CLASS- VII-NCERT SYLLABUS

1. CHAPTER 1-
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
CLASS: VII
NCERT
MANJU LIJU

2. LET’S RECALL!

3. FOOD CHAIN
A series of organisms each
dependent on the next. It gives how
the organisms are related with each
other by the food they eat.
It starts from producers and ends
with decomposers.

4. FOOD CHAIN

5. DIFFERENT TROPHIC LEVEL

6. PRIMARY PRODUCERS- get energy
from sun and convert that energy into
useable energy in the form of sugar or
food. (plants / algae/ organisms live
deep under the ocean -chemosynthesis)
Primary Consumers- herbivores
Secondary Consumers- carnivores
Tertiary Consumers- decomposers
MEMBERS OF FOOD CHAIN

7. MAJOR NUTRIENTS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
Energy giving – carbohydrates and
fats
Body building, growth, repair and
maintenance of cells- proteins
Protective- vitamins and minerals
Additional substances required by
the body
Water & roughage (dietary fibre)

8. NUTRITION

9. NUTRITION
Mode of taking food by an
organism and its utilization
by the body.

10. MODES OF
NUTRITION

12. Let’s Understand The
Scientific Terms
TROPHOS, AUTO & HETERO
TROPHOS- NUTRITION/NOURISHMENT
SELF- AUTO
OTHER- HETERO

13. LET’S TRY TO FIND OUT YOURSELF!
What is the scientific term which we
use to represent living organisms
that make food by themselves?
AUTOTROPHS
What do we call for those living
organisms that get energy of sun
indirectly by depending autotrophs?
HETEROTROPHS

14. LET’S DETERMINE WHETHER
AUTOTROPHS BELONGS TO
PRODUCERS OR CONSUMERS!
AUTOTROPHS – make food by
themselves. So they are called
primary producers.
HETEROTROPHS -make food by
themselves. So they are called
primary producers consumers.

15. MODES OF NUTRITION
i) Self Nutrition- Autotrophic
Nutrition
ii) Nutrition From Others(from those
living organisms who make their
own food)- Heterotrophic
Nutrition

16. Nutrition
Heterotrophic
nutrition
Autotrophic
nutrition
Green
Plants
Non-
green
Plants

17. AUTOTROPHS

18. TYPES OF AUTOTROPHS
1. PHOTO AUTOTROPHS
2. CHEMO AUTOTROPHS
•PHOTO AUTOTROPHS- make
food with the help of sun light
•CHEMO AUTOTROPHS-
make food without using
sunlight. They use chemicals,
water and carbon di oxide
for making food or glucose.

19. EXAMPLES OF PHOTOAUTOTROPHS
ALGAE GREEN PLANTS

21. EXAMPLES OF AUTOTROPHS
CHEMOSYNTHESIS TO DERIVE ENERGY
Bacteria living on the sea floor use chemicals such
as Hydrogen Sulphide, Methane, water, Carbon
di Oxide.

22. SUN...THE ULTIMATE
SOURCE OF ENERGY

23. WHY IS SUN KNOWN AS THE ULTIMATE
SOURCE OF ENERGY?
 There would not be any food
production by the green plants.
 All heterotrophs directly or indirectly
depend on plants for their survival.
 Therefore there would not be
any autotrophs as well and
heterotrophs as well.

24. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

25. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The process by which plants
manufacture food
PHOTO- LIGHT; SYNTHESIS-PRODUCTION
Which means production of food in
presence of sunlight.

26. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTO- LIGHT; SYNTHESIS-PRODUCTION

27. This food when it is manufactured
require certain processes.
Chlorophyll- The green colour pigment
needed for photosynthesis.
Stomata – Small openings present
beneath the leaves through
which Carbon di Oxide is taken from the air
Leaves manufacture food by using..
Water & minerals from the roots
Carbon di Oxide is taken from
the air
In presence of sunlight & chlorophyll

28. HOW DO PLANTS TRANSPORT
CARBONDIOXIDE, SUN LIGHT, FOOD, WATER
AND MINERALS TO THE FOOD FACTORIES?
ROLL OF ROOTS- ABSORB WATER AND MINERALS
FROM THE SOIL
ROLL OF STEM- NARROW VESSELS PRESENT INSIDE THE
STEM CARRIES ...
1. XYLEM- ABSORBS WATER AND MINERALS FROM THE
TO THE LEAVES AND THE OTHER PARTS IN AN
UPWARD DIRECTION.
2. PHLOEM- ABSORBS PREPARED FOOD FROM THE
LEAVES TO THE VARIOUS PLANT PARTS IN AN
UPWARD DIRECTION.

29. OPEN STOMATA.. ABSORBS CARBON DI
OXIDE DURING THE DAY TIME.

30. *

31. OPEN
STOMATA-
OUTER MOST
LAYER IS
SURROUNDED
BY GUARD
CELLS.

32. OPEN STOMATA HELPS FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Leaves take
carbon di oxide
for
photosynthesis
through the
open stomata
during the day
time.

33. STOMATA REMAIN CLOSED
DURING THE NIGHT
Leaves cannot
conduct
photosynthesis
during the night
as sunlight is
absent.

34. At night time plants
only do respiration.
each leaf has many
stomata. Each
stomata releases too
much amount of
carbon di oxide. so
we feel suffocated.
Why is it not good to sleep under a
tree during the night?

35. Vessels Present In The Plants Which
Transport Water And Minerals From
The Root To Various Plant Parts And
Food Prepared To Various Plant Parts
From The Leaves.
VESSELS IN PLANTS

37. VESSELS WHICH
CARRY WATER
AND MINERALS
TO VARIOUS
PLANT PARTS
FROM THE ROOT
XYLEM

38. VESSELS WHICH
CARRY FOOD TO
VARIOUS PLANT
PARTS FROM
THE LEAVES
PHLOEM

39. THE DIFFERENT STEPS
OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS...
THAT NEED TO BE
REMEMBERED..

41. Plants absorb the water and minerals from the soil
with the help of roots an
d transport them to the leaves of the plants where
synthesis of food takes place.
carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere is taken
through the tiny pores on the leaves known as
stomata
chlorophyll helps to capture the sunlight that act as
the source of energy to carry out the process.
The process of photosynthesis releases oxygen and
food in the form of carbohydrate. The carbohydrates
ultimately converted into starch.
STEPS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

44. HOW CAN WE TEST
THE PRESENCE OF
STARCH IN PLANT
PARTS?

45. Let’s Recall!!
STARCH TEST ON LEAF
CHEMICAL- DILUTE IODINE
SOLUTION

46. HOW CAN WE
SHOW THAT
SUNLIGHT IS
NECESSARY FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

47. Insert half portion of a fresh leaf of a
potted plant into a bottle with a wide
mouth. Cover the bottle with a black
coloured paper so that no sunlight will fall
on this part of the leaf. Keep the plant for
4-5 days and observe. Now take this leaf
from the plant and perform the starch test
on both the sides (the part of the leaf is
kept in sunlight as well as the part of the
leaf which is kept in the dark)
The leaf which is kept in dark does not
show any colour change.

48. Because leaf can conduct
photosynthesis only in the
presence of sunlight.
Iodine test would fail if we do
the test on leaf which is kept
in the dark

49. HOW CAN WE
SHOW THAT CO2 IS
NECESSARY FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

50. Potassium Hydroxide reacts with
Carbon di Oxide and changes into
a new chemical substance called
Potassium Carbonate.
Leaf dipped in KOH would not
give blue black colour if we
add iodine on it.

51. LEAF
MODIFICATIONS

52. IN CACTUS THE
LEAVES ARE
EITHER ABSENT
OR MODIFIED
INTO SPINES.
LEAF MODIFICATION DESERT
PLANTS

53. REDUCES THE
SURFACE AREA
AND PREVENTS
EXCESS
WATERLOSS BY
TRANSPIRATION.
WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF
MODIFICATION INTO SPINES?

54. LEAVES OTHER THAN
GREEN

55. CROTON
PLANT

56. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
ALGAE

57. Slimy green
patches that grow
in ponds or
stagnant water.
Algae contain
chlorophyll which
gives them the
green colour. So
they can conduct
photosynthesis.

58. SYNTHESIS OF PLANT
FOOD OTHER THAN
CARBOHYDRATE

59. Carbohydrates...The plant
food
Chemical compounds of Carbon (c),
Hydrogen (H2) and Oxygen (o2] are
called carbohydrates. They help to
produce the other components such as
proteins and fats. Glucose and fructose
are simple carbohydrates. In plants
excess carbohydrate is stored in the
form of starch.

60. FATS
Fats contain fatty acids and
glycerol. Percentage of Oxygen
is lesser than carbohydrates. 1g
fat provides 9KCal of energy.

61. Proteins
Proteins contain Amino
acids which contain
Nitrogen in it.

62. FROM WHERE DO
PLANTS OBTAIN
NITROGEN?

63. Can plants directly
absorb N2 from the
atmosphere through
the stomata?

64. Nitrogen in natural
form cannot be
utilized by the
plants directly.
They need
Nitrogen in the
soluble forms like
Nitrate and Nitrite.
PLANTS
CANNOT TAKE
ATMOSPHERIC
N2 THROUGH
THE STOMATA

65. NITROGEN FIXATION
Nitrogen in natural form cannot be
utilized by the plants directly. They
need Nitrogen in the soluble forms
like Nitrate and Nitrite. This
conversion of gaseous N2 into soluble
forms such as Nitrate and Nitrite is
called ”Nitrogen fixation’’.

66. HOW DO PLANTS FULFILL THE
REQUIREMENT OF NITROGEN?
Soil has certain bacteria that convert
gaseous N2 into soluble Nitrates and
Nitrites. These can be absorbed by
plants along with water. Nitrogen
containing fertilizers that farmers add
also provide N2 to the plants.

68. HETEROTROPHIC
NUTRITION

69. Non- Green Plants are plants they do
not have chlorophyll.
Cuscuta, mushroom, bread moulds,
etc.
NUTRITION IN NON- GREEN PLANTS

71. PARASITIC PLANTS....
FROM WHERE DO
THEY GET THE
NOURISHMENT?

72. PARASITES
Plants or animals which live in or on
other living organisms and derive
their food from them are called
parasites. The organism from which a
parasite derives food is called a host.
Since these plants deprives the
valuable nutrients from the host, they
are known as parasites.

73. The yellow
tubular structures
twining around
the stem and
branches of a
tree.
CUSCUTA (AMARBEL/ DODDER)
Does not have chlorophyll. It takes readymade
food from the host plant. It is a plant parasite
which produces special structures called
haustoria to absorb food from the host plant.

74. Loranthus
plant

75. HAVE YOU HEARD ABOUT THE
PLANTS THEY TAKE THEIR FOOD JUST
LIKE ANIMALS?
INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS
Eg: Venus Flytrap , pitcher plant, etc.

76. Carnivorous plants are adapted
to grow in the soil that does not
have enough minerals. These
plants feed on insects to obtain
minerals. They have chlorophyll
in the leaves and make food.

77. • The leaf of the pitcher
plant is modified into a
pitcher. The end of the
pitcher has a lid which
can open and close.
When an insect enters
the pitcher, the lid
closes. The insect is then
digested by digestive
juices inside the pitcher.

78. SAPROTROPHYTES
OR
SAPROTROPHS

79. HOW DO SAPROPHYTIC PLANTS
OBTAIN NUTRITION?
*Saprophytes grow on organic matter
*They secrete digestive juices.
*This makes the organic matter break
down into simple substances and
convert into a solution.
*The saprotrophs absorb the solution
and obtain nutrition.

80. •The plant which
live on dead or
decaying organic
matter and derive
their food from it
are called
saprophytes.

81. •Mushrooms grow
from spores that
can’t be seen
with the naked
eyes. They
initially grow as a
tiny white thread-
like bodies called
mycelium.

82. *Take a loaf of bread
and sprinkle some
water to soak it. Keep
the bread undisturbed
for 2-3 days. We can
see that a white
cottony growth on the
bread. This is a fungus
called mucor.

83. Saprotrophs
and convert it into a
solution and then absorb
the nutrients from the
solution.

84. Nitrogen in natural form cannot be
utilized by the plants directly. They
need Nitrogen in the form of Nitrate
and Nitrite. This conversion is called
nitrogen fixation.
UTILIZATION OF NITROGEN IN
PLANTS

85. Bacteria called Rhyzobium present in
the root nodules of certain plants help
for the nitrogen fixation.
HOW DOES RHYZOBIUM HELP
FOR NITROGEN FIXATION

86. Rhyzobium gets the shelter and the plant
gets consumable form of nitrogen.
Symbiotic relationship.
One organism may be benefited and the
other one may be benefited or become
neutral
There is no harm for any organism.
MUTUALISM BETWEEN THE
BACTERIA AND THE PLANT

87. Cells is surrounded by cell membranes
Open space inside – cytoplasm
Nucleus at the centre- have genes which
carry dna & is responsible for hereditary
factors
Cell wall
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
PLANT CELLS

88. STRUCTURE OF PLANT CELL

89. THANK YOU