Here are the key steps in the sample preparation procedure for UV spectroscopy:
1. A standard stock solution of 100 μg/ml was prepared by dissolving 10 mg of drug in 100 ml of mobile phase (ACN:Water 80:20).
2. From the stock solution, 10 ml was pipetted and diluted to 100 ml with mobile phase to obtain a 10 μg/ml working standard solution.
3. Tablets/capsules were weighed and powdered. An amount of powder equivalent to 10 mg of drug was transferred to a 100 ml volumetric flask.
4. The powder was dissolved in mobile phase and sonicated for 15 minutes. The volume was made up to mark with mobile phase to obtain a
Abstract:
The Chronopharmacotherapy the drug administration is synchronised with circadian rhythms Formulation development of Microspheres is more reliable formulation as compare to single type dosage formulation due to it avoids dose dumping, as per required drug release profile is achieved For microspheres many polymers are used such as albumin, gelatine, starch, Eudragit, Polyacrylamide (“PAM”) these material loading capacity is high. Micro sponges which are Spherical are called as micro-balloons. Due to its hollow structure it shows good floating properties. In these systems use of Carbon-dioxide (CO2) as gas generating system which are used for floating purpose. The objective of present investigation is to prepared and evaluate a floating pulsatile drug delivery system of Aceclofenac. The strategy adopted for microspheres containing Aceclofenac as a material were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique. Drug and polymer were mixed in dichloromethane and ethanol at 1:1 ratio. The drug and polymer solution were poured in water 50% W/V polyvinyl alcohol maintained at 30-40 C and the solution was stir at 500rpm using mechanical stirrer, The microspheres obtain were washed repeatedly with water until free from poly vinyl alcohol. The developed formulations were evaluated yield of floating microspheres particle size and shape, drug entrapment efficiency in-vitro evolution of floating ability, in-vitro drug release study. On the basis of these evolution parameters it was found that optimised floating pulsatile release formulation F7 showed higher drug entrapment efficiency floating time 6.8 minutes and the drug and polymer 32 1:3 ratio the particle size was increased.
Key Words: Chronopharmacotherapy, Floating pulsatile drug delivery, Aceclofenac.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR D...Dipak Reddy
A simple, precise & accurate UV spectroscopy & HPLC method was developed & validated as per ICH guideline.
In UV spectroscopy 0.1HCL used as diluent & in HPLC Methanol :ortho phosphoric acid (40:60%v/v) used.
Thus based on validation data it is concluded that present method is economical, less time consuming, precise , accurate for estimation of Pioglitazone in bulk drug & formulations.
This method can be used to determine the purity of the drug available from various sources by detecting the related impurities.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A simple visible spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination
of ulipristal acetate present in bulk and tablet formulation. The currently
proposed method is established based on MBTH oxidation by ferric ions to
form an active coupling species (electrophile), followed by its coupling with
the ulipristal in acidic medium to form high intensiϑied green colored chromophore
having max at 609 nm. Validated the method as per the current
guidelines of ICH. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 6.25 –
37.50 g mL 1 with a high regression coefϑicient (r > 0.999). Reproducibility,
accuracy, and precision of the method are evident from the low values of R.S.D.
This method can be used in quality control laboratories for routine analysis of
ulipristal acetate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Abstract:
The Chronopharmacotherapy the drug administration is synchronised with circadian rhythms Formulation development of Microspheres is more reliable formulation as compare to single type dosage formulation due to it avoids dose dumping, as per required drug release profile is achieved For microspheres many polymers are used such as albumin, gelatine, starch, Eudragit, Polyacrylamide (“PAM”) these material loading capacity is high. Micro sponges which are Spherical are called as micro-balloons. Due to its hollow structure it shows good floating properties. In these systems use of Carbon-dioxide (CO2) as gas generating system which are used for floating purpose. The objective of present investigation is to prepared and evaluate a floating pulsatile drug delivery system of Aceclofenac. The strategy adopted for microspheres containing Aceclofenac as a material were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique. Drug and polymer were mixed in dichloromethane and ethanol at 1:1 ratio. The drug and polymer solution were poured in water 50% W/V polyvinyl alcohol maintained at 30-40 C and the solution was stir at 500rpm using mechanical stirrer, The microspheres obtain were washed repeatedly with water until free from poly vinyl alcohol. The developed formulations were evaluated yield of floating microspheres particle size and shape, drug entrapment efficiency in-vitro evolution of floating ability, in-vitro drug release study. On the basis of these evolution parameters it was found that optimised floating pulsatile release formulation F7 showed higher drug entrapment efficiency floating time 6.8 minutes and the drug and polymer 32 1:3 ratio the particle size was increased.
Key Words: Chronopharmacotherapy, Floating pulsatile drug delivery, Aceclofenac.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR D...Dipak Reddy
A simple, precise & accurate UV spectroscopy & HPLC method was developed & validated as per ICH guideline.
In UV spectroscopy 0.1HCL used as diluent & in HPLC Methanol :ortho phosphoric acid (40:60%v/v) used.
Thus based on validation data it is concluded that present method is economical, less time consuming, precise , accurate for estimation of Pioglitazone in bulk drug & formulations.
This method can be used to determine the purity of the drug available from various sources by detecting the related impurities.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A simple visible spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination
of ulipristal acetate present in bulk and tablet formulation. The currently
proposed method is established based on MBTH oxidation by ferric ions to
form an active coupling species (electrophile), followed by its coupling with
the ulipristal in acidic medium to form high intensiϑied green colored chromophore
having max at 609 nm. Validated the method as per the current
guidelines of ICH. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 6.25 –
37.50 g mL 1 with a high regression coefϑicient (r > 0.999). Reproducibility,
accuracy, and precision of the method are evident from the low values of R.S.D.
This method can be used in quality control laboratories for routine analysis of
ulipristal acetate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
An Analysis on the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry MethodAI Publications
In the pharmaceutical industry, quality control is a necessary process. Pharmaceutical medicinal products must be advertised as safe, therapeutically active formulations with predictable qualities and performance. The main aim of the study is an analysis on the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry Method. UV spectroscopy was performed on Shimadzu 1700 uv spectrometer, 1cm cell quartz cuvette. Mode was set as UV mode and Detector wavelength was kept at 231 nm and 276 nm. A simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and cost economical methodology for simultaneous estimation and precise ultraviolet radiation methodology has been developed and valid as per ICH guidelines for simultaneous Estimation of MET and AGP in Their Combined dose form.
Spectrophotometric Estimation of Rosuvastatin Calcium in Bulk and Pharmaceuti...SriramNagarajan15
Rosuvastatin calcium of the class statins is used for primary hyperlipidemias. It is a selective and competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. In the present work, simple, sensitive and economic spectrophotometric method has been developed for quantitative determination of Rosuvastatin calcium. In the present spectrophotometric method Rosuvastatin calcium was dissolved in double distilled water. It exhibited an absorption maximum at 241 nm and obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 5-25g/ml. The results of analysis have been validated and found to be sensitive, precise and accurate for quantitative determination of Rosuvastatin calcium in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations.
ETORICOXIB AND PREGABALIN OF METHOD DEVLOPMENT IN RPHPLC BY UPEXA BAVADIYAUpexaBavadiya
Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Etoricoxib and Pregabalin in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form by RP-HPLC 2K21 GTU MASTER IN PHARMACY BY UPEXA BAVADIYA
NOVEL SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FOUR SARTANS...Dr. Ravi Sankar
The core AIM of the present study is to develop a novel, rapid, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method for simultaneous separation and quantification of Hydrochlorothiazide along with four sartans Telmisartan(TELM), Losartan(LOSA), Olmesartan(OLME) and Valsartan(VALS).
To develop Novel methods for separation and quantification of all the above said drugs on single chromatographic system without any minor changes in detection wavelength and mobile phase composition.
Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantificati...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Plerixafor (PLX) injections are administered to patients with cancers of lymphocytes
(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) and plasma cells (multiple myeloma). The main
objective of the current study was to develop a short reverse phase chromatographic
method for the simultaneous quantification of PLX and its impurities, in an injection
formulation, to reduce the time required for these quality tests. Furthermore, the
present work describes the role of nonalkyl branched nonquaternary ion pair reagent
in improving the peak shape and reducing column equilibration time. The separation
of PLX and its related substances is pH dependent (optimum pH = 2.50) and was
achieved on an octadecylsilyl (C18) column. The method was validated for its intended
purpose in accordance with the current regulatory guidelines for validation. The
proposed method can be applied for quality control, release, and stability analyses of
active pharmaceutical ingredient, PLX, as well as finished products, PLX injections
Chemometrics Analysis and It's application in Herbal Drugs.pptxkaminiChaturvedi
CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND IT’S APPLICATION IN HERBAL DRUGS
INTRODUCTION
Chemometrics is, "the chemical discipline that uses mathematical, statistical, and logical techniques to create or select optimal measurement processes and experiments, and to offer maximum chemical information by analysing chemical data."
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMOMETRICS
Chemometrics is the English name for the Swedish term "kemometri," which was first used in 1971 by Swedish physicist Svante Wold
The following two journals were launched in the years 1986 and 1987: "Journal of Chemometrics" and "Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems" raised the intellectualization of equipment and provided new construction techniques for new, high-dimensional hyphenated equipment
CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMOMETRICS
Monovariate
Multivariate- Supervised, Unsupervised
CHEMOMETRIC TOOLS
PCA
A multivariate tool called PCA
It is used to identify the primary cause of variability in the data sets
It is used to determine the relationship between an object and a variable and to detect cluster formatting
The main goal of PCA is reducing the dimension of a data set and multivariate compression of data
APPLICATION OF CHEMOMETRIC IN HERBAL PLANTS
Authenticity
Efficacy
Consistency
Safety evaluation
Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Oral Hypoglycaemic Drug D...ijtsrd
HPLC is a chromatographic technique employed in active compound chemistry and biochemistry to separate a mixture and substances with the goal of identifying, measuring, and purifying the different components of the mixture. Its a much better variety of column and traditional chromatography. The objective of the research work is to develop and validate a simple and accurate reverse phase chromatographic method to estimate amount of drug in dosage form. The developed method successfully can be applied to estimate the amount of Dapagliflozin in tablet dosage form. After oral administration of dapagliflozin, the maximum plasma concentration Concentration max under two hours. High performance liquid chromatographic system was alleviated according to the chromatographic settings. After attaining the steady base line, to verify the system suitability, a single 40 µg ml of standard solution proportional to 100 test concentration of dapagliflozin was injected into the HPLC system. The gradient mobile phase flow rate programming assisted in optimising the lengthy run duration and resolution of sample analysis, making the approach more cost effective and quick. Validation of the developed and optimized HPLC method was carried out according to ICH guidelines with respect to parameters such as linearity, specificity, precision and accuracy. Junaid Ahmed | Himanchal Sharma | Shiva Teotia "Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Oral Hypoglycaemic Drug Dapagliflozinina Tablet Dosage form by the Employment of Rp-HPLC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46395.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/46395/method-development-and-validation-for-estimation-of-oral-hypoglycaemic-drug-dapagliflozinina-tablet-dosage-form-by-the-employment-of-rphplc/junaid-ahmed
This is the presentation on Role of advancement in instrumentation in pharmacodynamic evaluation of drugs
in clinical trials.
CONTENTS
Concept of medical instrument and instrumentation
Centrifuge
PCR
HPLC
Flow cytometry
Mass SPECTROMETRY
Minimally invasive technologies in PD
Conclusion
Chromatography is a technique for separating various inorganic and organic compounds. It is one of the separation techniques used as differential migration. It is more advantageous over conventional separating methods such as crystallization, solvent extraction and distillation. The purpose of presentation is to present various chromatographic techniques included a few advanced forms such as FC, HPLC,UPLC and UPCC (Super Critical chromatography).These are rapid forms of chromatographic techniques based on air pressure driven, optimized for rapid and precise separation of an organic compound.
HPLC (RP-HPLC) Method Development for simultaneous estimation of EMP & LNGLaxmanBulbule1
In this presentation, one can find out how to develop RP-HPLC method for
an antidiabetic drugs like Empagliflozin & Linagliptin by using ICH guidelines. One can also find degradation result of same drug.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
An Analysis on the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry MethodAI Publications
In the pharmaceutical industry, quality control is a necessary process. Pharmaceutical medicinal products must be advertised as safe, therapeutically active formulations with predictable qualities and performance. The main aim of the study is an analysis on the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry Method. UV spectroscopy was performed on Shimadzu 1700 uv spectrometer, 1cm cell quartz cuvette. Mode was set as UV mode and Detector wavelength was kept at 231 nm and 276 nm. A simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and cost economical methodology for simultaneous estimation and precise ultraviolet radiation methodology has been developed and valid as per ICH guidelines for simultaneous Estimation of MET and AGP in Their Combined dose form.
Spectrophotometric Estimation of Rosuvastatin Calcium in Bulk and Pharmaceuti...SriramNagarajan15
Rosuvastatin calcium of the class statins is used for primary hyperlipidemias. It is a selective and competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. In the present work, simple, sensitive and economic spectrophotometric method has been developed for quantitative determination of Rosuvastatin calcium. In the present spectrophotometric method Rosuvastatin calcium was dissolved in double distilled water. It exhibited an absorption maximum at 241 nm and obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 5-25g/ml. The results of analysis have been validated and found to be sensitive, precise and accurate for quantitative determination of Rosuvastatin calcium in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations.
ETORICOXIB AND PREGABALIN OF METHOD DEVLOPMENT IN RPHPLC BY UPEXA BAVADIYAUpexaBavadiya
Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Etoricoxib and Pregabalin in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form by RP-HPLC 2K21 GTU MASTER IN PHARMACY BY UPEXA BAVADIYA
NOVEL SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FOUR SARTANS...Dr. Ravi Sankar
The core AIM of the present study is to develop a novel, rapid, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method for simultaneous separation and quantification of Hydrochlorothiazide along with four sartans Telmisartan(TELM), Losartan(LOSA), Olmesartan(OLME) and Valsartan(VALS).
To develop Novel methods for separation and quantification of all the above said drugs on single chromatographic system without any minor changes in detection wavelength and mobile phase composition.
Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantificati...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Plerixafor (PLX) injections are administered to patients with cancers of lymphocytes
(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) and plasma cells (multiple myeloma). The main
objective of the current study was to develop a short reverse phase chromatographic
method for the simultaneous quantification of PLX and its impurities, in an injection
formulation, to reduce the time required for these quality tests. Furthermore, the
present work describes the role of nonalkyl branched nonquaternary ion pair reagent
in improving the peak shape and reducing column equilibration time. The separation
of PLX and its related substances is pH dependent (optimum pH = 2.50) and was
achieved on an octadecylsilyl (C18) column. The method was validated for its intended
purpose in accordance with the current regulatory guidelines for validation. The
proposed method can be applied for quality control, release, and stability analyses of
active pharmaceutical ingredient, PLX, as well as finished products, PLX injections
Chemometrics Analysis and It's application in Herbal Drugs.pptxkaminiChaturvedi
CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND IT’S APPLICATION IN HERBAL DRUGS
INTRODUCTION
Chemometrics is, "the chemical discipline that uses mathematical, statistical, and logical techniques to create or select optimal measurement processes and experiments, and to offer maximum chemical information by analysing chemical data."
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMOMETRICS
Chemometrics is the English name for the Swedish term "kemometri," which was first used in 1971 by Swedish physicist Svante Wold
The following two journals were launched in the years 1986 and 1987: "Journal of Chemometrics" and "Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems" raised the intellectualization of equipment and provided new construction techniques for new, high-dimensional hyphenated equipment
CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMOMETRICS
Monovariate
Multivariate- Supervised, Unsupervised
CHEMOMETRIC TOOLS
PCA
A multivariate tool called PCA
It is used to identify the primary cause of variability in the data sets
It is used to determine the relationship between an object and a variable and to detect cluster formatting
The main goal of PCA is reducing the dimension of a data set and multivariate compression of data
APPLICATION OF CHEMOMETRIC IN HERBAL PLANTS
Authenticity
Efficacy
Consistency
Safety evaluation
Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Oral Hypoglycaemic Drug D...ijtsrd
HPLC is a chromatographic technique employed in active compound chemistry and biochemistry to separate a mixture and substances with the goal of identifying, measuring, and purifying the different components of the mixture. Its a much better variety of column and traditional chromatography. The objective of the research work is to develop and validate a simple and accurate reverse phase chromatographic method to estimate amount of drug in dosage form. The developed method successfully can be applied to estimate the amount of Dapagliflozin in tablet dosage form. After oral administration of dapagliflozin, the maximum plasma concentration Concentration max under two hours. High performance liquid chromatographic system was alleviated according to the chromatographic settings. After attaining the steady base line, to verify the system suitability, a single 40 µg ml of standard solution proportional to 100 test concentration of dapagliflozin was injected into the HPLC system. The gradient mobile phase flow rate programming assisted in optimising the lengthy run duration and resolution of sample analysis, making the approach more cost effective and quick. Validation of the developed and optimized HPLC method was carried out according to ICH guidelines with respect to parameters such as linearity, specificity, precision and accuracy. Junaid Ahmed | Himanchal Sharma | Shiva Teotia "Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Oral Hypoglycaemic Drug Dapagliflozinina Tablet Dosage form by the Employment of Rp-HPLC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46395.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/46395/method-development-and-validation-for-estimation-of-oral-hypoglycaemic-drug-dapagliflozinina-tablet-dosage-form-by-the-employment-of-rphplc/junaid-ahmed
This is the presentation on Role of advancement in instrumentation in pharmacodynamic evaluation of drugs
in clinical trials.
CONTENTS
Concept of medical instrument and instrumentation
Centrifuge
PCR
HPLC
Flow cytometry
Mass SPECTROMETRY
Minimally invasive technologies in PD
Conclusion
Chromatography is a technique for separating various inorganic and organic compounds. It is one of the separation techniques used as differential migration. It is more advantageous over conventional separating methods such as crystallization, solvent extraction and distillation. The purpose of presentation is to present various chromatographic techniques included a few advanced forms such as FC, HPLC,UPLC and UPCC (Super Critical chromatography).These are rapid forms of chromatographic techniques based on air pressure driven, optimized for rapid and precise separation of an organic compound.
HPLC (RP-HPLC) Method Development for simultaneous estimation of EMP & LNGLaxmanBulbule1
In this presentation, one can find out how to develop RP-HPLC method for
an antidiabetic drugs like Empagliflozin & Linagliptin by using ICH guidelines. One can also find degradation result of same drug.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Similar to Method development and validation of Sodium Cromoglycate (20)
Data Centers - Striving Within A Narrow Range - Research Report - MCG - May 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) expects to see demand and the changing evolution of supply, facilitated through institutional investment rotation out of offices and into work from home (“WFH”), while the ever-expanding need for data storage as global internet usage expands, with experts predicting 5.3 billion users by 2023. These market factors will be underpinned by technological changes, such as progressing cloud services and edge sites, allowing the industry to see strong expected annual growth of 13% over the next 4 years.
Whilst competitive headwinds remain, represented through the recent second bankruptcy filing of Sungard, which blames “COVID-19 and other macroeconomic trends including delayed customer spending decisions, insourcing and reductions in IT spending, energy inflation and reduction in demand for certain services”, the industry has seen key adjustments, where MCG believes that engineering cost management and technological innovation will be paramount to success.
MCG reports that the more favorable market conditions expected over the next few years, helped by the winding down of pandemic restrictions and a hybrid working environment will be driving market momentum forward. The continuous injection of capital by alternative investment firms, as well as the growing infrastructural investment from cloud service providers and social media companies, whose revenues are expected to grow over 3.6x larger by value in 2026, will likely help propel center provision and innovation. These factors paint a promising picture for the industry players that offset rising input costs and adapt to new technologies.
According to M Capital Group: “Specifically, the long-term cost-saving opportunities available from the rise of remote managing will likely aid value growth for the industry. Through margin optimization and further availability of capital for reinvestment, strong players will maintain their competitive foothold, while weaker players exit the market to balance supply and demand.”
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
Algorithmic optimizations for Dynamic Levelwise PageRank (from STICD) : SHORT...
Method development and validation of Sodium Cromoglycate
1. PRESENTED BY :
Miss. Bhosale S. B.
M. Pharm. 2nd year
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Quality
Assurance
CO -GUIDED BY :
Miss. Wale R.R.
M. Pharm.
Dept. of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry.
GUIDED BY :
Dr. Gholve S. B.
M. Pharm., Ph.D.
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Quality
Assurance
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
for the fulfillment of award of degree of
MASTER OF PHARMACY
in
2. 1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE OF REVIEW
3. AIM & OBJECTIVE
4. NEED OF STUDY
5. PLAN OF WORK
6. MATERIALS AND METHODS
7. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS
8. SUMMARY
9. CONCLUSION
10. REFERENCE
7/13/2023
2
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
3. Analytical method development is the process of selection of accurate assay method for the determination
of composition in a formulation.
Methods are developed to support drug testing against specifications during manufacturing and quality
release operations, as well as during long-term stability studies.
• Purpose of analytical method development ….
When there is no official drug or drug combination available in Pharmacopoeias.
The existing analytical procedures may need costly reagents and solvent.
When, there is no analytical method for the formulation of the drug due to the
interference caused by the formulation excipients.
The improvement of the analytical method development and analytical instrument
have reduce the time and cost of analysis and enhanced precision and accuracy.
7/13/2023
3
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
4. 7/13/2023
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR 4
Validation guidelines
1. ICH-Q2A “ Text on Validation of Analytical Procedure”: (1994)
2. ICH-Q2B “ Validation of Analytical Procedure : Methodology”:
(1995)
3. CDER “ Reviewer Guidelines: Validation of Chromatographic
Method” (1994)
4. CDER “Submitting Sample and Analytical Data for Method
Validation” (1987)
5. CDER Draft “ Analytical Procedure and Method Validation” (2000)
6. USP<1225>Validation of Compendial Methods (current revision)
7. ICH-Q1A “Stability study for drug substance and drug products”
8. ICH-Q1B “Photostability study”
Validation parameters
1. Specificity
2. Range
3. Linearity
4. Limit of detection (LOD)
5. Trueness
6. Limit of quantitation (LOQ)
7. Precision
8. Robustness
9. Accuracy
10. Ruggedness
VALIDATION
Is the process of establishing documentary evidence demonstrating that a procedure, process, or activity
carried out in testing and then production maintain the desired level of compliance at all stages.
or
The act of officially or legally certifying or approving something. or validity of something. or to attest to
the truth.
5. SODIUM CROMOGLYCATE
Cromolyn sodium first discovered by Roger E. C. Altounyan in the early 1960s derived from a
healing herb called Ammi visnaga. Sodium cromoglycate used for the treatment of asthma and
other allergic disorders in both adults and children also.
Mechanism of Action : Sodium cromoglycate is an mast cell (present in eyes, nose, air passages,
along the digestive tract etc.) stabilizing agent. It works on certain cells in the body (mast cells) to
prevent them from releasing substances i.e. Histamine, leucotrines etc. that cause allergic
symptoms.
Side effects : Skin rash, Joint pain, Dizziness, Headache, Mouth and throat irritation, Unpleasant
taste, Blurred vision, Stinging or burning sensation of eyes.
Route of administration : Nesal spray, Nebulizer solution, Inhalers, Eye drops, Oral forms.
7/13/2023
5
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
6. Sr. No. Authors Description
1 Muhammad
F, et.al.
(2022)
This activity outlines the evaluation and treatment of asthma and explains the role of the inter
professional team in managing patients with this condition.
2 Alberto Papi
et.al. (2020)
Asthma is a common chronic disease characterized by episodic or persistent respiratory
symptoms and airflow limitation. The benefits of currently available treatments and the
possible strategies to overcome the barriers that limit the achievement of asthma control in
real-life conditions and how these led to the GINA 2019 guidelines for asthma treatment and
prevention will also be discussed.
3 Jaclyn Quirt
et.al.(2018)
Asthma is the most common respiratory disorder in Canada.
This article provides a review of current literature and guidelines for the appropriate
diagnosis and management of asthma in adults and children.
4 Christopher
Brightling,
et.al. (2017)
Asthma is a consequence of complex gene–environment interactions, with heterogeneity in
clinical presentation and the type and intensity of airway inflammation and remodeling. The
goal of asthma treatment is to achieve good asthma control- i.e. to minimize symptom
burden and risk of exacerbations.
7/13/2023
6
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
7. Sr. No. Authors Methodology Description
1 Maha A. Hegazy et.
al. (2018)
HPTLC and
HPLC
SP : C8 ( Rp 250×4mm, 5um)
Mp : ACN:Methanol:0.05M pot. dihydrogen phosphate =
20:30:50v/v/v
Flow rate : 1.2ml/min
Inj. Vol. : 20μL λ Max : 240nm
2 H. Elmansi et.al.
(2017)
IJPSR
Isocratic HPLC SP : C-18 (100mm×2.1mm, 1.7um)
MP : Methanol : OPA: ACN = 50:15:35v/v/v
Flow rate : 0.25ml/min, Inj. Vol. : 20μL . λ Max : 326nm
3 Magdy N et.al. (2016)
Analytical Chemistry
an Indian Journal
HPLC SP : C-18 (250×4.6mm, 5um)
MP: ACN : Water = 70:30
Flow rate : 1ml/min
Inj. Vol. : 10μl. λ Max : 235nm, RT : 11min
4 H. Elmansi (2016)
JCS
HPLC SP : C-18 (250mm×4.6mm, 5um)
MP: Methanol: 0.1M Phosphate buffer = 60:40v/v
Flow rate: 1ml/mil
Inj. Vol. : 20μL, λ Max : 220nm
7/13/2023
7
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
9. AIM
Spectroscopic & chromatographic method development and validation of sodium cromoglycate in
bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
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9
OBJECTIVES
• To develop a new simple, accurate, precise, rapid spectroscopic & chromatographic method for
sodium cromoglycate.
• To validate the developed method as per ICH guidelines.
• To minimize following parameters ; Cost, Time, Chemicals and Compatibility for the ICH
guidelines.
• To study forced degradation charecteristics of sodium cromoglicate by UV-visible
spectroscopy.
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
10. • There are numerous marketed products which are needed to analyze for the potency of
SCG in the product.
• To develop new economically cheap, simple, accurate and potent spectroscopic and
chromatographic method.
• To study the force degradation characteristics of SCG.
• To confirm the intended purpose of SCG through validation as per ICH guidelines.
• To identify, separate, and quantify the chemical components of medicinal products.
• To decrease the chemical quantity, time, cost of the solvents, and compatibility with ICH -
Q2 (R1) guidelines.
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CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
11. Literature survey
Selection and procurement of drug
according to literature survey.
Whole drug profile
Selection of wavelength by critical examination of
UV absorbance spectra of the drug Selection of mobile phase
Method selection for chromatographic
analysis and working standards
concentration range
Validation of developed
method following ICH-
guidelines.
Statistical analysis and
calculation
Compilation of
results and
interpretation.
7/13/2023
11
Fig. 5.1. flow chart of plan of work CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
12. DRUG PROFILE
Working standard /drug sample purchased from Rakshit pharmaceutical private
limited, Mumbai.
7/13/2023
12
O
O
O O
OH
O
O
O
O
O
O
Na
Na
IUPAC NAME : Disodium5-(3-(2-carboxylato-4-oxocromen-5-yl) –oxy-2-
hydroxypropoxy-) -4-oxocromen-2-carboxylate.
Synonyms : cromolyn, cromoglycate, cromoglicate, sodium
cromoglicate or cromolyn sodium.
Table 6.1. Drug profile of sodium cromoglycate
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
13. 7/13/2023
13
Sr. No. Properties Description
3 Molecular formula C23H14O11Na2
4 Molecular weight 512.33 gm / mol
5 Melting point 260°C – 262°C
6 Log P 1.83
7 pKa 1.76
8 Bioavailability 1% Orally, 6-7% Inhalation spray.
9 Half Life 1.30hrs
10 Category Anti-asthmatic, Anti-allergic.
11 Mode of action Block the calcium channel and inhibit histamine
and leukotriene (SRS-A) release from mast
cell’s.
12 Route of
administration
Ophthalmic ( eye, nesal ), Oral.
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
14. CHEMICALS AND INSTRUMENTS
Sr. No. Chemicals Grade
1 Water Spectroscopic and HPLC grade
2 Acetonitrile HPLC grade
3 0.1% perchloric acid HPLC grade
Sr. No. Instruments Models
1 Wt. Balance Phoenix ISO 9001 Company
2 Sonicator Pci Analytical Sonicator
3 FT-IR PerkinElmer UATR Two
4 UV spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV -1800
5 HPLC Agilent 1220 infinity LCLC Shimadzu
6 pH meter BVK- Enterprises
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Table 6.2. Instruments & Models
Table 6.3. Chemicals & Grade
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
15. DRUG AUTHENTIFICATION
1. Melting point : 261 - 263°C
2. Solubility : Freely soluble acetonitrile, water,
slightly soluble in methanol, then ethanol , insoluble
in ether.
3. FT - IR Spectroscopy : Identity of drug was
confirmed by comparing FT-IR spectra with sodium
cromoglycate (SCG) standard for presence of
functional groups.
7/13/2023
15
O
O
O O
OH
O
O
O
O
O
O
Na
Na
Fig. 6.1. Structure of SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
16. 7/13/2023
16
Functional groups
names
Standard
peak range
(cm-1)
Observed
peak (cm-1)
Aromatic CH3 group 3250-3100 3104.36
R-C=O aldehyde group 2970-2800 2841.56
C=C aromatic alkenes 1740-1590 1697.49
C-C aromatic stretching 1630-1400 1552.18
CH3 aliphatic group 1480-1350 1442.61
O -H Stretching 1450-1300 1317.86
C -O- Strong 1320-1190 1285.67
C - O -O- carboxylic
group
990-900 926.05
Administrator 845
Name
Sample 845 By Administrator Date Friday, March 25 2022
Description
4000 450
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
102
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
cm-1
%T
496.90cm-1, 65.84%T
611.52cm-1, 67.53%T
743.85cm-1, 70.07%T
1 6 5 4 . 8 9 c m - 1 , 7 1 . 8 6 % T
763.57cm-1, 72.28%T
1552.18cm-1, 74.57%T
1 4 4 2 . 6 1 c m - 1 , 7 5 . 7 8 % T
1416.10cm-1, 76.02%T
979.83cm-1, 76.44%T
813.68cm-1, 77.66%T
790.83cm-1, 78.12%T
1197.07cm-1, 79.37%T
926.29cm-1, 80.62%T
1227.99cm-1, 80.84%T
1242.86cm-1, 80.85%T
553.03cm-1, 80.85%T
953.82cm-1, 81.86%T
1285.67cm-1, 82.70%T
1317.86cm-1, 83.53%T
1697.49cm-1, 83.97%T
3 1 0 4 . 3 6 c m - 1 , 8 5 . 1 2 % T
1055.70cm-1, 86.36%T
1091.67cm-1, 87.52%T
2841.56cm-1, 89.70%T
Fig. 6.2. FT-IR spectra of SCG
Table. 6.4. Functional group ranges for SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
17. SAMPLE PREPARATION PROCEDURE FOR UV
• Preparation of Standard stock solution :
10 mg drug + 100ml volumetric flask, make up the volume with MP ( ACN: Water = 80 : 20 ) i.e. 100µg /ml final
solution prepared. From above solution pipette out 10 ml and make up to 100 ml with MP to form 10µg/ml final
solution.
• Preparation of Working sample solution :
From above Standard stock solution pipette out 0.2ml, 0.4ml, 0.6ml, 0.8ml & make up the volume up to 10ml to
form 2µg/ml, 4µg/ml, 6µg/ml, 8µg/ml &10µg/ml respectively.
• Preparation of solution from marketed formulation (ASSAY) :
Label claim: Each ml of Eye drop contains 40 mg Sodium Cromoglycate ( Cromal forte 2% NaCr2 )
i.e. 0.125 ml contains 5 mg sodium cromoglycate so, 0.125 ml of eye drop was transferred in 10 ml volumetric
flask and mixed with 10 ml diluents. (Conc. = 500 µg/ml). Pipette out 1.0 ml of above solution in 10 ml
volumetric flask. Add 5 ml diluents and vortex, make up the volume with diluents. (Conc. = 50 µg/ml)
7/13/2023
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CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
18. SAMPLE PREPARATION PROCEDURE FOR RP-HPLC
• Preparation of Standard stock solution :
Initially Prepare a Standard Stock Solution (SSS-I) of Sodium cromoglycate by adding 5mg in 10 ml volumetric flask
& add 5 ml diluent and mix and sonicate for 5 minutes. Make up the volume to 10 ml with diluent. (Conc. = 500
µg/ml)
Pipette out 1.0 ml of SSS-I in 10 ml volumetric flask. Add 5 ml diluent and vortex; make up the volume with diluent.
(Conc. = 50 µg/ml).
• Preparation of Working solution :
From above standard solution pipette out 0.8ml, 0.9ml, 1ml, 1.1ml &1.2ml make up the volume with diluent up to
10ml to form 40µg/ml, 45µg/ml, 50µg/ml, 55µg/ml & 60µg/ml respectively.
• Preparation of 0.1% per chloric acid :
In a 1000 ml measuring cylinder, take 700 ml of HPLC grade Water, add 1 ml of perchloric acid and mix well, make
up to the mark with HPLC grade water. Filter twice using 0.45µ nylon filter membrane and sonicate to degas for
15min.
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CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
19. FOR BULK DRUG
• Selection of wavelength :
Standard stock solution of sodium cromolyn 10 µg / ml was prepared by using Acetonitrile :
Water (80:20) ratio. The maximum absorbance was observed at 272nm.
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Fig. 7.1. UV-visible spectra of SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
7. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
20. 7/13/2023
20
SYSTEM SUITABILITY
Single sample was prepared as described and 6 injections were made from same
sample and checked for system suitability, obtained results are ˂ 2 % RSD.
Sr. No
Conc. (µg/ml)
Absorbance
2
1 0.445
2 0.452
3 0.45
4 0.453
5 0.448
6 0.45
Average 0.44966666
SD 0.00287518
%RSD 0.63940277
Table 7.1. System suitability data for SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
21. Linearity study from the working standard at different conc. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 µg/ ml of drug
solution was carried out. Absorbance was measured at 272 nm and results are recorded in
table 7.2.
y = 0.174x + 0.112
R² = 0.999
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0 5 10 15
Series1
Linear (Series1)
Sr. No. Conc.
(µg/ml)
Absorbance
1 2 0.45
2 4 0.816
3 6 1.18
4 8 1.492
5 10 1.856
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Table 7.2. Linearity data for SCG
Fig. 7.2. Linearity curve for SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
Conc. µg/ml
Absorbance
29. 7/13/2023
29
For marketed formulation : (Cromal forte 4%)
Label claim: Each ml of eye drop contains 40 mg sodium cromoglycate.
i.e. 0.125ml contains 5 mg sodium cromoglycate. So, 0.125 of eye drop was
transferred in 10 ml volumetric flask and mixed with 10 ml diluent. (Conc. = 500
µg/ml).
Formula:
• % Assay = Sample area / Standard area ×100
• % Assay = 0.690 / 0.680 ×100
• % Assay = 101.47 %.
ASSAY
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
30. RP-HPLC RESULTS
S. P. M. P. Diluent λ Max RT TP Asym.
Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq
(250 x 4.6mm, 5µ)
0.1% Perchloric acid:
Acetonitrile -50:50
50% 0.1% PCA : 50% ACN 250 2.92 554 0.73
Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq
(250 x 4.6mm, 5µ)
0.1% Perchloric acid :
Acetonitrile - 60:40
50% 0.1% PCA : 50% ACN 250 2.95 1576 0.83
Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq
(250 x 4.6mm, 5µ)
0.1% Perchloric acid :
Acetonitrile - 70:30
50% 0.1% PCA : 50% ACN 250 3.27 3469 0.77
Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq
(250 x 4.6mm, 5µ)
0.1% Perchloric acid :
Acetonitrile - 90:10
50% 0.1% PCA : 50% ACN 272 12.43 8992 1.10
Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq
(250 x 4.6mm, 5µ)
0.1% Perchloric acid :
Acetonitrile - 80:20
50% 0.1% PCA : 50% ACN 272 4.59 8876 1.11
Method development :
Depending on the wavelength, retention time, theoretical plate and asymmetry factor fourth no. of
method was optimized because of higher TP, lower retention time, less than 2 asymmetry factor.
7/13/2023
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Table 7.10. Chromatographic Trials for Obtaining Optimized Methods
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
33. 5
Fig. 7. 9. Optimized Chromatogram for SCG
7/13/2023
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CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
34. Sr. No. Parameters Conditions
1 Column Oven Temp. 30°C
2 Flow Rate 1 ml/min
3 Run Time 10 min
4 Inj. Volume 10 µL
5 Mobile Phase 0.1% perchloric acid : Acetonitrile,
80:20v/v
6 Diluent Acetonitrile: 0.1% perchloric acid,
50: 50v/v
7 Wavelength 272 nm
8 Column Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq (250 x 4.6
mm, 5µ)
CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS
7/13/2023
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Table 7.11. chromatographic conditions for SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
35. 7/13/2023
35
SELECTION OF WAVELENGTH
• From standard stock solution 10ug/ml sample was injected in HPLC system with PDA
detector. The observed maximum area of drug was at 272nm.
Fig. 7.10. Chromatogram of blank solution of SCG Fig. 7. 11. Chromatogram of standard solution of SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
36. LINEARITY
Linearity was determined for SCG in the range of 40 – 60ug/ml concentration. Linearity parameters
are observed and calculated as Slop, Range, & Correlation coefficient which pass the limits
according to ICH guidelines.
Sr. No Conc. (µg/ml) Area
1 40 2808897
2 45 3186270
3 50 3512722
4 55 3848126
5 60 4223381
y = 69816x + 25055
R² = 0.999
2500000
2700000
2900000
3100000
3300000
3500000
3700000
3900000
4100000
4300000
4500000
30 40 50 60 70
Area
Concentration (ug/ml)
Linearity
Fig.7.12. Linearity curve for SCG
7/13/2023
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Table 7.12. Linearity data for SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
37. Parameters Observation
Range 40-60µg/ml
Regression equation 69816.48x+ 25055.2
Correlation coefficient (r2) 0.9993
Slope 69816.48x
Intercept 25055.2
LOD 2.52
LOQ 7.64
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Table 7.13. LOD, LOQ data for SCG
LIMIT OF DETECTION & LIMIT OF QUANTITATION
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
38. 7/13/2023
38
SYSTEM SUITABILITY
System suitability parameters are ;
Retention time,
Theoretical plates,
Asymmetry (Tailing factor).
Sample RT TP Asym. Area
Rep 1 4.58 8287 1.19 3512722
Rep 2 4.58 8365 1.10 3535254
Rep 3 4.58 8214 1.12 3525785
Rep 4 4.58 8202 1.09 3508674
Rep 5 4.58 8352 1.08 3518977
Rep 6 4.58 8288 1.15 3598741
Average 4.58 3533358.833
SD 9.72951E-16 33400.11779
%RSD 000 0.95
Table 7.14. System suitability data for SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
39. ACCURACY
The developed method was found to be accurate as
the % RSD values for accuracy studies were <2%,
as recommended by ICH guidelines.
Sr. no. Con.
(µg/ml)
Amt
Added
Area Amt
recov.
%
Recoveries
1 40 39.88 2808897 39.63 99.37
2 40 39.88 2813211 39.69 99.52
3 40 39.88 2827413 39.89 100.03
80% Mean 99.64
SD 0.342735077
%RSD 0.34
1 40 49.85 3512722 49.56 99.42
2 40 49.85 3535254 49.88 100.05
3 40 49.85 3525785 49.74 99.79
100% Mean (% Purity) 99.75
SD 0.3301959
%RSD 0.32
1 40 59.82 4223381 59.59 99.61
2 40 59.82 4259714 60.10 100.46
3 40 59.82 4258971 60.09 100.45
120% Mean 100.17
SD 0.48975366
%RSD 0.49
Fig. 7.13. HPLC chromatogram of SCG for 80%
Fig. 7.14. HPLC chromatogram of SCG for 120%
7/13/2023
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Table 7.15. Accuracy data for SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
40. REPEATABILITY
A single sample was prepared as described and 6
injections were made from same sample and
checked for system suitability. It’s limit of %
RSD is <2 % as per ICH guidelines.
Sr.
No
Conc. (µg/ml) Area
1 40 3512722
2 40 3535254
3 40 3525785
4 40 3508674
5 40 3518977
6 40 3598741
AVG 3533358.833
SD 33400.11779
%RSD 0.95
Table 7.16. Repeatability data of SCG
1
2
3
Fig. 7.15. Repeatability chromatogram of SCG
7/13/2023
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CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE(DEGREE), LATUR
41. ROBUSTNESS
Conditi
ons
Sample
ID
Area %
Assay
RT TP Asym.
0.8ml WS
DP
3687814
3652145
-
99.03
4.62
4.62
8324
8317
1.08
1.11
1.0ml WS
DP
3533358
3492674
-
98.85
4.58
4.58
8287
8178
1.09
1.15
1.2ml WS
DP
3692545
3659874
-
99.12
4.52
4.52
8237
8211
1.12
1.15
Flow rate
WS : Working standard,
DP : Drug products
Table 7.17. Robustness data of SCG for different flow rates
0.8ml
1.0ml
1.2ml
Fig. 7.16. Chromatograms of SCG for different flow rates
7/13/2023
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CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
42. Mobile phase composition :
Conditions
( % )
Sample
ID
Area %
Assay
RT TP Asym
metry
MP A = 78
MP B = 22
WS
DP
3529587
3502585
-
99.23
4.55
4.55
8345
8296
1.16
1.09
MP A = 80
MP B = 20
WS
DP
3533359
3492674
-
98.85
4.58
4.58
8287
8178
1.19
1.15
MP A = 82
MP B = 18
WS
DP
3578452
3556857
-
99.40
4.63
4.63
8421
8524
1.08
1.03
MP A = 0.1% Perchloric acid
MP B = Acetonitrile
Fig. 7.17. Chromatogram of SCG for MPA : MP B
78:22
80:20
82:18
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Table 7.18. Robustness data of SCG for different mobile phases
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
43. SPECIFICITY
There is no interference of the blank solution in region
of the main peak of SCG . Hence the solvent system &
chromatographic conditions are specific for the
method.
Fig. 7.18. Chromatogram of blank solution of the solvent
ASSAY
Label claim: Each ml of Eye drop contains contains 40
mg Sodium Cromoglycate. i.e. 0.125ml = 5mg of SCG.
0.125ml (1 drop) solution into 10ml volumetric flask and
make up volume to form 500µg/ml. solution. Pipette out 1ml
& make up to 10ml to form 50µg/ml final solution.
Formula:
% Assay = Sample area / Standard area ×100
Sample solution area = 3533358.83
Standard solution area = 3492674
% Assay = 98.85
7/13/2023
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CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
44. ANALYSIS OF MARKETED FORMULATION
Table 7.19. Ophthalmic solution analysis data for % Assay
Sample ID RT Area % Assay
WS 4.59 3533359 -
DP 4.59 3492674 98.85
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Fig. 7.17. Chromatogram for drug product of the SCG
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
45. SUMMARY
Parameters HPLC UV -Spectroscopy Limits
Range 40 - 60µg/ml 2 – 10µg/ml
(R2) 0.999 0.999 <1
Slope 69816.48 0.1744
Intercept 25055.2 0.112
Regression equation
(Y= mx + c)
Y=69816.48x + 25055.2 Y =0.1744x + 0.112
LOD 2.52µg/ml 0.05440 µg/ml To be determined
by test
LOQ 7.64µg/ml 0.1648 µg/ml
%Assay 98.85 % 101.4% 98 – 102%
System suitability 0.95 0.63940277 <2
Precision Repeatability -0.95% Intra-day1.789407
<2
Inter-day1.140092
7/13/2023
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CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
47. CONCLUSION
7/13/2023
47
The developed UV-Visible & RP-HPLC method was found to be simple, accurate, rapid,
selective, precise & robust for estimation of drug in ophthalmic dosage forms.
UV-Visible spectroscopy indicates that sodium cromoglycate is stable only in photolytic &
thermal environment not in acidic, basic &oxidative conditions.
Validation was performed as per ICH- guidelines.
CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
48. 1. B. K. Sharma, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, Goel
publishing house, Meerat, 10th edition, page no. 1 – 4, 200 – 203, 2000.
2. R. A. Nash and A. H. Wachter, Pharmaceutical Process Validation, an International third edition, Vol.
129.
3. CDER, Reviewer Guidance, “Validation of Chromatographic Methods.” 1994.
4. ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline. Validation of analytical procedure: Text and Methodology,
2005.
5. ICH, Q2A, Harmonized Tripartite Guideline, Validation of analytical Procedures Methodology,
IFPMA, Proceedings of the International Conference on Harmonization. Geneva, March 1994.
6. ICH Q2B, Harmonized Tripartite Guideline, Validation of analytical procedure methodology, IFPMA,
proceedings of the International Conference on Harmonization, Geneva, March 1996.
7. A. V. Kasture, S. G. Wadodkar, K. R. Mahadik, H. M. More, Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2nd edition, Vol.
1, page no. 1,4,48,169,1997.
8. Y. R. Sharma (2002), Elementary Organic Spectroscopy Principal and Chemical Analysis, S.Chand
publication, page no. 9.
9. G. R. Chatwal, S. R. Anand, Instrumental method of chemical analysis, Himalaya publication, 5th
edition, page no. 2.149, 2.566, 2.624.
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CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR
49. 10. Paparaju.Sowjanya, Nissankararao.Srinath, Kamatham.Srinivas.Sumanth, Devarapalli.Chaitanya,
Ammula.Pushpa Sai, Vantakula.Padmaja. Validated RP-HPLC method for estimation of sodium
cromoglycate in human plasma. IJPRD, 2013; Vol 5(01): March-2013 (112 – 120) .
11. Maha A. Hegazy , Medhat A. Al-Ghobashy, Basma M. Eltanany and Fatma I. Khattab. Validated
chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of sodium cromoglycate and
oxymetazoline hydrochloride in a combined dosage form. Journal of Advances in Chemistry - 2015. Vol.
11, No. 8.
12. M. E. Fathy, S. Abo El Abass Mohamed, H. Elmansi, and F. Belal. Simultaneous determination of
cromolyn sodium combined dosage forms using isocratic HPLC method. Journal of Chromatographic
Science, 2017, Vol. 55, No. 1, 14–22.
13. El-Kosasy AM, Omar AA, Magdy N and El Zahar NM. Validated stability indicating HPLC method for
determination of the polyanionic cromolyn sodiumi in presence of its alkaline degradate. Analytical
Chemistry: An Indian Journal -2016, Vol-16, Iss – 13.
14. Maha A. Hegazy, May H. Abdelwahab, Hassan A. M. Hendawy, Soheir A.Weshahy & Samah S. Abbas.
Validated HPTLC and HPLC methods for determination of fluorometholone and sodium cromoglycate
in presence of their impurities and degradation products; application to kinetic study And on rabbit
aqueous humor.Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 2018 - ISSN: 1082-6076
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CHANNABASWESHWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE (DEGREE), LATUR