TDTS

Centro Colombo Americano - Libardo González

PREWRITING Objectives
• Plan what you are going to write:
• Choose your topic
• Identify your purpose
• Brainstorm ideas
• Collect ideas that are important to you
• Organize information

LISTING & OUTLINES - Objectives
This is the last step in the prewriting stage:
• Organize main topics;
• Sequence main ideas of each topic in order of
importance; and
• Sequence support details for each main ideas
Prewriting

Prewriting – Last Step
Listing & Outlining

• Did you plan your writing? How?
• Did you collect, summarize and organize info? How?
• Did you organize your outline? How? (last prewriting step)
• What prewriting activities did you do?
Please explain your assessment
Excellent Very good What to improve How to improve
Prewriting
• What can you do differently to maximize results ?

MIND MAPING - Objectives
• It is a visual tool use before writing.
• It helps you organize your ideas.
• It shows relationship between ideas.
• It starts with a topic at the center.
• It generates a web of associated ideas.
• It groups related ideas .
Prewriting

MIND MAPING - Steps
• To organize your ideas visually :
• Write the most important word in the center
• Write other important words related
• Relocate important items closer to each other
• Become more specific or detailed as you
expand you map
Prewriting

Mind Mapping Examples
Prewriting

BRAINSTORMING
• It’s a technique to develop and organize a topic.
• It lists ideas related to a topic.
• It builds on association of ideas.
• It relates other ideas to a particular topic.
Prewriting

BRAINSTORMING - Steps
• Write anything that comes to your mind
• Don’t worry about grammar, spelling, etc.
• Look for related ideas (circle, connect, etc.)
• Organize, regroup and link ideas according to a
topic, main idea, subtopic or details
Prewriting

DRAFTING Objectives
• To put your ideas and thoughts in paper:
• Write your ideas in sentences
• Write your first draft
• It assumes you have finished the prewriting
stage. (mind mapping, organizing and outline)
• It assumes you have done some research.

WHAT YOU NEED
• Notes from prewriting
• Research on data and viewpoints
• Summarize main ideas from research
• Refresh on main ideas when needed
• Your outline sequence
DRAFTING

• Did you follow your outline?
• Are the main ideas and supportive details related?
• Does the conclusion have a provocative reflection?
• Is your topic specific and narrow?
Drafting
• Do you have transitions to help ideas flow smoothly?

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH
• It is one of the most important paragraphs.
• It introduces your particular topic.
• It starts with a hook to catch reader’s attention.
• It ends with your point of view. (Thesis Statement)

THE HOOK
• This sentence (or sentences) is at the beginning
of the intro paragraph.
• The purpose is to capture reader’s attention.
• It helps focus the reader on your topic.
• It must relate to your topic.
Introductory Paragraph

TYPES OF HOOKS
• An anecdote
• A fact that supports your opinion
• A quotation about your topic, or
• An interesting question

TYPES OF HOOKS

• Does your intro paragraph start with a hook ?
• In what way is your hook related to your topic ?
• What else did you write to introduce your topic ?
• What kind of hook do you have ?
• Did you finish your intro with your opinion ? (Thesis Statemen

YOUR FIRST PARAGRAPH
• Introduces your topic
• Presents your perspective and point of view
• Focuses on the main point(s) to develop
• Defines a smooth flow to the next paragraph
DRAFTING

REVISING Objectives
To make changes that will improve your writing:
• Polish organization and details
• Add relevant support
• Eliminate unnecessary, irrelevant details
• Revise unity and coherence

• What changes did you make to improve your draft?
• Did you add any relevant details? What?
• Did you eliminate any irrelevant details? What?
• Did you polish details and organization? What?
Revising
• Did you revise unity and coherence? How?

EDITING Stage
To continue polishing your writing:
• Add transitions / connectors
• Revise clarity of ideas
• Make changes when it is necessary
• Revise grammar & punctuation
• Add a visual (e.g. picture)

• What transitions/connectors did you add?
• What other changes did you make?
• Did you check grammar, spelling & punctuation ?
• Did you revise clarity of ideas? What ideas?
Editing
• What visual did you add to your article ?

EVALUATING - Objectives
• This is the last assessing stage of your draft:
• Assess Paragraph structure
• Check sequence and development of ideas
• Check spelling, grammar, punctuation, and
transitions
• Move, change or add final details

• Did you follow the paragraph structure ?
• Do transitions help connect ideas smoothly?
• Did you double check grammar, spelling, etc.?
• Are ideas sequenced and developed effectively?
Evaluating

PUBLISHING - Objectives
• Share your article
• Present your final work orally
• Outline your oral presentation
• Make a sign to hang on your stand / desk
• Make your presentation interactive !
• Prepare some questions for the audience
• Prepare feedback form

• Did you print and share your article ?
• Did you outline your oral presentation ?
• Did you prepare some questions to interact ?
• Did you make a sign for your stand / desk ?
Publishing

THE BODY
• Contains the paragraphs that develop the topic
• Includes the evidence that supports your topic
sentence in each paragraph (supportive details)
• Explains the importance of your evidence
• Paragraphs are connected to develop and
sequence ideas logically and smoothly

• Do the paragraphs have a topic sentence (main idea)
• Do details explain effectively the main ideas?
• Are main ideas and details related to the topic?
• Are details directly related to the topic sentences?
The Body
• Do the paragraphs develop your topic effectively?

CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH
• It is the last paragraph and signals the end.
• It summarizes your topic and key ideas.
• It provides a reflection & proposes a solution
on your topic.

• Does it summarize the main initial idea of the topic ?
• Does it offer a suggestion or propose a solution ?
• Does it provide a provocative reflection on the topic ?
Concluding Paragraph

Transitional Words & Phrases
• Improve the connections between thoughts
• Connect ideas in writing
• Improve organization & understanding
• Help reading to flow smoothly between ideas

• Did you write a variety of transitions?
• Do transitions help organization & understanding ?
• Do transition effectively help reading flow
smoothly?
• Do transitions help connect ideas logically ? How ?
Transitions

WHAT IS A PARAGRAPH?
• A paragraph is a group of sentences that
develop one particular main idea.
• The sentences in the paragraph support and
give details about the particular main idea.

PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
A paragraph has a logical structure that
follows a particular outline:
I. Topic sentence
II. Supportive detail
III. Supportive detail
IV. Supportive detail
V. Concluding sentence

THE TOPIC SENTENCE
• It’s a sentence that tells the reader the main
idea of the paragraph.
• It contains only one specific main idea.
• It is often found at the beginning.

SUPPORTIVE DETAILS
• Details are needed to support the main idea
of the paragraph.
• Details explain your topic.
• Details should keep the reader interested in
what you want to say.

CONCLUDING SENTENCE
• A concluding sentence summarizes the main
idea that you developed in your paragraph.
• It restates the main idea of the topic sentence.
• It signals the end of a paragraph.

• Does the paragraph have a topic sentence? ( main idea )
• Does the paragraph develop one main idea ? (topic sentence)
• Do the details explain and support the main idea?
• Is the topic sentence at the beginning?
My Paragraph Structure
• Does the concluding sentence summarize the main idea?

TDTS

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