In this I have worked on a project how could Nanomaterials actually stop the Environmental change and also simple methods to reduce. I have worked hard for 3 Months for this project

2. INTRODUCTION AND
TOPICS

3. We need renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, ocean, thermal and tidal to avoid emission
of greenhouse gases causing impact on climate change. Technologies are important to make renewable energy
sources.
Nanotechnology is a tool to develop new technology based on cost-effective and cost-efficient thus contributing
to a sustainable economic growth. The properties of nanotechnology for the energy conversion, storage,
transmission use new approaches with the development of nanoscale materials with new chemical and physical
properties, as well as methods for manipulating, assembling and characterizing has created new platform for the
energy generation world.
Germany researchers fabricated an ultra-thin nanoscale polymer film that filters out CO2 with unmatched
results. This high permeance is attributable to the CO2-philic material, which is only a few tens of nanometers
thick. Researchers say the material could be used to treat large gas streams under low pressure, such as CO2
capture from flue gases in coal-fired power plants.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also represent a hazard to air quality, contributing to smog and high ozone
levels. VOCs may also cause soil pollution or groundwater pollution as they permeate underground when
released into soil. Japanese researchers have discovered a way to remove VOCs as well as sulfur and nitrogen
oxides from the air at surrounding temperature. The factors that emits VOC are Drying facilities, spray painting
facilities, cleaning facilities and storage tanks for chemical product manufacture painting, adhesion and printing.
VOCs

4. In the water, You find the top three VOCs.
Trihalomethane- It is the most commonly a disinfection byproduct.
PCEs-It is a byproduct of solvents, solvents used for cleaning, solvents used for diluting and breaking down inks
MTBE-it's a gasoline additive. When they stopped allowing lead to be used with
gasoline they started using MTBEs quite extensively.
In city and groundwater they are 23 VOCs. If it rises maximum level steps should
be taken. We can test it by send samples of the water to certified laboratory.
Waterborne VOCs have no smell, Taste and colour. Carbon has properties that do
a great at grabbing a hold of a carbon-based VOCs So, a carbon filter is what you
want is as a defense mechanism for the VOCs.
Reverse osmosis systems will take out VOCs but only if they have a carbon
pre-filter or post filter. The VOC actually will go through a membrane just like
oxygen will. It'll pass through the membrane. So, the reverse osmosis membrane will not reduce VOCs but the carbon that’s
usually, or pretty much always involved with a reverse osmosis system that gets the VOCs and if by chance anything gets past
the pre-filter, the post-filter will get it.

5. METHODS

6. Nanotechnology is contributing towards indoor air quality. Samsung Electronics has launched new nano e-
HEPA (for electric high efficiency particulate arrest) filtration system. The eliminate undesirable odours and kill
airborne health threats. It uses a metal dust filter that has been coated with 8 nm silver particles.
Donaldson Filtration Systems uses ultra-web nanofiber media from a layer of nanofibers that encourage dust
particles to rapidly accumulate on the filter surface building a thin, permeable dust-stopping filter cake. Ultra
Web cleans the air better by filtering even submicron contaminants. This filter has an efficiency of 0.3 micron
filtrate and eliminates larger particles by capturing them on the surface of the media.
An ultra-thin nanoscale polymer film that filters out CO2 with unmatched results. This high permeance is
attributable to the CO2-philic material, which is only a few tens of nanometers thick.
The material could be used to treat large gas streams under low pressure, such as CO2
capture from flue gases in coal-fired power plants.
Mesoporous manganese oxide (γ-MnO2) was deposited with gold nanoparticles by vacuum-UV-assisted laser
ablation, resulting in very strong metal–support interactions. The composite was found to remove a wide range
of volatile organic compounds (and NOx and SO2) from air as well as catalyze their decomposition.
AIR PURIFICATION THROUGH NANOTECHNOLOGY

7. Indoor air pollution has recently become a major concern due to its direct effects on human. Among the indoor air
pollutants are VOCs which are believed to be the main cause of increasing childhood asthma, hypersensitivity as well
as other series of symptoms, such as headache, nausea lung cancer etc.
The most abundant airborne carbonyl chemical is formaldehyde (HCHO). Methods are used for the removal of
formaldehyde, including decomposition by which photocatalysts and physical adsorption by porous materials are used,
as well as chemical adsorption which is considered as one of the effective methods where the re-emission is excluded
due to strong chemical bonding.
Air filtration technology using antimicrobial materials such as silver , copper
nanoparticles, CNTs, and natural products is the most applied and effective technique
to remove bioaerosols through ventilation processes. Several studies have exposed
that silver nanoparticles can successfully remove bacterial bioaerosols during the air
filtration process.
REMOVAL OF GREEN HOUSE GAS
The three nanoparticles were zinc silica nanogel liquid, copper silica nanogel liquid, and n-acetylcysteiin liquid coated
zinc oxide quantum dots. The researchers collected dairy manure from the dairy research unit of North Dakota State
University. Back in the lab they set up bottles containing the raw manure and one type of nanoparticle, as well as a
control that had raw manure and no nanoparticles. Because the greenhouse gas emissions are produced during
anaerobic digestion, all the oxygen was removed from each bottle before sealing it. Then, the bottle was connected to
a bag where the greenhouse gas produced from the manure could be collected. The scientists collected gas from the
bags every 2 to 14 days for 56 days.

8. SIMULATION AND MODELS
Self-assembled monolayers for water treatment
MEMBRANES

9. WATER POLLUTION TREATMENT THROUGH NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanoparticles can be used to convert the contaminating chemical through a chemical reaction to make it harmless.
Studies have shown that this method can be used successfully to reach contaminates dispersed in underground
ponds and at much lower cost than methods which require pumping the water out of the ground for treatment.
For removal of salt or metals from water, A deionization method using electrodes composed of nano-sized fibers
shows promise for reducing the cost and energy requirements of turning salt water into drinking water.
The standard filters do not work on virus cells. A filter only a few
Nanometers in diameter is currently being developed that should be
capable of removing virus cells from water.
When sheets of two-dimensional nanomaterials like graphene are
stacked on top of each other, tiny gaps form between the sheets that have
a wide variety of potential uses. The team of Brown University researchers has found a way to orient those gaps,
called nanochannels, that makes them more useful for filtering water and other liquids of nanoscale contaminants.
Carbon nanotube membranes have the potential to reduce desalination costs. Nano filters could be used to clean up
ground water or surface water contaminated with chemicals and hazardous substances.

10. Nano scavengers is which a layer of reactive nanoparticles coat a synthetic core which is designed to be easily
magnetized. Example: Silver nanoparticles if bacteria is a problem, attach to or kill the pollutants. Then when a
magnetic field is applied the nano scavengers are removed from the water.
Using nanowire mats to absorb oil spills. Using iron oxide nanoparticles to clean arsenic from water wells.
Using gold tipped carbon nanotube to trap oil drops polluting water. Combining a nanomembrane with solar
power to reduce the cost of desalinating seawater. Using nanoparticles to clean up carbon tetrachloride
pollution in ground water. Adding graphene oxide to sand filters to enhance their ability to remove pollutants
from water.
Using silver chloride nanowires as a photocatalysis to decompose organic molecules in polluted water.
Using an electrified filter composed of silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes and cotton to kill bacteria in water.
Nanoparticles that can absorb radioactive particle polluting ground water. Coating iron nanoparticles allow them
to neutralize dense, hydrophobic solvents polluting ground water. Using antimicrobial nanofibers and activated
carbon in a disposable filter as an inexpensive way to clean contaminated water.
Using graphene oxide to remove radioactive material from water. Researchers found that flakes of graphene
oxide to remove radioactive material from water. The graphene oxide then forms clumps that can be removed
from the water for disposal.

11. Silver coating
Magnetic Core
Contamination
Nano scavengers
Silver Nanoparticles
Simulation

12. Nano sponges
Nano sponge with amino silicon oil and silane coupling agent, which can effectively absorb diesel in water and soil
under various conditions.
Sponge provided a low-cost approach for diesel control and removal, showing great potential in environmental and
agricultural fields.
Diesel leak poses a great threat to the environment due to its contamination to water and soil. It decreases oxygen
concentration in water, affecting the growth of aquatic organisms, which also lowers soil permeability and causes
harmful effects on the growth of plants.

13. Nano sponges in climate change
The researchers focused on a hybrid membrane that is part polymer and part metal-organic framework,
which is a porous three-dimensional crystal with a large internal surface area that can absorb enormous
quantities of molecules. In a first, the scientists engineered the membrane so that carbon dioxide molecules
can travel through it via two distinct channels. Molecules can travel through the polymer component of the
membrane, like they do in conventional gas-separation membranes.

14. Nano sponges
After CO2 enter into nanosponge it will be destroyed or
absorbed
Nanosponges

15. Ways That Nanotechnology Could Combat Climate Change
Nano-coatings - Nanotechnology coatings are a good short-term way of reducing
emissions and maximizing clean energy production. Example: Nano-coatings can be
applied to aircraft, which can make aircraft's smoother, reducing drag and also protect
the materials from the special conditions of the environment where they are used. The
amount of CO2 emitted by an aircraft engine is directly related to the amount of fuel
burned, CO2 can be reduced by making the airplane lighter. Hydrophobic nano-coatings
can also improve the energy produced from solar panels.
Nano-structured Materials - Nanostructured materials, such as aerogels, have the
potential to greatly reduce heat transfer through building elements and assist in
reducing heating loads placed on air-conditioning/heating systems. Aerogel is a nano
porous super-insulating material with extremely low density. Silica aerogel is the lightest
solid material known with excellent thermal insulating properties, high temperature
stability, very low dielectric constant and high surface area.

16. Nano catalysts - Nanotechnology is already applied to improve fuel efficiency by incorporation of nano
catalysts. Enercat, a third generation nano catalyst developed by Energenics, uses the oxygen storing
cerium oxide nanoparticles to promote complete fuel combustion, which helps in reducing fuel
consumption. The company has demonstrated fuel savings of 8%–10% on a mixed fleet of diesel vehicles
in Italy. Reducing friction and improving wear resistance in engine and drive train components is of vital
importance in the automotive sector. Based on the estimates made by a Swedish company Applied Nano
Surfaces, reducing friction can lower the fuel consumption by about 2% and result in cutting down CO2
emissions by 500 million tons per year from trucks and other heavy vehicles in Sweden alone

17. REFERENCES

18. https://www.asee.org/documents/sections/2012/Midwest/ASEE_Midwest_2012_Asmatulu_Effects_of.pdf
https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/columnists/nanotechnology-climate-change-and-pollution.html
https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/08/03/nano-listicle/
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Nanosponges.aspx
Environmental Nanotechnology by M. H. Fulekar, Bhawana Pathak
Climate Change_ Causes Effects and Solutions

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