Future Materials of Coming time

1. Presented by:
MUHAMMAD ALI MOHSIN
(MME-16-04)

2. A brief review of some futuristic materials is
given here:
1. Aerogel.
2. Carbon nanotubes.
3. Metamaterials.
4. Amorphous metals.
5. Super alloys.
6. Metal foam.
7. Transparent alumina.
8. E-textiles.

3. 1. Aerogel
 Frozen smoke.
 Made by the supercritical drying of liquid gels of
alumina, chromia, tin oxide, or carbon.
 It’s 99.8% empty space.
 Its semi-transparent.
 Fantastic insulator.

4. Aerogel protecting cyons from
blowtorch.

5. 2. Carbon nanotubes
 Carbon nanotubes are long chains of carbon held
together by the strongest bond in all chemistry,
sp2 bond.
 Carbon nanotubes have ballistic electron transport.
 They have so much tensile strength that they are the
only substance that could be used to build a space
elevator.
 The specific strength of carbon nanotubes is 48,000
kN·m/kg. That’s 300 times stronger than steel.

6. 3. Metamaterials
 “Metamaterial” refers to any material that gains its
properties from structure rather than composition.
 Metamaterials have been used to create microwave
invisibility cloaks, 2D invisibility cloaks, and materials
with other unusual optical properties.
 Some metamaterials have a negative refractive index.
This property can be used to create superlenses.
 They would be used in “Phased array optics”.

7. Microwave invisibility cloak made
of metamaterials

8. 4. Amorphous metal
 Amorphous metals, also called metallic glasses, consist
of metal with a disordered atomic structure.
 They can be twice as strong as steel.
 They can disperse impact energy more effectively than
a metal crystal, which has points of weakness.
 Amorphous metals have electronic properties that
improve the efficiency of power grids by as much as
40%.

9. 5. Superalloys
 A superalloy is a generic term for a metal that can
operate at very high temperatures, up to about 2000 °F
(1100 °C).
 They are popular for use in the superhot turbine areas
of jet engines.
 They are used for more advanced oxygen-breathing
designs, such as the ramjet and scramjet.

10. 6. Metal foam
 Metal foam is what you get when you add a foaming
agent, powdered titanium hydride, to molten
aluminum, then let it cool.
 The result is a very strong substance that is relatively
light, with 75–95% empty space.
 Because of its favorable strength-to-weight ratio, metal
foams have been proposed as a construction material
for space colonies.

11. Metal foam

12. 7. Transparent alumina
 Aluminium oxynitride or AlON is a ceramic composed
of aluminium,oxygen and nitrogen.It is optically
transparent (≥80%) in the near-ultraviolet, visible and
midwave-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
 Transparent alumina is three times stronger than steel and
transparent.It is 4 times harder than fused silica glass.
 Lightweight high-performance transparent material.
 Could be used for bullet proof and bomb proof armors and
windows e.t.c.
 In near future we will be able to use transparent aluminium
to make transparent weapons.
 It has many semicondutor related applications.

13. Transparent alumina

14. 8. E-textiles
 An electronic textile is a fabric that can conduct
electricity.
 Electronic textiles, are fabrics that
enable digital components such as a battery and a light
(including small computers), and electronics to be
embedded in them.
 They’ll be able to sense changes in their environment.
 They’ll have the ability to do many things that
traditional fabrics cannot, including communicate,
transform, conduct energy

15. E-textile