Particle Size Analyses of Polydisperse Liposome Formulations with Multispectr...HORIBA Particle
During this webinar, Dr. Singh will discuss the significance of liposome size characteristics in medicine. He will discuss the challenges present in particle size measurement for heterogeneous size containing formulation (polydisperse). He will also discuss his recently published results on polydisperse bead and liposome formulations using DLS, conventional NTA, laser diffraction and a novel multispectral NTA measurement techniques.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Stevia: Nature’s Wonder Herb
In recent years, there has been a growing shift towards healthier dietary choices and reduced consumption of refined sugars, owing to the raising concerns about obesity, diabetes and other lifestyle related diseases. Paraguayan sweet herb, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, emerged as a promising solution, providing an all-natural, low-calorie alternative for those seeking to satisfy their sweet cravings without compromising their well-being. This plant is native to South America that has been cultivated for hundreds of years (Khiraoui et al., 2018). The leaves and extracts made from them have a sweet taste. They are source of complex mixture of diterpene glycosides including stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudiosides (A, B, C, D, E) and dulcoside A but the major sweet constituents are stevioside and rebaudioside A. Beyond its sweetening capabilities, stevia’s potential health benefits have sparked a great deal of interest in the scientific community. Reports suggest that stevia may offer anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-cariogenic, anti-microbial and anti-hypertensive properties (Ahmad and Ahmad, 2018).
Stevia: Nature’s Wonder Herb
In recent years, there has been a growing shift towards healthier dietary choices and reduced consumption of refined sugars, owing to the raising concerns about obesity, diabetes and other lifestyle related diseases. Paraguayan sweet herb, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, emerged as a promising solution, providing an all-natural, low-calorie alternative for those seeking to satisfy their sweet cravings without compromising their well-being. This plant is native to South America that has been cultivated for hundreds of years (Khiraoui et al., 2018). The leaves and extracts made from them have a sweet taste. They are source of complex mixture of diterpene glycosides including stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudiosides (A, B, C, D, E) and dulcoside A but the major sweet constituents are stevioside and rebaudioside A. Beyond its sweetening capabilities, stevia’s potential health benefits have sparked a great deal of interest in the scientific community. Reports suggest that stevia may offer anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-cariogenic, anti-microbial and anti-hypertensive properties (Ahmad and Ahmad, 2018).
Safety regulations for stevia consumption have been established by various regulatory authorities worldwide. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives initially defined the recommended daily consumption of 4 mg/kg body weight in 2004. The US FDA in 2008-09 issued safe status for steviol glycosides, which were followed by the European food safety authority. In 2015, the FSSAI approved its use as a non-calorie sweetener in a variety of food products in India. Stevia is presently recognized as safe in more than 150 nations (Anonymous, 2023).
Due to its numerous health benefits and versatility in culinary applications, stevia h
Particle Size Analyses of Polydisperse Liposome Formulations with Multispectr...HORIBA Particle
During this webinar, Dr. Singh will discuss the significance of liposome size characteristics in medicine. He will discuss the challenges present in particle size measurement for heterogeneous size containing formulation (polydisperse). He will also discuss his recently published results on polydisperse bead and liposome formulations using DLS, conventional NTA, laser diffraction and a novel multispectral NTA measurement techniques.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Stevia: Nature’s Wonder Herb
In recent years, there has been a growing shift towards healthier dietary choices and reduced consumption of refined sugars, owing to the raising concerns about obesity, diabetes and other lifestyle related diseases. Paraguayan sweet herb, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, emerged as a promising solution, providing an all-natural, low-calorie alternative for those seeking to satisfy their sweet cravings without compromising their well-being. This plant is native to South America that has been cultivated for hundreds of years (Khiraoui et al., 2018). The leaves and extracts made from them have a sweet taste. They are source of complex mixture of diterpene glycosides including stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudiosides (A, B, C, D, E) and dulcoside A but the major sweet constituents are stevioside and rebaudioside A. Beyond its sweetening capabilities, stevia’s potential health benefits have sparked a great deal of interest in the scientific community. Reports suggest that stevia may offer anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-cariogenic, anti-microbial and anti-hypertensive properties (Ahmad and Ahmad, 2018).
Stevia: Nature’s Wonder Herb
In recent years, there has been a growing shift towards healthier dietary choices and reduced consumption of refined sugars, owing to the raising concerns about obesity, diabetes and other lifestyle related diseases. Paraguayan sweet herb, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, emerged as a promising solution, providing an all-natural, low-calorie alternative for those seeking to satisfy their sweet cravings without compromising their well-being. This plant is native to South America that has been cultivated for hundreds of years (Khiraoui et al., 2018). The leaves and extracts made from them have a sweet taste. They are source of complex mixture of diterpene glycosides including stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudiosides (A, B, C, D, E) and dulcoside A but the major sweet constituents are stevioside and rebaudioside A. Beyond its sweetening capabilities, stevia’s potential health benefits have sparked a great deal of interest in the scientific community. Reports suggest that stevia may offer anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-cariogenic, anti-microbial and anti-hypertensive properties (Ahmad and Ahmad, 2018).
Safety regulations for stevia consumption have been established by various regulatory authorities worldwide. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives initially defined the recommended daily consumption of 4 mg/kg body weight in 2004. The US FDA in 2008-09 issued safe status for steviol glycosides, which were followed by the European food safety authority. In 2015, the FSSAI approved its use as a non-calorie sweetener in a variety of food products in India. Stevia is presently recognized as safe in more than 150 nations (Anonymous, 2023).
Due to its numerous health benefits and versatility in culinary applications, stevia h
Medical segregation cohort study of bio – medical waste management
Authors:Naval Kishor Lodha, Krishna Murari, Biramchand Mewara, Gopal Sharma, Mahendra varma
Int J Biol Med Res. 2023; 14(4): 7699-7701 | Abstract | PDF File
Environmental Risk Assessment for Pharmaceutical DrugsCovance
Understanding the Evaluation and Implications of Findings to the Regulatory Review of Human Medicines in the Environment. Pharmaceutical drugs are intended for the treatment of human disease, therefore the risk of their environmental exposure in clinical use needs to be evaluated. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is part of the requirements when applying for marketing approval in many geographic regions throughout the world.
Advances in host plant resistance and identification of broad-based stable so...ICRISAT
Host Plant Resistance is the most effective and economical management option for Fusarium wilt (Fusarium udum Butler) of pigeonpea (Figure 1) either alone or as a major component of IDM. The disease can cause yield losses of up to 100% in susceptible cultivars. ICRISAT has developed large numbers of high yielding wilt resistant lines by selecting them under high disease pressure in field screening. These resistant lines if found to possess stable resistance across locations, could be utilized in pigeonpea disease resistance breeding program.
VARIOUS EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES ON HUMAN HEALTH.pdfKartikSoni34
Insecticides are chemical substances used to kill or control insects that are considered pests. While they are effective in combating insect infestations and protecting crops, they can also have various effects on human health. Here is a summary of the different effects insecticides can have on human health:
Acute toxicity: Some insecticides can be highly toxic and may cause immediate health effects when individuals are exposed to high concentrations or doses. Symptoms can range from mild irritation to severe poisoning, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches, respiratory distress, and in extreme cases, seizures or even death.
Chronic health effects: Long-term exposure to certain insecticides, even at low levels, can lead to chronic health problems. Prolonged exposure has been associated with an increased risk of various health issues, such as cancer (including leukemia, lymphoma, and tumors), neurological disorders, reproductive problems, endocrine disruption, and developmental disorders.
Respiratory problems: Insecticides, particularly those in spray or aerosol form, can be inhaled and irritate the respiratory system. This can cause breathing difficulties, coughing, wheezing, and exacerbate existing respiratory conditions like asthma.
Skin and eye irritation: Contact with certain insecticides can cause skin irritation, such as rashes, itching, or burning sensations. They can also irritate the eyes, leading to redness, tearing, or discomfort.
Allergic reactions: Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to specific insecticides. Symptoms can range from mild skin irritation to severe allergic reactions, including hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Developmental and reproductive effects: Exposure to certain insecticides during pregnancy can potentially harm the developing fetus, leading to birth defects or developmental delays. Some insecticides have also been linked to reduced fertility, miscarriages, and hormonal imbalances.
Occupational risks: Individuals who work in agriculture, pest control, or other industries involving insecticide use are at a higher risk of exposure. They may experience more significant health effects due to repeated or prolonged contact with these chemicals.
It's important to note that the specific health effects of insecticides can vary depending on the type of insecticide used, the concentration, the duration and frequency of exposure, and individual susceptibility. To minimize the risks, it is crucial to follow safety guidelines, use protective measures when handling or applying insecticides, and seek professional advice when necessary.
Bilayer tablet is new era for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide a way of successful drug delivery system. Bi-layer tablets developing a combination of two or more Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in a single dosage form (bilayer tablet) has increased in the pharmaceutical industry, promoting patient convenience and compliance. For a variety of reasons: patent extension, therapeutic, marketing to name a few. To reduce capital investment, quite often existing but modified tablet presses are used to develop and produce such tablets. This article explains why the development and production of quality bi-layer tablets needs to be carried out on purpose-built tablet presses to overcome common bi-layer problems, such as layer-separation, insufficient hardness, inaccurate individual layer weight control, cross-contamination between the layers, reduced yield, etc. Using a modified tablet press may therefore not be your best approach to producing bilayer tablet under GMP-condition. Especially when in addition high production output is required.
Present status of aqua-medicines used in aquaculture at Jessore sadar upazila...AbdullaAlAsif1
In order to know the present status of aqua-medicines used in aquaculture activities in Jessore district, Bangladesh a rigorous investigation was conducted with fish farmers and representative of pharmaceutical companies from January, 2016 to May 2016. An extensive assortment of aqua-medicines was comprehended throughout pond prepation and water excellence administration by the agrarians. Amongst them Zeo-Fesh, Zeo Prime, Ecolite, Megazeo plus, Geotox, Jv Zeolite, Acmes, Benthos, Pond life, were extensively used in field level. Disinfectants has precise significance; far and wide used by the agrarians and the furthermost prevalent disinfectants are Pathonil, Timen, Fmsen, Virex, Aquakleen etc., the reimbursements of disinfectants are to inhibit dissimilar categories of bacterial, fungal and viral diseases resembling gill rot, tail rot, dropsy etc. to uphold sanitized circumstance in pond apparatus and floorings and in some circumstances use to treat disease. Numerous aqua-medicines were established in the aqua-medicines retailers that were informed to be used as noxious gas reducer. The obtainable deadly gas reducer were gastrap, gas stop, gasonex plus, ammonil besides that, remunerations of using venomous gas reducer are to eliminate the lethal gas like NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, CO<sub>2</sub> etc. since the bottommost of pond to diminish concentration of ammonia. For upgrading of dissolve oxygen level, Oxyflow, Oxymax, Bio Care, Bio-Ox, Oxy-Gold, Oxy-A, Oxylife were extensively used in the study area. A number of aqua medicines were found in the aqua-medicine enterprise used as growth promoter in addition to upsurge yield performance like, Megavit Aqua, Aqua Boots, Aquamin, Acimix etc. were extensively used in study area. Countless pharmaceutical companies have been chronicled to marketplace these aquaculture healthcare products. Furthermost of the products have been promoted from diverse republics like USA, Thailand, Malaysia, Belgium, and China and values were inconstant, but appeared to be reasonable to agrarians. The contemporaneous investigation pointed out numerous restraints concomitant with the use of such aqua-medicines, comprising nonexistence of methodological acquaintance of agrarians about use of aqua-medicines.
An attempt was made to study the Cytogenetical effects of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate on meiotic chromosomal abnormalities in two cultivars viz., PKV-1 and JS-335. The most frequently observed aberrations in meiosis were univalents, trivalent, multivalents chromosomal fragments, desynapsis of chromosome, laggards, and clumping of chromosomes etc. The physical mutagens were more effective than chemical mutagens. The effect of gamma-rays and ethyl methane sulphonate shows chlorophyll mutations such as Chlorina, Xantha, Albina, and Alboviridis in an M2 generation in both the cultivars. Cultivar JS-335 shows more pronounced effect than cultivar PKV-1. Gamma-rays recorded maximum macro mutations as compared to chemical mutagens (EMS). The frequency and spectrum of morphological mutation indicated that variety JS-335 was more sensitive than PKV-1. Different response of the two varieties to various mutagens was noticed. Key-words- Gamma radiation, EMS, Chromosomal aberrations, Mutagens, Chlorophyll mutation
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY: The use of feed in recirculating aquaculture systems...International Aquafeed
One of the greatest operating costs in aquaculture is the use of commercial feed pellets, which can comprise of up to 50-60 percent of total expense in some farms.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Medical segregation cohort study of bio – medical waste management
Authors:Naval Kishor Lodha, Krishna Murari, Biramchand Mewara, Gopal Sharma, Mahendra varma
Int J Biol Med Res. 2023; 14(4): 7699-7701 | Abstract | PDF File
Environmental Risk Assessment for Pharmaceutical DrugsCovance
Understanding the Evaluation and Implications of Findings to the Regulatory Review of Human Medicines in the Environment. Pharmaceutical drugs are intended for the treatment of human disease, therefore the risk of their environmental exposure in clinical use needs to be evaluated. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is part of the requirements when applying for marketing approval in many geographic regions throughout the world.
Advances in host plant resistance and identification of broad-based stable so...ICRISAT
Host Plant Resistance is the most effective and economical management option for Fusarium wilt (Fusarium udum Butler) of pigeonpea (Figure 1) either alone or as a major component of IDM. The disease can cause yield losses of up to 100% in susceptible cultivars. ICRISAT has developed large numbers of high yielding wilt resistant lines by selecting them under high disease pressure in field screening. These resistant lines if found to possess stable resistance across locations, could be utilized in pigeonpea disease resistance breeding program.
VARIOUS EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES ON HUMAN HEALTH.pdfKartikSoni34
Insecticides are chemical substances used to kill or control insects that are considered pests. While they are effective in combating insect infestations and protecting crops, they can also have various effects on human health. Here is a summary of the different effects insecticides can have on human health:
Acute toxicity: Some insecticides can be highly toxic and may cause immediate health effects when individuals are exposed to high concentrations or doses. Symptoms can range from mild irritation to severe poisoning, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches, respiratory distress, and in extreme cases, seizures or even death.
Chronic health effects: Long-term exposure to certain insecticides, even at low levels, can lead to chronic health problems. Prolonged exposure has been associated with an increased risk of various health issues, such as cancer (including leukemia, lymphoma, and tumors), neurological disorders, reproductive problems, endocrine disruption, and developmental disorders.
Respiratory problems: Insecticides, particularly those in spray or aerosol form, can be inhaled and irritate the respiratory system. This can cause breathing difficulties, coughing, wheezing, and exacerbate existing respiratory conditions like asthma.
Skin and eye irritation: Contact with certain insecticides can cause skin irritation, such as rashes, itching, or burning sensations. They can also irritate the eyes, leading to redness, tearing, or discomfort.
Allergic reactions: Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to specific insecticides. Symptoms can range from mild skin irritation to severe allergic reactions, including hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Developmental and reproductive effects: Exposure to certain insecticides during pregnancy can potentially harm the developing fetus, leading to birth defects or developmental delays. Some insecticides have also been linked to reduced fertility, miscarriages, and hormonal imbalances.
Occupational risks: Individuals who work in agriculture, pest control, or other industries involving insecticide use are at a higher risk of exposure. They may experience more significant health effects due to repeated or prolonged contact with these chemicals.
It's important to note that the specific health effects of insecticides can vary depending on the type of insecticide used, the concentration, the duration and frequency of exposure, and individual susceptibility. To minimize the risks, it is crucial to follow safety guidelines, use protective measures when handling or applying insecticides, and seek professional advice when necessary.
Bilayer tablet is new era for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide a way of successful drug delivery system. Bi-layer tablets developing a combination of two or more Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in a single dosage form (bilayer tablet) has increased in the pharmaceutical industry, promoting patient convenience and compliance. For a variety of reasons: patent extension, therapeutic, marketing to name a few. To reduce capital investment, quite often existing but modified tablet presses are used to develop and produce such tablets. This article explains why the development and production of quality bi-layer tablets needs to be carried out on purpose-built tablet presses to overcome common bi-layer problems, such as layer-separation, insufficient hardness, inaccurate individual layer weight control, cross-contamination between the layers, reduced yield, etc. Using a modified tablet press may therefore not be your best approach to producing bilayer tablet under GMP-condition. Especially when in addition high production output is required.
Present status of aqua-medicines used in aquaculture at Jessore sadar upazila...AbdullaAlAsif1
In order to know the present status of aqua-medicines used in aquaculture activities in Jessore district, Bangladesh a rigorous investigation was conducted with fish farmers and representative of pharmaceutical companies from January, 2016 to May 2016. An extensive assortment of aqua-medicines was comprehended throughout pond prepation and water excellence administration by the agrarians. Amongst them Zeo-Fesh, Zeo Prime, Ecolite, Megazeo plus, Geotox, Jv Zeolite, Acmes, Benthos, Pond life, were extensively used in field level. Disinfectants has precise significance; far and wide used by the agrarians and the furthermost prevalent disinfectants are Pathonil, Timen, Fmsen, Virex, Aquakleen etc., the reimbursements of disinfectants are to inhibit dissimilar categories of bacterial, fungal and viral diseases resembling gill rot, tail rot, dropsy etc. to uphold sanitized circumstance in pond apparatus and floorings and in some circumstances use to treat disease. Numerous aqua-medicines were established in the aqua-medicines retailers that were informed to be used as noxious gas reducer. The obtainable deadly gas reducer were gastrap, gas stop, gasonex plus, ammonil besides that, remunerations of using venomous gas reducer are to eliminate the lethal gas like NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, CO<sub>2</sub> etc. since the bottommost of pond to diminish concentration of ammonia. For upgrading of dissolve oxygen level, Oxyflow, Oxymax, Bio Care, Bio-Ox, Oxy-Gold, Oxy-A, Oxylife were extensively used in the study area. A number of aqua medicines were found in the aqua-medicine enterprise used as growth promoter in addition to upsurge yield performance like, Megavit Aqua, Aqua Boots, Aquamin, Acimix etc. were extensively used in study area. Countless pharmaceutical companies have been chronicled to marketplace these aquaculture healthcare products. Furthermost of the products have been promoted from diverse republics like USA, Thailand, Malaysia, Belgium, and China and values were inconstant, but appeared to be reasonable to agrarians. The contemporaneous investigation pointed out numerous restraints concomitant with the use of such aqua-medicines, comprising nonexistence of methodological acquaintance of agrarians about use of aqua-medicines.
An attempt was made to study the Cytogenetical effects of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate on meiotic chromosomal abnormalities in two cultivars viz., PKV-1 and JS-335. The most frequently observed aberrations in meiosis were univalents, trivalent, multivalents chromosomal fragments, desynapsis of chromosome, laggards, and clumping of chromosomes etc. The physical mutagens were more effective than chemical mutagens. The effect of gamma-rays and ethyl methane sulphonate shows chlorophyll mutations such as Chlorina, Xantha, Albina, and Alboviridis in an M2 generation in both the cultivars. Cultivar JS-335 shows more pronounced effect than cultivar PKV-1. Gamma-rays recorded maximum macro mutations as compared to chemical mutagens (EMS). The frequency and spectrum of morphological mutation indicated that variety JS-335 was more sensitive than PKV-1. Different response of the two varieties to various mutagens was noticed. Key-words- Gamma radiation, EMS, Chromosomal aberrations, Mutagens, Chlorophyll mutation
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY: The use of feed in recirculating aquaculture systems...International Aquafeed
One of the greatest operating costs in aquaculture is the use of commercial feed pellets, which can comprise of up to 50-60 percent of total expense in some farms.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Liposomes.pptx
1. Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy
AICTE File No: 730-05-029/P/ET/97
NBA File No: NBA/ACCR-1183/2008., Dt:05-06-09
J. P. S. R. Lavanya Dept. of Pharmaceutics 2 May,2023 1/16
Liposomes: The Tiny Saviors Of
Modern System
PRESENTED BY:
J.P.S.R.Lavanya
M.Pharm-1-1st Semister
Regd no:222104
Dept. of Pharmaceutics
2. Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy
AICTE File No: 730-05-029/P/ET/97
NBA File No: NBA/ACCR-1183/2008., Dt:05-06-09
J. P. S. R. Lavanya Dept. of Pharmaceutics 2 May,2023 2/16
Introduction
Composition of liposome
Advantages and Disadvantages
Classification
Methods of Preparation
Stability
Characterization/ Evaluation
Applications and Marketed Preparations
References
CONTENTS
3. Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy
AICTE File No: 730-05-029/P/ET/97
NBA File No: NBA/ACCR-1183/2008., Dt:05-06-09
J. P. S. R. Lavanya Dept. of Pharmaceutics 2 May,2023 3/16
INTRODUCTION
Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous
volume is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer mainly
composed of natural or synthetic phospholipids.
Liposome were first produced in England in 1961 by Alec D. Bangham
The size of a liposome ranges from 20 nm up to several micrometers.
4. Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy
AICTE File No: 730-05-029/P/ET/97
NBA File No: NBA/ACCR-1183/2008., Dt:05-06-09
J. P. S. R. Lavanya Dept. of Pharmaceutics 2 May,2023 4/16
Cholesteral alignment between phospholipid bilayer
Phospholipids
COMPOSITION OF LIPOSOMES
1. Phospholids
• Phosphoglycerides
• Sphingolipids
2. Cholesterol
5. Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy
AICTE File No: 730-05-029/P/ET/97
NBA File No: NBA/ACCR-1183/2008., Dt:05-06-09
J. P. S. R. Lavanya Dept. of Pharmaceutics 2 May,2023 5/16
Advantages
• Non-toxic
• Biodegradable
• Increased stability of
encapsulated drugs.
• Lowers systemic toxicity.
• Site avoidance effect (avoids
non-target tissues).
• Protection of sensitive drug
molecules.
• Improved pharmacokinetic
effects.
Disadvantages
• encapsulated drug during storage.
• Short half-life.
• Batch to batch variation.
• Difficult in large scale
manufacturing and sterilization.
• Production cost is high.
• Once administered, liposomes
can not be removed.
• Sometimes phospholipids
undergoes hydrolysis and
oxidation reactions.
6. Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy
AICTE File No: 730-05-029/P/ET/97
NBA File No: NBA/ACCR-1183/2008., Dt:05-06-09
J. P. S. R. Lavanya Dept. of Pharmaceutics 2 May,2023 6/16
CLASSIFICATION
VESICLE TYPE ABBREVIATION DIAMETER
SIZE
NO. OF LIPID BI-
LAYER
Unilamellar Vesicle UV All size range ONE
Small unilamellar Vesicle SUV 20-100 nm ONE
Medium unilamellar Vesicle MUV >100 µm ONE
Large unilamellar Vesicle LUV >1000 µm ONE
Giant unilamellar Vesicle GUV >1µm ONE
Oligolamellar Vesicle OLV 0.1-1 µm 5
Multilamellar Vesicle MLV >0.5 µm 5-25
Multivesicular Vesicle MV >1 µm Multicompartmental
structure
7. Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy
AICTE File No: 730-05-029/P/ET/97
NBA File No: NBA/ACCR-1183/2008., Dt:05-06-09
J. P. S. R. Lavanya Dept. of Pharmaceutics 2 May,2023 7/16
METHODS OF PREPARATION
Passive Loading
Mechanical
Dispersion method
Hand Shaking
method
Sonication
French pressure
cell
Freeze-thaw
technique
Solvent Dispersion
Method
Ethanol injection
Ether injection
Reverse phase
evaporation
vesicles
Detergent Removal
Method
Dialysis
Gel chromatography
dilution
Active Loading
8. Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy
AICTE File No: 730-05-029/P/ET/97
NBA File No: NBA/ACCR-1183/2008., Dt:05-06-09
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b) Bath and Probe Sonicator
a) Hand Shaking Method
Mechanical Dispersion methods
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c) French Pressure Cell
Freeze SUV dispersion
Thaw at room temperature for 15 minutes
Sonicate
Rupture of SUV’s occur
Formation of liposomes
d) Freeze Thaw Sonication
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Solvent Dispersion method
a) Ethanol injection method
b) Ether injection method
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c) Reverse Phase Evaporation Vesicles
Lipid + organic solvent + aqueous solution
Mix & Sonicate
Formation of w/o emulsion
Evaporate to remove the organic solvent
Lipids form a phospholipid bilayer on vigorous shaking
Water droplets collapse
Formation of LUV’s.
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STABILITY
PREVENTION OF CHEMICAL
DEGRADATION:
• Start with freshly purified lipids &
freshly distilled solvents.
• Avoid procedure which involving
high temperature.
• Carry out manufacturing in the
absence of oxygen.
• Deoxygenate aqueous solution
with nitrogen.
• Store liposome suspension in an
inert atmosphere.
• Include an antioxidant as a
component.
PREVENTION OF PHYSICAL
DEGRADATION:
• ANNEALING’ is best method to
control physical degradation i.e.
incubating the liposomes at a
temperature high enough above the
phase transition temperature.
• The stability of liposomes may
also be increased by cross linking
membrane component covalently
using Glutaraldehyde fixation,
osmification or polymerization of
alkyne containing phospholipids.
• These methods increases
mechanical strength of the
membrane & render them less
susceptible to disruption.
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CHARACTERIZATION
Size & it’s distribution
Surface Charge
Percent drug
entrapment
Phase behavior
Lamellarity
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APPLICATIONS
•Liposomes are drug or protein delivery vehicles.
•Liposome in antimicrobial, antifungal(lung therapeutics) and antiviral (anti HIV)
therapy.
•In tumour therapy.
•In gene therapy & in immunology.
•Liposomes as artificial blood surrogates.
•Liposomes as radio pharmaceutical and radio diagnostic carriers.
•Liposomes in cosmetics and dermatology.
MARKETED PREPARATIONS
Liposome ( Doxil ™) Doxorubicin = Kaposi’s sarcoma
Liposome (EVACT ™) = breast cancer
Liposome(DaunoXome™) Daunosome = Advanced Kaposi’ sarcoma, small cell
lung cancer, leukaemia & solid tumour
Liposome ( VincaXome ™) Vincristine = Solid tumour
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REFERENCES
Baviskar D.T. and Jain D.K., Novel drug delivery systems, Nirali
Prakashan, pg.no.- 14.15-14.27
Y. Sultana., Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems: An Update Review.,
Current Drug Delivery 2007, 4, 297-305.
Sharma Shailesh, Sharma Neelam, Kumar Sandeep, Gupta GD.,
Liposomes: A review., Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(7),1163-
1167.
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THANK YOU…..
