Conduct Simple Survey to Enhance Products

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UNIT 1 ENHANCING /DECORATING FINISHED PRODUCTS
ContentStandard
Demonstratesanunderstandingof knowledge andskillsinenhancing/decoratingproductsasan
alternative source of income
Performance Standard
Performsnecessaryskill inenhancing/decoratingfinishedproducts
Learning Competencies
1.1 Discussesthe importance andmethodsof enhancing/decoratingbamboo,wood,andmetal products
Code: TLE6IA-0a-1
1.2 Demonstratescreativityandinnovativenessinenhancing/decoratingbamboo,wood,andmetal
products
Code:TLE6IA-0a-2
LESSON 1 Importance and Methods ofEnhancing/Decorating Bamboo, Wood and Metal Products
LessonObjectives:
1. Discussthe importance andmethodsof enhancing/decoratingbamboo,wood,andmetal
products
2. Demonstrate creativity andinnovativenessinenhancing/decoratingbamboo,wood,andmetal
products
3. Discussthe effectsof enhancementsonthe marketabilityof the products.
LET’S BE INFORMED
Industrial Artsplayanimportantrole inour economy.Manyoccupations andbusinessesbelong
to thisarea. Thousandsare employedindifferentindustrial works,bothinrural andurban areas
This lessonwillacquaintyouwith differentproductsmade of bamboo,wood,andmetal that
are designed,manufactured,andare soldbothhere andabroad. It will alsodiscusswaysbywhichone
can enhance finishedproductsmade of these materials.
1.1 Importance of enhancing/decoratingbamboo,wood, and metal products
1. Finishedproductstendtobe more saleable tocustomerswhenenhancedanddecorated.
2. Enhancedand decoratedfinishedproductshelpmaintaintheirdurabilitytoharshelements.
3. Finishedproductsthatare enhancedordecoratedbeautifythe productitself.

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1.1.1 Methodsof enhancing/decoratingbamboo,wood, and metal products
Woodcraftand bamboocraft can be enhancedusingavarietyof methodsandtechniques.These
include:
 Woodturning isa processof usinga lathe to make variousformsand shapesof wood.

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 Hand carving isconsideredawoodcraftinwhicha sharp objectisusedto create designsonthe
wood.Varioustexturesandsurfacescanbe createdusingthistechnique.Toolssuchaschip
carvingknife,gouges,andchiselsare used.

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 Pyrography is considered anartusinga fire or heatto decorate woodor leather.

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 Flockingtechnique linesthe interiorof drawersandboxerswithasoftvelvetyfinish.

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 Inlayingcombinesseveral techniquesthatinvolve insertingdecorative piecesintoa base object
to incorporate newdesignsonthe original product.

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 Gildingisconsideredasadecorative techniqueinwhichpowderisappliedonwoodorother
materialstogive a thincoatingof gold.Methodsof thistechnique include glueing,chemical
gilding,andelectroplating.

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 Stainingis usedto colorwoodto give an illusionof texture.Thismaycome intwovarieties.
First,pigment-basedstainwill colorlarge poresof the wood,whiledye-basedstaincolorsmall
poresof the wood.

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 Paintingis consideredthe simplestwayof decoratingwoodsince there isavarietyof colorsthat
youcan choose from.One mayalsoadd a lacquerfinishtomake itmore shinyandglossy.

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Metalcraft Enhancing Techniques
The followingare some techniquesusedtoenhance oradddesignelementsonmetal products.
 Engraving is a methodof transferringadesignonmetal usinga hardenedsteeltool calledburin
or graver to cut intothe surface of the metal.

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 Etching isa processusedtomake designsorpictureson a metal plate byusingacidthat
producescorrosive action.Inmodernmanufacturing,strongchemicalsare usedonothertypes
of material.

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 Addingmetal enhancingmediasuch as metal paints,copicmarkersand antiquingkitsgive color
to the metal product.Metal paintsmay be appliedusingabrushor spray.

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 Texturingand embossing– In thistechnique youwill needhammers,metalstamps,stencils,
and othermaterialstocreate imprintsonthe metal.Thoughthere are new technologiesusedto
embossa metal withdifferenttextures,ahammerandnail can still be usedtocreate your own
design.

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1.2 Creativityand innovativenessinenhancing/decoratingbamboo,wood,and metal products
Productsmade of bamboo,wood,andmetal are much indemandbothinthe local andinternational
market.Withthe evolvingneedsof today’sconsumers,manyentrepreneursare continuouslycreating
and innovatingproductsinordertocater to the demandsof the market.
Some examplesof suchproductsinclude:
Woodcraft
Desktop organizer
Candle holder

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Woodlamp
Bamboo products
Bamboo craft lamp

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Bamboo lights
Bamboo bottle holders

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Bamboo woven bag and basket

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Wall decorations
Bamboo utensils(spoons,fork, and beverage ware)

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Bamboo furnitures
Bamboo plant box

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Metal craft
Accessories
Penholder

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Wall hooks
Wall decorations

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LET’S EXPLAIN
1. What isthe importance of enhancinganddecoratingfinishedproducts?
2. What innovative methodsandtechniquescan be usedtoenhance bamboo,wood,andmetal
products?
3. Withthe challenge of globalizationall overthe world,how canlocal productsbe more
competitiveinthe market?
LET’S REMEMBER
Bamboo,wood,andmetal productscan be enhancedanddecoratedtoincrease theirmarketabilityand
saleability.
LET’S DO TOGETHER
Identification.Identifythe methodsinenhancingwood,bambooandmetal products. Choose the letter
of the correct answers .
______ 1. It isa processof usinga lathe tomake variousformsand shapesof wood.
a. A. woodturning b. handcarving c. pyrography
______2. It is a methodof creatingdesignsonthe woodusingsharpobject.
a. Pyrography b. handcarving c. flocking
______3. Which isconsideredanart usingfire orheat todecorate wood?
a. Gilding b.Inlaying c. pyrography
______4. It is usedtocolor woodand give anillusionof texture.
a. Staining b. texturing c. etching
______5. This isconsideredadecorative techniqueinwhichpowderisappliedonwoodorother
materials.
a. Embossing b. painting c. gilding
REINFORCEMENT
Bringany product made of wood,bambooor metal enhanced usingthe differentmethodsinenhancing
productsor finishingmaterials.
References:
The Basics of BetterLiving6 by GloriaA. Peralta.Ed.D.etal.
LearningandLivinginthe 21st
Century,byLeonora D. Basbas,Ph.D.

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LESSON 2 HOW TO CONDUCT SIMPLE SURVEY USING TECHNOLOGY AND OTHER DATA-GATHERING
METHOD
Learning Competencies: Code TLEGIA-0b-3
1.3 Conductssimple surveyusingtechnologyandotherdata-gatheringmethodtodetermine:
1.3.1 markettrendson products made of bamboo,wood,andmetal
1.3.2 customer’spreference of products
1.3.3 types/sourcesof innovativefinishingmaterials,accessories,anddesigns
1.3.4 processesinenhancing/decoratingfinishedproducts
LessonObjectives:
Discussthe markettrendson productsmade of bamboo,wood,andmetal.
Identifythe customer’spreferenceof products.
Identifythe types/sourcesof innovativefinishingmaterials,accessories,anddesign.
Applythe processesinenhancing/decoratingfinishedproducts.
LET’S BE INFORMED
1.3 Conducts simple surveyusingtechnologyand otherdata-gathering methodto determine the
following:
1.3.1 Market trendson products made of bamboo, wood, and metal
Philippine productsare indemandnotonlywithinthe local marketbutalsointhe international
market.Locallymanufacturedproductsintendedforthe global markethave unique designsandhigh
qualitycraftmanshipthatdemandhighervalue andearnprofitsforthe entrepreneurs.
1.3.2 Customer’spreference ofproducts
Productsare inthe form of home furnishings,tabletops,jewellery,decorativeaccessories,
home accents,kitchenandgardendecors.Customersbuyingcraftvarygenerallyfromtourists,
collectors,business people,artistsorartisans, peopleattendingconferencesandmanyothers.
To have marketable andsaleable products,artisans/artistsandmanufacturersmustknowtheir
consumersandtheirpreferencesintermsof color,style,size,andquantity.Itisalsohelpful toknow
theirinterestsandneeds.Theymustbe creative,andadoptnew designtrendsfortheirproductstobe
competitiveinthe market.
Craft artisansandentrepreneursmustadoptnew marketingstrategiestoreachtheir
consumers.Specificsellingstrategiestoreachtheirconsumers.Specificsellingstrategiesinclude
focusingoncustomerservice suchasofferingfree delivery,repairandretouchservices,andspecial
promotions.
It isimportantfirstto make a studyof the businessandthe industry.Analysisof the strengths,
weaknesses,opportunities,andthreats,orthe SWOT analysismaybe consideredwhenthinkingof a
business.

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1.3.3 Types/sourcesof innovative finishingmaterials,accessories,anddesigns
Aside fromconductingasurveyforthe latesttrendsand customers’preferencesof finished
products,you must alsoknowthe typesor sourcesof innovative finishingmaterials,accessories,and
designsthatyoucan applyto your products.
These materialsare usedtobeautify,decorate,andimprove the qualityof finishedproducts.
1. Finishingmaterials thatare usedtosmoothenthe productsbefore decorating.Examplevarnish
2. Coloredpapertwinesandribboncloth are used indecoratingandwrapping products.
3. Beadsand charms are small accessoriesof differentcolorsusedtomake productsattractive.
4. Abaca and sinamayfibersare paper-thinlocallymade materialsusedforwrappingorpackaging
purposes.
1.3.4 Processesin enhancing/decoratingfinishedproducts
Thoughit issaidthat Filipinosare bestknownfortheircreative mindsandhands,newtrendsin
the market,and emergingstrategiesandtechniquesmustbe exploredtoallow local productsto
compete inthe global market.
LET’S ANSWER
Answerthe followingquestions:
1. What are the products made of wood,metal,preferredbycraftbuyers?
2. Why doartisansand entrepreneursneedtobe aware andupdatedonnew and innovative
methodsof enhancinganddecorating wood,bamboo,andmetal craft?
3. What are some of the finishingmaterialsthatcanenhance finishedproductsmade of wood,
bambooand metal?
LET’S REMEMBER
 Enhancingwood,metal,andbambooproductsintobecomingunique andattractive isanother
jobthat you can do especiallyif theseproductsare tobe marketedtobecome analternative
source of income.
 Conductingasimple surveyisimportanttodeterminethe markettrends,customer’spreference
of productsandtypesof innovativefinishingmaterialsaccessoriesanddesigns.
REINFORCEMENT
A. Form a groupof five members.Visitdifferenthandicraft orfurniture shops.Researchandsurvey
the followinginformation.
1. Customerpreference intermsof:
a. Type of product
b. Material
c. Finishing
2. Market Trends (Saleable products)
a. Bamboo
b. Wood
c. Metal

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3. Types/Sourcesof innovativefinishing,materials,accessories,anddesignsused.
4. Processesof enhancingand decoratingfinishedproducts.
B. Make a writtenreport of the survey.
C. Presentoutputs inclassforevaluationandrevision.
REFERENCES:
Home Economicsand livelihoodEducationbyJosephine C.Bernardinoet.al
The Basics of BetterLiving6 by Ruth A.Arsenue et.al

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LESSON 3 EFFECTS OF INNOVATIVEFINISHING MATERIALS AND CREATIVE ACCESSORIES ON THE
MARKETABILITY OF PRODUCTS
Learning Competencies: Code : TLE6IA-0c-3
1.4 Discussesthe effectsof innovative finishingmaterialsandcreative accessoriesonthe marketability
of products
1.5 Enhancesbamboo,wood,metal,andotherfinishedproductsthroughsketching,shading,and
outlining
1.4 Effects of innovative finishingmaterialsandcreative accessorieson the marketabilityof finished
products
You musthave a deepknowledgeof yourproductand the productsof yourcompetitor
entrepreneurssothatyouwill alwaysstrive tobe differentandunique. People tendtogetboredornot
interestedinbuyingthe same productswithoutinnovations.Youmustknow the strengthsand
weaknessesof yourproducts.
A productis onlyexpectedtobe saleable ata certainperiodof time butthiscouldbe prevented
if some strategiesandmethodswillbe appliedinenhancinganddecoratingproducts.You mustnever
stopinventingnewandbetterwaystoenhance ourproductsfor the businesstokeepgoing. Youhave to
deliverqualityandmarketableproductsforthe satisfactionof yourcustomers.
1.5 Enhancing bamboo, wood, metal,and otherfinishedproductsthrough sketching,shadingand
outlining
A gooddesignmustbe enhancedmore tobe attractive to customers.Asyouhave learnedthe
techniquesinsketching,outlining,andshadingingrade 4,you will now be able toapplythese in
enhancingyourfinishedproducts.
1. Sketchfirstyourproduct and follow itwithanoutline.Example,draw abamboovase.
2. Applythe decorationsbydrawingthe detailsandstartshadingthe product.Forthe bamboo
vase,addflowersorleavesoneachcontainerandadd beads.
3. Finishshadingthe restof the productto see the results.
LET’S ANSWER
1. What isthe effectof enhancinganddecorating wood,bamboo,andmetal finishedproducts?
2. Whendo we innovate products?
3. What materialscanwe use to innovate ourproducts?
4. Why dowe needtodo sketching,outlining,andshadingbefore decoratingfinishedproducts?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
In a piece of bondpaper,enhance afinishedproductusingsketching, outliningandshading.
LET’S REMEMBER
Finished productsshouldbe enhancedfirstthroughsketching,outliningandshadingbefore application
to have an ideahowsuch looks like whenfinished.

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REINFORCEMENT
In groups,visitahandicraftor furniture shop.Observe theirstyle inenhancingtheirproductstomake
themmore attractive and unique.Make awrittenreportof your observationandreportitto class.
REFERENCES:

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LESSON 4 CONSTRUCTING A PROJECT PLAN
Learning Competencies : Code TLE6IA-0d-6
1.6 Constructs project plan
1.6.1 Considersdeliberate policiesonsustainable developmentinconstructingaprojectplan
1.6.2 Demonstratesresourcefulnessandmanagementskillsinthe use of time,materials,
money,andeffort
1.6.3 Assessthe qualityof enhancedproductusingrubrics
1.6.4 Refinesproductbasedonassessmentmade
Lessonobjectives:
Considerdeliberatepoliciesonsustainable developmentinconstructingaprojectplan
Demonstrate resourcefulnessandmanagementskillsinthe use of time,materials,moneyandeffort
Constructa projectplanforenhancingfinishedproduct
Assessthe qualityof enhancedproductusingrubrics
Refinesproductbasedonassessmentmade
Constructa projectplanforenhancingfinishedproduct
LET’S BE INFORMED
Beingable touse materialswiselywillsave time ,moneyandeffort.Moreover,if youknowhow
to reuse andconvertoldmaterialsintonew andinnovative products,youcanalsoearn additional
income.Doyou knowthatsome people became millionairesbysellingsurplusmaterialsorbuyingand
sellingthriftshopitems?Whatisconsideredasone man’swaste, maystill be usefultoanotherperson.
All youneedisdiligence,perseverance,andalot of creativityandresourcefulness,tohelpyoucome up
witha project.
Workingon a projectwithcareful planningcombinedwith diligentresearchanddevelopment
efforts notonlypreventswastage butalsoensure the product’smarketabilityandsaleability.
Thislessonwill guidethe studentthroughthe processof constructingaproject.
1.6 Constructs project plan
1.6.1 Sustainable developmentandyour project
Sustainable developmentmeansimprovingthe people’swelfare notonlythe presentbutalsofuture
generations. Whenvaluablenatural resourcesare usedforaproject,there isalwaysthe underlying
issue of sustainable development.
A responsible memberof the communitymustalwaysensure thathisorher actionsdoesnot
undermine humanityandthe environment.Assuchhe or she must ensure that:
 Environmental integrityismaintainedandthatthe healthandsecurityof othersinthe
communityandthe life-sustainingecosystemsare ensured.
 Social equityisnotcompromisedandthatthe developmentof communitiesandrespectfor
diversityare ensured.
 Economicefficiencyispursuedhandinhandwithecological andsocial responsibility.
Health and safety measures
It isimportantto knowthe necessaryprecautionsinordertohave successful projectmaking.
 Focuson the task.

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 Use workingclothesorwearan apron.Make sure you wearsomethingcomfortable tomake it
easiertomove aroundand performthe task.
 Prepare all materials,tools,andequipmentrequiredbefore startingthe project.
 Place the equipmentbeyondthe reachof youngerchildrenandkeepyourthingsorderly.
 Readand followcarefullyinstructionsonthe use of chemicals.
 Use safe gogglestoprotectthe eyesfromharsh chemicals.
 Use appropriate toolsforthe task.
 Avoidleavingthe containersof glue,varnish,rugby,andotherliquidsuncovered.
 Be careful inhandlingsharpobjectsinordertoavoidinjury.
 Cleanandkeepthe toolsandequipmentintheirproperstorage afterusingthem.
 Cleanwashyourhands afterworking.
 If everyou gethurt or injured,immediatelyinformthe teachersothatyou can be givenfirstaid
treatment.
1.6.2 Resourcefulnessandmanagementskillsinthe use oftime,materials, money,and effort
In planningyourprojectforfinishedproductsyoumustknow how tobe resourceful in usingtime,
materials,moneyandeffort.
A. Time
Manage time effectivelytoachieve goals.
There are some tipsinmanagingtime:
1. Group similartaskssothat it can be accomplishedatthe same time.Learnto organize your
tasks.Prioritize yourtaskstobe done and be faithful todeadlinesset.
2. Keep a journal andmake a listof whatneedstobe accomplishedforaday,a week,ora
month.
3. Delegate some taskstoothers,a goodmangerdelegates.Share responsibilitiessoothers
may learn.Youmay make a work schedule forall personsinvolved.
B. Money
One of the mostimportantthingsinrunninga businessismanagingmoneyorfinanceswell.You
have to make sure that moneyismanagedeffectively.
1. Buy cheapbut durable materialsforthe products.
2. Do not overspendformaterials,resources,etc.Budgetandallocate yourfundsefficiently.
3. Setyour budgetsearly. Thiswill preventspendingmore thanwhatyouhave to.
4. Keepaccurate recordsof all transactions.Keepall receipts.
5. Be preparedforunexpectedexpenses.Reserve fundsforsuch,orsave.
Preparinga project plan for finishedproducts
In preparingaprojectplanfor enhancing the finishedproduct,considerthe drawingof the
productto be enhancedasa guide.Youmustmake sure that the policiesof sustainabledevelopment
are followedinmakingthe project.Wise managementof resourcesandskillsshouldbe implemented.
The followingisanexample of aprojectplaninenhancingafinishedproduct.
SAMPLE PROJECT PLAN
I. Name ofthe Project: Decoupage Wooden JewelryBox
II. Objectives
1. Use appropriate materialsandtools.
2. Followthe correctprocedure inenhancingajewelrybox.

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3. Produce an enhancedjewelrybox withgoodquality.
III. Materialsand Tools
A. Materials
Quantity Materials Unit Cost Total Cost
1 piece Woodenjewelrybox 80.00 80.00
1 bottle Glue 45.00 45.00
1 can paint 66.00 66.00
1 pack Assortedscrapbook
papers
90.00 90.00
1 set Stickers 50.00 50.00
TOTAL 331.00
B. Tools
1. Paintbrush
2. Cutteror scissors
3. Ruler
4. Sandpaper
IV. Designor Sketch
Before After
V. Procedure
1. Smoothenthe jewelrybox usingasandpaper.
2. Paintthe edges,drawerknobs,andinside drawersof the jewelrybox usingbrushand
paint.
3. Place scrapbookpapersas decoupage decorationsonthe boxesof the jewelrybox.Cut
the paperswithinthe same size of the drawersleavinga2 to 3 mm gap of allowance to
make the paintededgesvisible.Use acutter to create to create a hole inthe knobsof
the drawers.
4. Glue the scrapbook paperson the drawers.
5. Addstickersas decorationsonthe drawers.
6. Polishthe jewelrybox byapplyingcombinationof glue andwater. A finishingtopcoat
can alsobe used.
7. Let itdry.
VI. Evaluation
Criteria Excellent
10
Good
8
Fair
6
Score
Procedure in
product
enhancement
The procedures
inenhancingthe
productare
followed
excellently
The procedure
inenhancingthe
productare
followedbuthas
unpolishedparts
The procedure
inenhancingthe
productare not
followed
Creative design The product
enhanced isvery
attractive and
creative
The product
enhancedidwell
made
The product
enhancedis
simple
Resourcefulness Wise Wise Wise

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and management
skills
managementof
resourcesis
excellentlyused
inmakingthe
project
managementof
resourcesis
usedwell in
makingthe
project
managementof
resourcesisnot
usedinthis
project
Product
enhancement
The product is
excellently
enhanced
The product is
createdwell
The product is
not enhancedto
be creative or
attractive
TOTAL
LET’S EXPLAIN
1. What are the healthandsafetymeasures tobe observedinenhancingfinishedproducts?
2. What are the pointersonhow to manage moneyresourcesinenhancingafinishedproduct.
3. How domanage time?
4. Identifythe partsof a projectplan.
LET’S DO TOGETHER
A. Constructa projectplanusingthe formatabouta finishedproductthatyouwantto enhance or
decorate.Presentyourworktothe class.
B.
C. Write True onthe line if the statementiscorrect.Write False if itisincorrect.
_____ 1. Sustainable developmentmeansimprovingthe people’swelfare notonlyonthe
presentbutforfuture generations.
_____ 2. Spendexcessivelyonmaterialsandaccessoriesforyourproject.There isnoneedto
budgetfunds.
_____ 3. In makinga projectplan,forenhancinga finishedproduct,asketchor drawingof a
productis not necessary.
LET’S REMEMBER
In constructinga projectplanforyour finishedproducts,the followingmustbe considered:
sustainable development,wise managementof resources,assessmentof the quality,andproduct
refinement.
REINFORCEMENT
Finishedprojectenrichment
Bringthe following:
Sample finishedproduct
Decorations
Othermaterials
1.6.3 Assessthe quality of enhanced products using rubrics (use rubric in the projectplan)
1.6.4 Refine product based on assessmentmade
Give suggestions/commentsbasedonassessmentmade.
REFERENCES:

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LESSON 5 MARKETING PRODUCTS
Learning Competencies: Code TLE6IA-0e-7
1.7 Markets products
1.7.1 Appliescreativepackagingandlabellingtechniques
1.7.2 Appliestechnology-assistedandothermeansof productmarketing
1.7.3 Computesincome fromsales
1.7.4 Preparesplansformassproductionor creatingnew product
LessonObjectives:
Applycreative packagingandlabellingtechniques
Applytechnology-assistedandothermeansof productmarketing
Computesincome fromsales
Preparesplansformassproductionor creatingnew product
LET’S BE INFORMED
1.7.1 Creative packaging and labellingtechniques
Everyproduct thatis available inthe markethasitsowndistinctpackagingandlabelling.
Packagingandlabellingare importantbecause theyaddtothe marketabilityof the product.
In orderto succeedinthe market,yourproduct mustbe competitive. Mostcompanies invest
time,effort,andresourcesontheirproduct’spackagingandlabelling,toensure thattheyare designed
appropriatelyandthattheyare attractive and distinct.
Packagingandlabellingare usuallyconsideredapartof the overall “marketingstrategy”to
furtherpromote the product.
The three most importantfunctionsof packagingare:
 Containandprotect the product
 Promote the product
 Facilitate the storage,use,andconvenience of product.

Labelling,onthe otherhand,serve the dual purpose:
 Providingthe necessaryinformationaboutthe productsuchas itscontents,features,
instructionsasto itsusage, andmanufacturinginformation
 Promotingthe productwiththe use of branding,andattractive,colourful marks.
1.7.2 Technology–assistedand othermeans of product marketing
The followingare the appropriate marketingstrategiesthatcanbe appliedinsellingenhanced
or decoratedfinishedproducts.
1. Print Media.Finishedproductscanbe marketedinprintadvertisementssuchasnewsmakers,
magazines,brochures,andflyers.
2. Product display.Finishedproductscanbe displayedandsoldinexhibits,marketsandbazaars.
3. Internetmarketing. Thisispromotingthe finishedproductsthroughthe internet,e-mail,and
social networkingsites.Consumersnowadaysspendmostof theirtime surfingthe Internet.
Giventhe situation,entrepreneursspecificallyuse varioussocial networkingsitessuchas
FacebookandInstagramand otherwebsites(e.g.OLXPhilippines,Ayosditto,Sulit)or

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applications(e,g.Viber,FacebookMessenger) toreachtheirconsumers.Withthe helpof these
websitesandapplications,entrepreneursare able topostpicturesof theirproductsforfree by
makinga personal account.Transactionsbetweenthe buyerandsellermaybe done usingchat,
call,or text.
1.7.3 Computesincome from sales
Computingfor earnings
A personor groupwhoventuresintobusinesshasone ultimate goal:toearnprofit.The continued
existence of the businessishighlydependentonthe followingfactors:
 Abilitytosell productsand/orservicesand
 Abilitytokeepoperatingcostsandexpensesdownwhile maintaining the qualityof
merchandize.
The formula for computingbusinessprofitisasfollows:
Profit= Sales-Expenses
Profitisthe amountearnedfrom the salesof products and/orservicesafteroperatingcosts and
expenseshave beendeducted.Salesisthe amountof moneyreceivedfromthe customerinexchange
for the productand/or service providedandsold.Expensesinclude the amountspenttoproduce the
productor undertake the service includingthe costof:
 Materialsandequipment
 Labor
 Packagingandlabelling
 Marketingand promotions
 Damage to goodsand spoilage
 Utilities( electricity,water,transportation,telephone,internet,etc)
 Otherexpenses
Sample computation
For example,youwanttomake a basicmedicine cabinetandyoudecidedtosell itwith a40%
mark-upinadditiontoyour capital or cost of expenses.
Materials Cost
Wood (PaloChina1x5x10 ft) 160.00
Sand paper(5 pcs/10 each) 50.00
Nails(2” size-100.00/k) 50.00
Varnish(1 bottle) 40.00
Paintbrush 20.00
Labor 25.00
Utilities 100.00
Total 445.00
Cost of Items:445.00
Mark-up: 40%
445.00 x 0.4 = 178.00 ( Mark –up)
SellingPrice =445.00 + 178.00 = 623.00
No.of Cabinetssold=10

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Sales 6,230.00
Cost - 4,450.00
Profit 1,780.00
1.7.4 Planningfor Mass Production or Creating a New Product
A planinstartingto create new productsor increasingvolumeof productionmustbe done toguide
youin achieving yourgoals.The planwill helpinmonitoring andevaluatingthe progressof your
businessandsee if itispossible forexpansionortocreate anotherproduct.Below are planningideas
that youcan dofor yourproducts.
1. Productplanning- enhancement,packaging,anddistributionorselling.Itincludesadaptingto
currenttrends.
2. Budgetor financial planning- developingeffectivestrategiesinmanagingcapital orfunds.
3. Marketingplanning- areview onthe currentmarketsituationsthe capacityof the targetmarket
to buythe products.The promotionof the productshouldbe considered.
LET’S ANSWER
1. Why islabellingandpackagingof productsimportant?
2. What are the appropriate marketingstrategiesthatcanbe appliedinsellingenhancedor
decorated finishedproducts?
3. How dowe compute forthe profit?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
Giventhe salesandcost of expenses,compute forthe profit.
1. Sales520.00
Cost of Expenses350.00
2. Sales750.00
Cost of Expenses520.00
LET’S REMEMBER
You mustknowhowto package,label,andmarketyourfinishedproductstoearngoodincome andhave
betterperformance inyourbusiness.
REINFORCEMENT
Compute forthe amountof profitthe given mark-up.
Amount Mark-up
1. 120.00 20%
2. 430.00 5%
3. 650.00 15%
4. 480.00 10%
5. 250.00 50%

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UNIT 2 PRODUCTIONAND REPAIR OF SIMPLE ELECTRICAL GADGETS
CODE TLE6IA - 0f – 8
CONTENT STANDARD
Demonstratesanunderstanding andskillsinmakingsimple electrical gadgets
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
Constructssimple gadgetswithease anddexterity
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
2.6 Constructsimple electrical gadgets
2.6.1 Identifiesthe materialsand toolsneededinmakingsimple electrical gadgets.
2.6.2 Identifiessimpleelectrical gadgetsandtheiruses(extensioncord,doorbell,plugs,
lampshades,etc)
2.6.3 Observessafetyandhealthpracticesinmakinggadgets
LESSON 6 CONSTRUCTING SIMPLEELECTRICAL GADGETS
LessonObjectives
Identifythe toolsandmaterialsneededinmakingsimple electrical gadgets.
Identifysimple electrical gadgetsandtheiruses.
Observe safetyandhealthpracticesinmakinggadgets
LET’S BE INFORMED
Thislessonwill discussthe differenttoolsandmaterialsusedinconstructingsimpleelectrical
gadgetsand theirusesare alsoidentified.Proper safetyandhealthpracticesinmakingthese gadgets
will be observed.
Tools and Materials NeededinMakingSimple Electrical Gadgets
Toolsand othermaterialsare veryimportantformakingandtroubleshootingelectrical gadgets.
The followingare some of the basictoolsandmaterialsusedinmakingsimple electrical gadgets:
1. Pliers,suchas longnosed and side- cuttingpliers,are usedtohold,bend,cut,andtwistobjects
and wires.
Long nosedpliers

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Side cuttingpliers
2. Screwdrivers,suchas flat-headandphilips-headscrewdrivers,are usedtodrive andremove
screws.
Flatheadscrew driver

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Phillipsscrew driver
3. Wire stripperisusedto remove insulationof wiresfromgauge.

114
4. Hammer is usedtopull and drive outnails.
ClawHammer
Ball peenHammer

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5. Electric drill isusedtodriftholesonhandmaterials.
6. Solderingtools, such as soldering gunandsolderingiron,are usedtomake splicesandtap
connectionsof wires.
Solderinggun

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Solderingiron
7. Cablesand wires are the commonmaterialsneededinmakingelectrical

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8. Electrical Tape isusedto protectelectricwiringforinsulation.
9. Male plug isa device insertedinasocketto make an electrical connection.
Simple Electrical Gadgetsand theirUses
Anyone whoisinterestedtoconstructsimple electrical devicesmayfinditchallengingandworththe
effortandexperience.Readingaboutelectricityandelectrical gadgetsonmagazines,books,andthe
internetmayhelp youtoconstruct these cool gadgets.Learningthe skillsisbeneficial asitpreparesyou
to explore,discover,make things,andbe globallycompetitive.

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Beloware some examplesof electrical gadgetsyoumayfindinterestingandeasytoconstructwiththeir
uses.
1. An extensioncord isan electrical gadget
that islongerthanan ordinarycord.It has
a male plugat one endand a receptacle at
the other.It isusedto accommodate extra
electrical devicesneedingelectricsupply.
2. A lampshade is a type of fixture that
coversa lightbulbto diffuse emittedlight.
Thisis usuallyplacedinthe livingroomor
bedroom.

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3. A doorbell isa device usuallyplacedatthe
door that givesoff areverberatingsound
whenturnedon.
Safety and Health Practices in MakingGadgets
Many accidentshappenatwork involvingelectricshocksandburns.Faultyelectrical wiringscanalso
leadto fires,injuriesandmustworst,lossof life,equipment,andproperty.
Thislessonwill give youinformationonhow toreduce the riskand some remindersonbasicelectrical
safetyandmore securedworkingpractices.
Here are some safety rulesto follow:
 Neverruninthe shopto avoidslipping,falling,orbumpingintootherswhoare workingwith
sharp tools.
 Wear face shield,goggles,orsafetyglasseswhileworking.
 Neverholdaprojectin yourfingers.Use clamp,drill pressvise,orplierstoholdit.
 Do not attemptto operate amachine or gadgetif you donot know how to use it properly.Ask
helpor assistance fromyourparentsor teacher.
 Reportuntowardincidentslikeaccidentorinjurytothe properauthority.
 All electrical equipmentandinstallations mustbe checkedandmaintainedalwaystoprevent
accident.
 Provide enoughsockets-outletsforequipmentinuse andavoidoverloadingthemtoprevent
fire.
 Provide anaccessible switchwithemergency OFFbuttonneara fixedequipmenttocutoff
powerinan emergency.
 Keepall cordsaway fromareas where waterispresent.
 Make ita habitto turn off electricgadgetsandequipmentwhennotinuse.
 Neverallowelectricwirestorunundercarpetswhere theycannotbe seenbecause of tripping
hazards.
 Pull the plugandnot the cord from an outlet.
 Make sure to workin a well-lightedarea.
 Use glovesandappropriate safetyfootwearwhenusingelectrictools.
 Keepcordsaway fromheat,oil,andsharp edges.
LET’S EXPLAIN
1. What are the hand tools andmaterials thatcan be usedwhenworkingonan electrical gadget?
2. Whendo we use extensioncords?
3. Why dowe use lampshades?

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4. Why dowe install doorbellsinourhouses?
5. Give and explainthe safetypracticesindoingelectrical gadgets.
LET’S DO TOGETHER
A. Identify the toolsandmaterialsusedinmakingelectrical gadgets.
Postor flashthe picturesor raise actual toolsandmaterials.
1. Long nose pliers
2. Side cuttingpliers
3. Flatheadscrewdriver
4. Philipsscrewdriver
5. Clawhammer
6. Ball peenHammer
7. Electricdrill
8. Solderinggun
9. Solderingiron
10. ElectricDrill
11. Cable wire
12. Electrical tape
13. Male plug
B. Demonstrationandre-demonstrationonthe safetyandhealthpractices.
LET’S REMEMBER
Toolsand materialsinmakingsimplegadgetsmustbe identified tounderstandtheirfunctionsbetter.
Alwaysobserve strictlysafetyandhealthpracticeswhile atwork.
Use appropriate tools,materials,andPPE(Pesonal Protective Equipment) while working.
Make sure that toolsand equipmentare keptclean,properlymaintained,andstoredina safe place.
REINFORCEMENT
Thinkof electrical gadgetsthatare useful andeasyto construct.Submit yourlistto the teacher.
References:
The Basics of BetterFamilyLiving6 byGloria A.Peralta,Ed.D.,et.al
Home Economicsand LivelihoodEducationbyJosephine C.Bernardino,et.al

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LESSON 7 PROTOCOLS (PROCESSES) INMAKING ELECTRICAL GADGETS
LEARNING COMPETENCY CODE TLE6IA-0g - 9
2.7 Explainsthe protocols(processes)inmakingelectrical gadgets.
Learning Objectives:
Explainthe processesinmakingextensioncord,lampshade,doorbell andplug.
Constructsimple electrical gadget.
LET’S BE INFORMED
ProcessinMaking Electrical Gadgets
Before makingsimpleelectrical gadgets,youshouldknow the followingprotocolsin makingaplan.The
tipsbelowwill giveyouanideaonwhat to do.
1. Firstget an idea.Findoutwhatyou wouldlike tocreate andplanon it.
2. Buy parts.Whenyou have the idea,buyall the materialsneededforthe electrical gadgetyou
wantto assemble.
3. Seekhelpandadvice fromthose whoalreadyhave the skills.Askyourfamilymembersoryour
electrician.Thiscanbe a good projectforyouto work on.
How to Make Simple Gadgets
Readthe instructionscarefully.
Extensioncords are veryuseful athome since theygive additional poweroutletswhere theyare
needed.Theyalsoallow youtomove more freelywiththe gadgetinsteadof beingconfinednearthe
mainpowersource.Here’showtomake one:
ExtensionCord
Materials:
 Electrical wire ( dependingonyour desiredlength)
 Outlet
 Plug
 Hand tools( screwdriver,pliers,andutilityknifeorcutter)
Procedure:
1. Take one endof your electrical wire andslice throughthe outercoveringtoreveal thinnerwires.
Be careful when peeling off the covering so you do not damage the individual wires inside
(separate the wire tocreate twodifferentwiresthatwill be connectedtothe plug).Dothe same
on the other end of the wire.
2. Get the main plug. Using the screw driver, take off the screw to loosen each of the terminals.
3. Put the wire into the two terminals and tighten it with the screw. Do not forget to cover the
plug.
4. Get the outlet.Loosenthe screw toopenit.Get the wire separatedintwoand connected to the
terminals.
5. Close the outlet and screw it tightly.

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Doorbellsare essentialathome since itisa tool thatcommunicatestothe ownerthat there issomeone
at the door.
Doorbell
Materials:
 Electrical tape
 Scissors
 Wire strippers
 9-voltbatterysnap
 Pushbuttonswitch
 Buzzer
 Electricwire spool
 Ruler
Procedure:
1. Twistthe endsof the blackand redwinesof the 9-voltbatterysnapbetweenyourfingers.Insert
the exposedendof the redwire throughone of the two contact holesatthe bottomof the push
button switch. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around the contact.
2. Insertthe exposedendof the blackwire throughone of the two contact holes on the bottom of
the buzzer. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around the contact.
3. Cut a 10-inch stripof electricwire fromthe electricwire spool with the scissors. Strip an inch of
insulation off each end of the electric wire with the wire steppers.
4. Twistthe exposedendsof the electricwire betweenyourfingers.Insertone of the two exposed
endsof the electricwire throughthe remaining contact hole on the bottom of the push button
switch. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around the contact hole on the bottom of the push
button switch. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around the contact.
5. Insert the other exposed end of the electric wire through the remaining contact hole on the
bottom of the buzzer. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around the contact.
6. Insertthe 9-voltbatterysnap.Pressthe pushbuttonto soundthe buzzer of the simple doorbell
you have made.
Plugsare devicesthatconnectto the primarypowersupply.Everygadgetorelectrical equipmenthasa
plugto connectto the powersource.However,there are differenttypesof plugs.Follow thesestepsto
make a three-pointplug.
Plug
Materials:
 New3 pointplug
 PhilipsHeadScrewdriver
 Wire strippers
 Pliersorwire cutters
Procedure:
1. Remove the screwof the plugto openthe cap and loosen(butdonot remove) the otherscrews.
2. Usingthe pliers,removethe outersheetof the wire andcarefullyreleasethe innerwire.Make
sure not to cut the innerwires.
3. Readthe label inthe plugtoknow what colorsto connecton the terminal.

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4. Cut againthe outersheetsof the wire to release the copper wiresinside.Once released,twist
themlightlytogetheruntil compressed. Make sure thatthere are no loose copperwiresasit
may cause problems.
5. Insertthe individualwiresintoitsproperpositioninthe terminals.Putthe firstwire inthe first
terminal andscrewit.Do the same inthe otherwires,makingsure thatthere are no loose or
exposedcopperwires.
6. Double checkif the wireswere fullyassembled.Putthe clampat the endof the plugand screw
it to ensure thatwiresstayinplace.
7. Finally,putthe coverof the plugand screw it firmly.
Lampshades provide illuminationtosmall potsinthe house. Itisusuallyfoundinsidethe bedroomand
livingroom.Thoughthere are variousdesignsandstrategiestomake one,followingisasimple
procedure youcan follow.
Lampshade
Materials:
 Electrical wire (dependingonyour desiredlength)
 Plug
 Hand tools(screwdriver,pliers,andutilityknifeorcutter)
 Bulbwithsocket.
Procedure:
1. Use the materialsforan extensioncord.
2. Insteadof usingan outlet,use abulbwithsocket.
3. Attach thisto a woodenlampshade.
LET’S EXPLAIN
How can learningtoconstructelectrical gadgetsanddeviceshelpgenerateadditional income forthe
family?
Whichof the givengadgetsdoyoulike tomake?
What are the materialsneeded?
How are you goingto do it?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
Prepare a projectplanfora gadgetof your choice.
LET’S REMEMBER
Learningto constructsimple gadgetsallowsyouthe opportunitytogenerate additional incomeforthe
family.
It alsohelpsthe familysave onunnecessaryexpenses.

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REINFORCEMENT
Construction of an ExtensionCord
Bringthe following:
5 meterselectrical wire
Outlet
Plug
Hand tools( screw driver,pliers,andutilityknife orcutter)
References:
Home Economicsand LivelihoodEducationbyJosephineC.Bernardino,et.al

125
UNIT 3 REPAIR OF SIMPLE GADGETS/FURNITURES/FURNISHINGSAT HOME AND SCHOOL
ContentStandard
Demonstratesanunderstandingof andskillsinrepairingsimple gadgets/furnitures/furnishingsathome
and school.
Makes simple repairswitheaseanddexterity.
Learning Competencies CODE TLE 6IA-0h-10
3.1 Repairssimple gadgets/furniture/furnishingsathome andschool
3.1.1 Gathersdata on how to do simple repairsusingtechnologyorothermethods
3.1.2 Repairsbrokenfurniture (chairs,cabinets,andtables),doorknobs,extensioncords,lamp
shadesandotherproducts
3.1.3 Assessesrepairedgadgets/furniture/furnishingasto itsreusabilityandfunctionalityusing
rubrics
3.1.4 Improvesrepairundertaken
LESSON 8 REPAIRING SIMPLE GADGETS AND FURNITURE
LessonObjectives:
Gather data onhow to dosimple repairsusingtechnologyorothermethods
Repairbrokenfurniture,chairs,cabinets,andtables),doorknobs,extensioncords,lampshadesand
otherproducts
Assessrepairedgadgets/furniture/furnishingsastoits reusabilityandfunctionalityusingrubrics.
LET’S BE INFORMED
Thislesson will discussthe stepbystepprocessinrepairingsimplegadgetsandfurniture.Inaddition,it
will alsoprovide safetyandprecautionarymeasurestopreventaccidentsandinjurywhiledoingrepair
work.
Knowinghowtomake simple repairswillnotonlysave youthe addedcostof payinga repairman,itwill
alsoprovide anopportunityfrcaringadditional income.
RepairingSimple Gadgets
 Worn out wires
1. Remove the plugof the appliance outof the electrical outletorsocket.
2. Cut outthe wornout part and scrape the outercoveringof both endsbyabouthalf an inch.
3. Connectthe twolinesbytwistingthemtogether.
4. Coverthe twistedwireswithelectrical tape.
 Worn out plug
1. Take off the plugoutof the cord or cut the wire.Separate the cordand scrape the insulation
or coveringbyabout an inch.
2. Openthe newplug.
3. Twistthe wire ina clockwise directionandsecure itwithascrew.Replace the insulating
disk.

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RepairingLamp Shade
Nowthat youknowthe basics inreplacingdefective wiresandplugs,youcanlearnhow to repaira lamp
shade.Youmighthave an old lampshade thatyou do notwant to throw away.You can give ita newlife.
There are twooptionsthatwe can choose from.One isto replace the defectivepartsor
purchase the universal lampkitfromalocal home improvementstore.
Safety Tips
1. Make sure there isno powerinthe lightfixture thatyouare workingon.
2. Use woodenorfiberglassladders.Aluminumandmetal laddersmightconductelectricity.
3. Use toolswithinsulatedhandles.
4. Use the properwattage for yourlampor lightfixture.A bulbwithveryhighwattage may
overheat.
5. Don’ttouch metal pipeswhile youare doingelectrical repairs.
6. Wear rubber-soledshoesorstandona dry rubbermat or woodenboardsif the flooriswet.
Repairingfurniture and furnishings
Here are otherbasicfurniture repairthatcan be undertakenathome andin school:
How to loosenstickingdrawers or cabinets
1. Loosenwithlightcleaningandlubrication.
2. Use ordinarysoapon the sides,slides,andbottomside railsfor wood.
3. For the kitchenandbathroom, where there ismoisture,asoapsolutioncanbe usedbutfor a
short periodof time only.
4. Rubbinga candle onthe railingcan alsoloosenthe drawerorcabinet.
5. For metals,applyingWD-40usuallyworks.Putsome newspapersfirstonthe floorbefore
sprayingthe solution.
Removingstains from wood furniture
The most commontype of stain isa white ring on resultingfromawetglassbottomplacedon
top of the table.Rubbingitwitha softrag moistenedlightlywithmineral spiritsoftendoesthe trick.Do
thisina well-ventilatedarea.If the rubbedareaturnsdull,applya new coat of furniture wax.
Repairingwooden legsofchairs
1. Checkthe chair for loose nailsorscrews.
2. Replace the damagednail orscrew usinga hammeror screw driver.
3. Checkif the legsare of equal length.
Changingthe fabric of a seatcushion
1. Checkthe seat cushionif the fabric wasstapled.
2. Remove the staplesusingahammeror screw drivertoloosenthem.
3. Thenuse the old seatfabricas your patternforthe new fabric.
4. Cut the fabric
5. Thenstaple the newfabricto the seatcushion.
6. Foldthe fabricalongthe cornersto have a smoothfinish.

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AssessingRepairedFurniture and Furnishing
Anyfurniture mustbe checkedandassessedalways.
Rubric
Criteria Excellent
10
Good
8
Fair
6
Score
Materials Usedappropriate
and complete
materials
Usedappropriate
materialsbut
lackedone item
Used
inappropriate
materials
Procedure Followed
procedure
correctly
One stepwas not
appliedcorrectly
Didnot applytwo
stepscorrectly
Workmanship Repaireditemwas
attractive and
neatlydone
Repaireditemwas
attractive butnot
neatlydone
Repaireditemwas
not attractive and
not neatlydone
TOTAL
Improvementon Repairs Undertaken
Repairsundertakencanstill be improvedbyapplyingadditional designorfinishes.
Furniture Finishes
The word finish inwoodworkingusuallydescribes afinal surface treatmentthatnecessarilyprotectsthe
wood and enhancesitsappearance.The followingare the functionsof finishing.
1. Protection.The surface of the furniture isprotectedagainstdestructionssuchaswarping,
cracking,shrinkage,andswelling.
2. Decoration.The transparentfinishbringsoutthe natural beautyof the product,emphasizingthe
graintexture anditsbrilliantcolor.
3. Sanitation.A well-finishedproductcaneasilybe cleaned.
4. Saleability.Product’ssaleabilitydependsonthe pleasingfunctional designandattractive
appearance.
Types ofFinishes
1. Oil finishes .Thistype of finishesiseasytoapply.Examplesof oil finishesare linseedoil andtung
oil.Theydonot buildupto a thickcoat like varnish.Thus,itprovideslessprotectiontothe
finishedproduct.
2. Varnish. Itisthe mostcommonlyavailablefinishingmaterial inthe market.
3. Shellac.Itisnot as durable asvarnish.
4. Lacquer.Lacquer isusedmostofteninfurniture industriesbecauseof itsfast-dryingproperties.
5. Water-basedfinishes. These are basicallylatexpaintwithoutapigment.
Applicationof Finishes
1. Brush method.Appliedwithbrushratherthanwithrags.
2. Spray method.Usesspraygunin painting.
3. Dipcoating.Good for dippingwoodenchair’slegs.
4. Rollercoating.Thisissuitedforapplyingundercoats.

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LET’S ANSWER
1. How dowe repairworn out wiresandplug?
2. What safetyprecautionsshouldbe observedwhenrepairingelectricalgadgets?
3. What are the toolsneededindoingelectrical repairs?
4. How dowe repairwoodenlegsof chairs?
5. How dowe repairwoodenlegsof chairs?
6. How dowe change the fabricof a seatcover?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
Repairan oldextensioncordwithplug.
Re-demonstrationbysome pupilsafterthe demonstrationof the teacher.
LET’S REMEMBER
Knowinghowtomake simple repairscanhelpyousave money.
It isimportantto follow all safetyprecautionswhenundertakingrepairstoavoidaccidentsandinjury.
Finishingmaterialsare usedtoprotect,preserve,andbeautifyfurnitureandpreventthemfrombeing
soiledordamaged.
REINFORCEMENT
Bringan itemthat needsrepairandappropriate tools.
Reference:

129
UNIT 4 RECYCLING OF WASTE MATERIALS
ContentStandard
Demonstratesanunderstandingof andskillsinrecyclingwaste materials.
Recycleswaste materials following the principlesof “fiveS”
4.1 Discussesthe principlesof “five S” CODE TLE6IA-0i-11
4.1.1 Sorting(Seiri)
4.1.2 Straining(Seiton)
4.1.3 SystematicCleaning(Shine)(Seiso)
4.1.4 Standardizing(Seiketsu)
4.1.5 Service (Sustaining)Shitsuke)
4.2 Identifiesrecyclable products/waste materialsmade of wood,metal,paper,plasticandothers
CODE TLE6IA-0i-12
LESSON 9 PRINCIPLES OF “ 5 S”
LessonObjective:
Discussthe principlesof “five S”.
LET’S BE INFORMED
Waste managementneedseveryperson’sseriousattentionandactive participation.
Governmentandnon-governmentagencies aroundthe worldhave beenjoininghandstoinstitute
programsto addressthe global problemonwaste,anditsworseningeffecttothe environment.
Individualslivingwithinthe communityshouldcontributetheirshare inwaste managementefforts.
What can you doas an individual?
A methodorsystemof organizingthingsinthe workplace,knownas5Samong the Japanese,
can alsobe appliedtowaste management.5SmeansSeiri,Seiton,Seisou,Seiketsou,andShitsuke.
WhentranslatedtoEnglishitalsomeanssort, straighten,shine,standardize,andsustain. The objective
of 5S isto organize a space,sort, andstore itemsefficientlyandeffectivelysothatthingsare easyto find
whentheyare needed.
The Principlesof 5Scan be appliedathome,the classroom, aswell asinthe workplace.The
followingare the waysbywhichthe principlesof 5Sare applied.
 Sorting(Seiri) –Thisinvolvesdistinguishingthingsoritems inthe workareaand eliminatingthe
unnecessaryitems.
 Straighteningorsetinorder(Seiton)–Thisconcernsthe use of efficientandeffective storage
methodstoarrange itemsinthe workarea.This maybe done once the sortingisachieved.
 Shine orsystematiccleaning (Seiso) - Once the clutterhasbeenarrangedand organized,clean
the area. Cleaneverynow andthento maintainorderinthe workarea.
 Standardizing( Seiketsu)- Once the firstthree stepsare completed,youmaynow standardize
the methodor procedure used.Youmaycreate visual cuessuchas signs,checkliststhatyou
needformakingsure to successfullyimplementthe cleaningof the workarea.
 Sustaining(Shitsuke) -Make sure thatyoumaintainregularsorting,straightening,andcleaning.

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Recyclable Products or Waste Materials
Recyclingisanexcellentwayof savingenergyandconservingthe environment.Manythingsthrown
away can be recycledandturnedintonew products.Here are some materialsthatcan be recycled.
1. Wood
There are manyproductsthat can be producedfromrecycledwoodlike plantbox,chair,garden
accessories,woodenflooring, andgardendecks.
2. Metal
Aside fromwood,metalsare highlysaleable injunkshops.Companiesbuyusedcanstobe
recycledintometal packaging like containersforcannedgoods,drinks,andothermaterials.
Metalsare alsousedas cookingutensilsandhome accessoriesorfurniture.
3. Paper
Examplesof projectsthatare made fromrecycledpaperare papier-mache,paperflowers,gift
wrapper,paperbag or purse,journalsormemopad,jewelrybox,paperbeads, photoframe
and paperbasket.
4. Plastic
There are manywaysof reusingorrecyclingplastics.Itcan be made intowaterand plant
containers,deskorganizers,gardenlamps,etc. Thisisthe easiestwaste material torecycle.
5. Glass
There are manyprojectsthat can be producedoutof usedglasscontainersandbottles.
Examplesof these are glassbottle sandart,vases,organizers,containerforcondimentsforthe
interiorandexteriorpart of the house.
LET’S ANSWER
1. How can we contribute toproperwaste management?
2. What are the principlesof “five S”thatcan be appliedinwaste management?
3. Where can we applythese 5S?
4. How are these appliedinwaste management?
5. Do youthinkthisJapanese methodologyinwaste managementcanbe appliedinthe
Philippines?
6. What isrecycling?
7. Why dowe recycle waste materials?
8. Give examplesof waste thatcanbe recycled.
9. What productscan be producedoutof the mentionedwastematerials?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
A. In groups,doa demonstrationaboutthe principlesof 5S.Presentyourworkto the class.
Prepare rubricsforthese performance tasks.
B. Identifywhatisbeingaskedineachstatement.
________ 1. A methodologydevelopedinJapanthatisusedto organize aworkplace forworkto
be efficientandeffective.
_________2. A principle thatcanbe done inthe workarea afterit has beenclearedof
unneededitems.
_________3. This isa principle thatmeanscreatingspecifictasks,responsibilities,and
proceduresorrules.
__________4. The processof convertingwaste materialsintoreusable products.
__________5. Thisisa recyclable materialthatiseasyto recycle.

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LET’S REMEMBER
Waste managementisa seriousmatterthatneedsseriousattentionandactive participationof every
individual.
Effective waste managementhelpsaddressmanyenvironmental issuesand alsoopensopportunitiesfor
earningadditional income.
The principlesof 5Scan be appliedtofacilitate waste managementeffortsathome,inschool,andinthe
community.
Materialsnolongerinuse can be soldto recyclingshopsforextraincome.
Re-designoldmaterialsintoreusablenew products.
REINFORCEMENT
Bringrecyclable waste materials.
Recycle anyof the waste materialsintoauseful project.
Do thisin the school.
References:
The Basics of BetterFamilyLiving6 byGloria A.Peralta,Ed.D., et.al

132
LESSON 10 RECYCLING WASTE MATERIALS INTO FUNCTIONALITEMS
4.3 Explainsthe processandimportance of recycling CODE TLE6IA-0j-13
4.4 Recyclesthe identifiedproducts/waste material intofunctional item CODE TLE6IA-0j-14
LessonObjectives:
Explainthe processandthe importance of recycling
Recycle the identifiedproducts/wastematerial intofunctional items(bindingof usedpaperinto
notebookormemopad; bottledplasticinto lampshades,flowers,andplants)
LET’S BE INFORMED
It iseasyto throw awaysomethingandfeel gladthatyougot ridof itand will neversee again.Butsadto
say,it doesnotend here. The thingsyouthrow awaygo somewhere,usuallytodumpsitesorlandfills.
Some may endupin emptylots,rivers,andthe sea.
It isalso a realitythatyouare now livingina societywhere everythingisalmostdisposable.Youtendto
buynewthingsinsteadof gettingoldonesrepaired.Ithasbecome more convenienttothrowaway
items.Youstart to realize thatithas become a problemnotonlyforyoutodaybut for future
generations.
One of the bestwaysto manage trash isto recycle them. Recyclingis the conversionof oldandused
materialsintonewproducts.The keycomponenttoproperwaste managementisrecycling.
Processof Recycling
Materialsthat can be recycledare wood,glass,metal,paper,andplastic.Electronicwaste isconsidered
special waste like inkcartridges,cell phones,batteries,computers,andnon-functioningappliances.
Togetherwithplasticproducts,these are non-biodegradable wastessince theydo notdisintegrate or
rot. Biodegradablewaste suchasfoodand gardenwaste can be recycledthroughcomposting.
Collectionof waste materialscanbe done intwoways:
1. Bringwaste materialstocollectioncenterslike junkshopsorthe barangaywaste management
centerwhere there are separate containersfordifferenttypesof trash.
2. Pickup fromresidenceswhereeverybarangayhasaschedule of gardencollection.
Once materialsare collectedandsegregatedfromjunkshopsorinyourbarangaycenter,these
materialswill be sorted,cleaned,andreprocessedintonew materialssuchashandicraftprojectsorto
be used as rawmaterials formanufacturing.Everythingthatcomesfromnature can be returnedto
nature.
Importance of Recycling
Recyclingbringsaboutsomanybenefitslike:
 Employmentthroughlivelihoodproducts
 Helpingreduce pollutionandthe needforlandfills
 Helpingsave energybyreducingthe use of fuel inmanufacturingproducts
 Helpingfamiliessave moneybyreducingexpensesforbuyingnew products
 Helpingthe economythroughinvestmentsinlocal recyclingprograms.
 Helpingconserve andsustainthe use of natural resourcesforfuture generations.
 Bringingoutthe innovative skillsof individuals,and

133
 Promotingcommunityspiritthroughunityandcooperation
RecycledProjects
The followingare examplesof recycled projectswhereinwaste materialscanbe made intofunctional
items.
1. Scrap Paper Notepad
Materials:
Scrap papers
Binderclips
Glue
Paintbrush
Decorative scrappaper
Maskingor decorative tape
Procedure:
1. Foldintohalf at least40 sheetsof scrap paper.Cutpaperon foldedside.
2. Stock the pagesby liningupthe cutfoldedsidestogether.Dothisonan evensurface tobe
precise.
3. Withall pagesevenlylinedup,attachthe binderclipsonthe top and bottomedgesonthe cut
side of the paper.Lay it flaton the edge of the table and place a heavyobjectat the centernear
the cut edge to keeppagescompressed.
4. Applyglue evenlyoverthe cutedge thenletitdry.Repeatthis4-5 timesuntil youhave a coat of
clearglue that holdsthe edgestogether.
5. Remove the clipbindersonce the glue hasdriedcompletely.
6. Attach yourdecorative paper bygluingitacross the top of the notepad.
7. Attach the tape carefullyontopof the gluedarea.Decorate withstickers,labels,oranything
else

134
2. Desk Organizer
Materials:
6 emptyplasticbottles(1litersoftdrinksbottle)
Cutterand scissors
Decorative tape
Glue stickand glue gun
Procedure:
1. Cleanthe bottlesandletitdry.
2. Measure around2 ½ - 3 inchesfromthe base of the bottle goingupthenmarkit all around.
3. Cut the markedarea usinga sharpcutter. Setaside the upperpartof the bottle forfuture
recyclingprojects.
4. Smoothen the cutedgesusingscissors.
5. Coverall the edgeswithdecorative tape.
6. Glue togetherthe five receptaclesasseenbelow.
7. Decorate withstickers,labels,oranythingelse.

135
3. Tin Can Holder
Materials:
2-3 tincans
Scraps of cloth or scrap papers
Glue stickand glue gun
½ inchwide ribbon(colorshouldmatchthe clothor paper)
Procedure:
1. Remove the topcoverof the tincan andsmoothenthe cut edgesbyusinga small hammer.
2. Wash the can withsoap andwater andletit dry underthe heatof the sun.
3. Glue the clothor paperall aroundthe sidesof the can. Let it dry.
4. Attach the ribbonaroundthe top and bottomof the can.
5. Accessorize yourtincanholder.
6. Do the same procedure withthe tworemainingcans.
LET’S ANSWER
Why isrecyclingveryimportantandbeneficial toyouandyourcommunity?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
A. Make a projectplan for a recycledproject

136
LET’S REMEMBER
Recyclingisbeneficial toyouandthe communitybecause itcreatesemploymentthrough
livelihoodprojects,conservesenergyandmoney,andsavesourenvironmentfrompollutionand
increasinglandfills.
REINFORCEMENT
Use anyof the sample recycledprojectsinthislessontomake a mini projectormake your own
recycledprojectusingthe materialsthatyoubrought.
References:
The Basics of BetterLiving6 by GloriaA. Peralta.Ed.D.etal.
LearningandLivinginthe 21st
Century,byLeonora D. Basbas,Ph.D.
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=pyrography
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=flocking
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Inlaying
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=gilding
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=staining
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Painting
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=engraving
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Wooden+desktop+organizer
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=wooden+candle+holders
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=wooden+bottle+holder
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Wooden+furniture
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Wooden+wall+hooks
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Wood+lamp
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=bamboo+lights
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Bamboo+bottle+holders
https://www.google.com.ph
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Bamboo+woven+bag
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Bamboo+woven+basket
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=bamboo+wall+decor
https://www.google.com.ph/search?rlz=1C1GGRV_enPH751PH751&q=bamboo+utensils
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Bamboo+furnitures
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Bamboo+plant+box
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Bamboo+pen,+candle+holder
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=metal+craft+accessories
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=metal+craft+wind+chime

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