A vocabulary powerpoint that helps us with vocabulary.

2.  A rock that is composed and broken
down from older rocks or sediment.
 Rocks that are put into 2 groups
based on whether the metamorphic
rock is and laminae.
 Magma is melted rock that is formed
when Igneous rock is being
formed……. underground.!!

3.  A mineral is a kind of
substance that is
inorganic and has 5
structures and elements
composed from the
Earth.
 Intrusive is when
Igneous rock is harden
deep inside Earth’s
layers of rocks.
 Compaction happens
when the sediments are
squeezed together to
make Sedimentary rock.
Some times, fossils are
stuck and compacted
with the layers.

4.  Reclamation is when you claim
that usable materials can help
deduct the use of non-
renewable that cannot last a
long time. Minerals are non-
renewable so we need to
conserve the minerals hidden
in Earth’s crust.
 Rock texture is how the rock
feels in your hand. Ways to
identify the texture is by
feeling its luster, hardness, and
fracture.
 The word extrusive means that
the magma that creates igneous
rock is harden outside of the
Earth and it produces fertile
soil for planting and farming.

5.  When the sediments are squeezed
together, the sediments are then
compacted together and sealed into
different layers of sediment.
 Organic is a characteristic that
describes if the mineral has
compounds of animal mixtures or
remains stuck inside minerals such as
amber.
 Non-foliated means that the
metamorphic rocks don't have
distant layers or bands between each
other.

6.  Lava is when the magma from the
eruption from the volcano explodes
and lets itself make its way towards
the bottom of the volcano or even
far away from it.
 Grains are small particles of dust
that are used to build the formation
of rocks. These grains are what you
see in rocks. These grains are the
branches of the sedimentary rocks.
 Sediment is what the sedimentary
rocks are made from. These
sediments can be big or small. As
sediment is cemented together,
fossilized fossils are connected to the
sedimentary rocks.

7.  Erosion is a movement of sediment
that is caused by wind, water, or ice.
Erosion then leaves the sediment
towards the mouth of the river which
is then deposited, cemented,
squeezed together to form
sedimentary rock.
 Chemical rocks are rocks that have
been comprised material deposited
by precipita . These rocks aren’t
formed as the other sedimentary,
igneous or metamorphic rocks are.
 The Rock Cycle has no beginning
and no ending, just like a the Water
Cycle. It has the Igneous,
sedimentary, and Metamorphic
rocks. Each rock has its own story to
share.

8.  Ore is a type of rock that contains
minerals with important elements
such as metals. Ore can be found in
almost all parts of the world. Ore
can be found in the Earth’s crust by
mining.
 Igneous rock is a type of rock that is
formed by heat and fire. They can
either formed extrusive (which is
above ground) or intrusive, (inside
Earth). When the lava cools down,
the magma hardens and is converted
into an igneous rock.
 Sedimentary rocks are rocks that is
built up by sediments. These rocks
are made by layers of sediment that
are composited and cemented into
layers.

9.  Deposition is when an amount of
land that is added to the landform or
land mass. This builds up sediments
of layers with fossils hidden inside
the rock.
 A Metamorphic rock is a rock that is
produced by heat and pressure.
These rocks were once Sedimentary
rocks or Igneous rock. When heat
and pressure is added, the heat burns
them under tons of lava and basically
changes the structure and surface
that the rock is made of.
 Weathering is a process that is taken
when building the shape of a rock.
When weathering occurs, the
sediments aren’t moved but are
broken down.
 Mining is an act that when a person
or a group of people go to extract
minerals and other things from the
Earth’s crust.

10. Part 2: Geological Time

11.  A group of remain of an animal that
has been decomposed for almost a
million years is called a fossil. A
fossil is found in a sedimentary
formed over millions of years. Some
fossils are found in a substance called
amber.
 A relative age isn’t the exact age or
time period. It doesn’t have a date. A
relative age is when you describe the
age you are talking about is close to
another era, date, or age.
 Geologic periods are ages that the
Earth has been in. They are the
Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, and the
Cenozoic Era. These eras are
described as the triumph of animals
and the extinction of any others.

12.  Superposition is an act of being in
the same position that you are in for
a long time. It is the order of which
sedimentary strata are cemented
above another.
 To have an exact day or date is called
an absolute age. An absolute age is
telling us that there is a date that can
be found. It all depends on the era
someone is in.
 To be the ordinary product that
someone or something has produced
is called Original. It is the original
copy.

13.  An index is a part of a book that
you would find a word and their
page number. In any book or booklet
there is an index at the back of the
book.
 Pangaea was thought(to scientist)
that it had existed millions of years
ago. Pangaea was a huge
supercontinent. All of the present 7
continents were connect to Pangaea.
Some parts of continents were
underwater when some parts are as
hot as a desert.
 The direction of going left to right.
A mathematical vocabulary word
used to describe the way something
is shaped.

14.  A fossil is a remain of an animal or
organism that has decayed and has
substances in it. A fossil must more
that a hundred years old for it to be
a fossil.
 A concept of Earth’s surface that was
changed in the past by erosion,
earthquakes and severe floods. It has
theories. One of them is that that
there is an existing force that is
around since the existing of the
Earth.
 Geological Era is the era that divides
up periods and eons. Similar to the
geologic periods, there are 3 major
ancient eras.
 Extinct is a group of organisms or
members of organisms that are no
longer alive. Some are dinosaurs,
saber-tooth tigers, and more.

16.  Fuel is what fills up our gas tanks
for our cars. These fuels come from
fossils that are in the ground. Some
of these fuels are coal and oil. We
drill for them in the ground. It is a
non-renewable resource. Once we
use all of these fossils, that will be
enough for our cars.
 Hydroelectric power will or someday
be used to power everyday objects.
This will help us from using and
wasting the fossil fuels. This can
power many things.
 Energy conservation is a way to save
energy from being wasted. Energy
conservation can make a big
difference when saving on fossil
fuels, minerals, and other non-
renewable resources.

17.  Conservation is a way of telling the
Earth that you care. Conservation is
described as saving and protecting
the Earth. We can all pinch in by,
reuse, reduce, and recycle. The
Earth’s surface can be made even
better by following the 3 tips.
 Energy is what keeps the Earth
moving. Energy today is being
introduced into many different ways.
Fossil fuels, solar power, and dams
are just a few examples of energy.
 Fossil fuels is the exact same thing as
oil and coal. This helps us by filling
up gas tanks and boosting the
economy to high levels. A negative
factor is that when these fossil fuels
are gone, there gone.

18.  Solar energy is wind power. That is
used when wind is there. This type
of technology has evolved and grown
out since the 1990. Solar power can
help by stop the use of fossil fuels,
and the Greenhouse effect. IT can
help us with daily chores.
 Geothermal is a type of energy that
is generated to help with technology
around us. This includes, steam dry
power plants and other things. This
can be an advancement between
things and humanity.
 Air Pollution is harmful. It is air that
has carbon dioxide, and maybe acid.
This can cause disease in lungs
(which is called lung cancer) can
stop the respiratory system.

19.  The Dust Bowl was one if the most
serious dust storms to ever hit the
United States. The wind blew
millions of acres of fertile soil away
from the Great Plains. This was one
of the factors that caused the Great
Depression. Farmers weren’t able to
keep their farms under control so
they lost millions
 Global Warming has been a major
political issue since the early 1920s.
The Earth has been warming up 2
degrees each year. If the polar
icecaps melt, it will cause mass of
extinctions of species and great
floods.
 Wind energy is a way of conserving
energy from the wind. Solar wind
structures are built to make
electricity and to power homes
without the help of fossil fuels.

20.  Nuclear energy is energy that is very
powerful. A nuclear plant has explosives
and could melt anything in its way if it
is destroyed. This energy may be used to
create the next dangerous weapon, the
Nuclear Bomb!
 Water pollution soil is water that is
found in soil that is contaminated with
carbon dioxide, and harmful chemicals.
Farmers add these in their crops and
cause them to die and be poisoned.
 Erosion biomass is a way of acid rain to
not cause erosion to erode sediment
away. When rocks aren’t eroded away,
they can cause to be stacked up and
cause a sedimentary rock.
 Wind break terracing is when wind has
the right amount of force that it can
move rocks around, smash, violently
destroy rocks, and divide rocks into
sediment.