable language which means programs written in 'C' language
can run on other machines. This feature is essential if we wish to use or execute
the code on another computer.

11. How C Programming Language Works?
• C is a compiled language. A compiler is a special tool that compiles the program
and converts it into the object file which is machine readable.
• After the compilation process, the linker will combine different object files and
creates a single executable file to run the program.

12. Continue
• Nowadays, various compilers are available online, and you can use any of those
compilers. The functionality will never differ and most of the compilers will
provide the features required to execute both 'C' and 'C++' programs.
• Following is the list of popular compilers available online:
• Clang compiler
• MinGW compiler (Minimalist GNU for Windows)
• Portable 'C' compiler
• Turbo C

13. Identifiers
• One feature present in all computer languages is the identifier.
Identifiers allow us to name data and other objects in the program.
Each identified object in the computer is stored at a unique
address.
• Note: An identifier must start with a letter or underscore:
it may not have a space or a hyphen.

14. Rules for Identifiers
• First character must be alphabetic character or underscore.
• Must consist only of alphabetic characters, digits, or underscores.
• First 63 characters of an identifiers are significant.
• Can not duplicate a keyword.

15. C programs
• It's time to write your first C program :
Structure of a C Program
Your First C Program
Comments
The Greeting Program

16. Structure of a C program

17. The greeting program

18. Greeting program

19. Examples of Block comments

20. Examples of line comments

21. Summary
• 'C' was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972.
• It is a robust language.
• It is a low programming level language close to machine language
• It is widely used in the software development field.
• It is a procedure and structure oriented language.
• It has the full support of various operating systems and hardware platforms.
• Many compilers are available for executing programs written in 'C'.
• A compiler compiles the source file and generates an object file.
• A linker links all the object files together and creates one executable file.
• It is highly portable.

22. The End