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Assessing wetland habitat
quality for Sandhill Cranes (Grus
canadensis) in Colorado
Lindsey Power
Senior Honor’s thesis
Outline
 Introduction
 About the study area and Sandhill Cranes
 Methods
 Results
 Discussion
Introduction
 Graduating senior
 Fish, wildlife and conservation biology major
 Influential classes: Ornithology and Natural resource law and policy
Lower South Platte River Basin
 Northeastern CO
 Front Range and eastern plains
 Habitats used by Sandhill cranes:
 Emergent Marsh
 Playa
 Sandbar
 River channel
 Wet meadow
 Recharge pond/moist soil unit
Lemly, J and Gilligan, L. 2015. Wetlands of the Lower South Platte River
Basin: Extent, condition and habitat quality. CNHP
Sandhill cranes
 CPW priority species: Greater Sandhill
Crane
 Stopover on Central Flyway in fall and
spring
 Most found on Central Platte River in
Nebraska
 Staging habitat
 Shallow water, broad channels, sparse
vegetation, close to feeding
 Shallow water, agriculture fields
Methods: Reviewing habitat indices
 Thresholds – review, revise
 Roosting index: Modified herb cover, patch width, dominant veg
 Added herb height, river channel, sandbar; removed water cover emergent
 Feeding index: dominant veg, water depth, herb height
Version 2
SAN_FEE Sandhill Feeding DVC
Dominant Vegetation
Category Like "[CEF]" GH Like "[ABDIJKL]" M, P 1.00
A lot of sites out of range
for a couple variables.
SAN_FEE Sandhill Feeding HCV Herb Cover >= 80 Between 60 And 79.99 Between 30 And 59.99 < 30 0.95
SAN_FEE Sandhill Feeding WPDA
Water Predominant Depth
Actual < = 5 Between 5.01 And 35 Between 35.01 And 50 > 50 0.95
SAN_FEE Sandhill Feeding HHT Herb Height Class = 1 = 2 = 3 > 3 0.90
SAN_FEE Sandhill Feeding LVSACR
Landscape Value Model
for Sandhill Cranes >= 66 Between 33 And 65.99 > 33 1.00
Methods: Data analysis
 One-way ANOVA
 H0 = There is no difference in means between sandhill crane habitats
 Ha = There is a difference in means
 Tukey’s HSD Post-hoc
 Which habitats differ most?
Results
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
Emergent
Marsh
Playa Recharge
pond/Moist
soil unit
River channel Sandbar
Averageoverallscore
Sandhill Roosting
C
A
B AB
BC
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
Emergent Marsh Recharge Pond/Moist
soil unit
Wet Meadow
Averageoverallscore
Sandhill Feeding
A
A
B
ANOVA results: F = 7.9973; F-crit = 3.1866; df =
2; p = 0.000987
ANOVA results: F = 8.8218; F-crit = 2.4954; df =
4; p = 7.02x10-6
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
Averagescore
Sandhill Roosting - Emergent marsh (C)
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
Averagescore
Sandhill Roosting - Playa (A)
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
Averagescore
Sandhill Roosting - Recharge Pond (B)
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
Averagescore
Sandhill Roosting - Sandbar (BC)
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
Averagescore
Sandhill Roosting - River channel (AB)
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
AverageScore
Sandhill Feeding - Emergent marsh (B)
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
Averagescore
Sandhill Feeding - Recharge pond (A)
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
Averagescore
Sandhill Feeding - Wet meadow (A)
Results
 Sandhill Roosting:
 Emergent marsh on average scored lowest – patch width, water depth, herb
cover
 Playa scored highest – herb height, dominant vegetation, patch width
 Feeding:
 Emergent marsh lowest – dominant veg, herb height
Discussion: Management
recommendations
 Herb height: dominant vegetation
 Water depth: diverting/augmenting
Discussion: Scoring and evaluation
process
 Field data collection and timing of species use of habitat
 Variables, thresholds, and weights
 Other possible analyses
Discussion: Future research priorities
 Current research on occurrence or
presence/absence of priority species
 Existing data
 Conducting surveys
 Thresholds
 Revisit some sites
The North American Breeding Bird Survey; http://www.mbr-
pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/grass/genintro.htm
Conclusion
 Valuable insight into accuracy of scoring methods
 Future research questions and analyses
 Experience for future personal research, stakeholder interactions, other
evaluation processes, etc.
Thank you! Any Questions?
 Literature Cited
 Boykin, K.G., Kepner, W.G., Bradford, D.F., Guy, R.K., Kopp, D.A., Leimer, A.K., Samson, E.A., East, N.F., Neale, A.C., Gergely, K.J. 2012. A national
approach for mapping a quantifying habitat-based biodiversity metrics across multiple spatial scales. Ecological Indicators.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.11.005

 Colorado Natural Heritage Program. (CNHP) 2013. “Field Key to Wetland Habitat Types in the Lower South Platte River Basin, Colorado”. 24 May 2013.
Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado

 Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW). 2011. Statewide strategies for wetland and riparian conservation: Strategic plan for the wetland wildlife
conservation program. Version 2.0. Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado.

 International Crane Foundation (ICF). 1983. Cranes of the world. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Online. http://www.savingcranes.org/sandhill-
crane.html

 Kessler, A.C., Merchant, J.W., Allen, C.R., Shultz, S.D. 2011. Invasive plants and sandhill crane roosting habitat. Invasive plant science and management.
4:369 – 377.

 Kinzel, P.J., Nelson, J.M, Parker, R.S. 2005. Assessing Sandhill Crane roosting habitat along the Platte River, Nebraska. USDOI, USGS fact sheet.

 Krapu, G.L., Brandt, D.A., Kinzel, P.J., Pearse, A.T. 2014. Spring migration ecology of the mid-continent sandhill crane population with an emphasis on use
of the Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska. Wildlife Monographs. 189:1-41.

 Lemly, J., Gilligan, L. 2012 North Platte River Basin wetland profile and condition assessment. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

 Lemly, J., L. Gilligan, and M. Fink. 2011. Statewide strategies to improve effectiveness in protecting and restoring Colorado’s wetland resource, including
the Rio Grande Headwaters pilot wetland condition assessment. Prepared for the Colorado Department of Natural Resources and U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Region 8, by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Wetland Program
Development Grant Assistance ID No. CD-97874301-0.

 Lemly, J., Gilligan, L., Smith, G. 2014. Lower South Platte River Basin profile and condition assessment., Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

 Ortega, C. P. 2013. Habitat quality for wetland-dependent priority wildlife species in the Lower South Platte River Basin, Colorado: species assessments
and monitoring protocols. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, and Environmental Protection Agency.

 Stone, K.R. 2009. Stone, Katharine R. 2009. Grus canadensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

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Assessing wetland habitat quality for Sandhill Cranes (

  • 1. Assessing wetland habitat quality for Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) in Colorado Lindsey Power Senior Honor’s thesis
  • 2. Outline  Introduction  About the study area and Sandhill Cranes  Methods  Results  Discussion
  • 3. Introduction  Graduating senior  Fish, wildlife and conservation biology major  Influential classes: Ornithology and Natural resource law and policy
  • 4. Lower South Platte River Basin  Northeastern CO  Front Range and eastern plains  Habitats used by Sandhill cranes:  Emergent Marsh  Playa  Sandbar  River channel  Wet meadow  Recharge pond/moist soil unit Lemly, J and Gilligan, L. 2015. Wetlands of the Lower South Platte River Basin: Extent, condition and habitat quality. CNHP
  • 5. Sandhill cranes  CPW priority species: Greater Sandhill Crane  Stopover on Central Flyway in fall and spring  Most found on Central Platte River in Nebraska  Staging habitat  Shallow water, broad channels, sparse vegetation, close to feeding  Shallow water, agriculture fields
  • 6. Methods: Reviewing habitat indices  Thresholds – review, revise  Roosting index: Modified herb cover, patch width, dominant veg  Added herb height, river channel, sandbar; removed water cover emergent  Feeding index: dominant veg, water depth, herb height Version 2 SAN_FEE Sandhill Feeding DVC Dominant Vegetation Category Like "[CEF]" GH Like "[ABDIJKL]" M, P 1.00 A lot of sites out of range for a couple variables. SAN_FEE Sandhill Feeding HCV Herb Cover >= 80 Between 60 And 79.99 Between 30 And 59.99 < 30 0.95 SAN_FEE Sandhill Feeding WPDA Water Predominant Depth Actual < = 5 Between 5.01 And 35 Between 35.01 And 50 > 50 0.95 SAN_FEE Sandhill Feeding HHT Herb Height Class = 1 = 2 = 3 > 3 0.90 SAN_FEE Sandhill Feeding LVSACR Landscape Value Model for Sandhill Cranes >= 66 Between 33 And 65.99 > 33 1.00
  • 7. Methods: Data analysis  One-way ANOVA  H0 = There is no difference in means between sandhill crane habitats  Ha = There is a difference in means  Tukey’s HSD Post-hoc  Which habitats differ most?
  • 8. Results 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 Emergent Marsh Playa Recharge pond/Moist soil unit River channel Sandbar Averageoverallscore Sandhill Roosting C A B AB BC 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 Emergent Marsh Recharge Pond/Moist soil unit Wet Meadow Averageoverallscore Sandhill Feeding A A B ANOVA results: F = 7.9973; F-crit = 3.1866; df = 2; p = 0.000987 ANOVA results: F = 8.8218; F-crit = 2.4954; df = 4; p = 7.02x10-6
  • 9. 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 Averagescore Sandhill Roosting - Emergent marsh (C) 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 Averagescore Sandhill Roosting - Playa (A) 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 Averagescore Sandhill Roosting - Recharge Pond (B) 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 Averagescore Sandhill Roosting - Sandbar (BC)
  • 10. 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 Averagescore Sandhill Roosting - River channel (AB) 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 AverageScore Sandhill Feeding - Emergent marsh (B) 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 Averagescore Sandhill Feeding - Recharge pond (A) 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 Averagescore Sandhill Feeding - Wet meadow (A)
  • 11. Results  Sandhill Roosting:  Emergent marsh on average scored lowest – patch width, water depth, herb cover  Playa scored highest – herb height, dominant vegetation, patch width  Feeding:  Emergent marsh lowest – dominant veg, herb height
  • 12. Discussion: Management recommendations  Herb height: dominant vegetation  Water depth: diverting/augmenting
  • 13. Discussion: Scoring and evaluation process  Field data collection and timing of species use of habitat  Variables, thresholds, and weights  Other possible analyses
  • 14. Discussion: Future research priorities  Current research on occurrence or presence/absence of priority species  Existing data  Conducting surveys  Thresholds  Revisit some sites The North American Breeding Bird Survey; http://www.mbr- pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/grass/genintro.htm
  • 15. Conclusion  Valuable insight into accuracy of scoring methods  Future research questions and analyses  Experience for future personal research, stakeholder interactions, other evaluation processes, etc.
  • 16. Thank you! Any Questions?  Literature Cited  Boykin, K.G., Kepner, W.G., Bradford, D.F., Guy, R.K., Kopp, D.A., Leimer, A.K., Samson, E.A., East, N.F., Neale, A.C., Gergely, K.J. 2012. A national approach for mapping a quantifying habitat-based biodiversity metrics across multiple spatial scales. Ecological Indicators. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.11.005   Colorado Natural Heritage Program. (CNHP) 2013. “Field Key to Wetland Habitat Types in the Lower South Platte River Basin, Colorado”. 24 May 2013. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado   Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW). 2011. Statewide strategies for wetland and riparian conservation: Strategic plan for the wetland wildlife conservation program. Version 2.0. Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado.   International Crane Foundation (ICF). 1983. Cranes of the world. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Online. http://www.savingcranes.org/sandhill- crane.html   Kessler, A.C., Merchant, J.W., Allen, C.R., Shultz, S.D. 2011. Invasive plants and sandhill crane roosting habitat. Invasive plant science and management. 4:369 – 377.   Kinzel, P.J., Nelson, J.M, Parker, R.S. 2005. Assessing Sandhill Crane roosting habitat along the Platte River, Nebraska. USDOI, USGS fact sheet.   Krapu, G.L., Brandt, D.A., Kinzel, P.J., Pearse, A.T. 2014. Spring migration ecology of the mid-continent sandhill crane population with an emphasis on use of the Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska. Wildlife Monographs. 189:1-41.   Lemly, J., Gilligan, L. 2012 North Platte River Basin wetland profile and condition assessment. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.   Lemly, J., L. Gilligan, and M. Fink. 2011. Statewide strategies to improve effectiveness in protecting and restoring Colorado’s wetland resource, including the Rio Grande Headwaters pilot wetland condition assessment. Prepared for the Colorado Department of Natural Resources and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Wetland Program Development Grant Assistance ID No. CD-97874301-0.   Lemly, J., Gilligan, L., Smith, G. 2014. Lower South Platte River Basin profile and condition assessment., Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.   Ortega, C. P. 2013. Habitat quality for wetland-dependent priority wildlife species in the Lower South Platte River Basin, Colorado: species assessments and monitoring protocols. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, and Environmental Protection Agency.   Stone, K.R. 2009. Stone, Katharine R. 2009. Grus canadensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/