Medical segregation cohort study of bio – medical waste management Authors:Naval Kishor Lodha, Krishna Murari, Biramchand Mewara, Gopal Sharma, Mahendra varma Int J Biol Med Res. 2023; 14(4): 7699-7701 | Abstract | PDF File

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Int J Biol Med Res.2023 ;14(4):7699-7701
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Int J Biol Med Res
Volume 14, Issue 4, Oct 2023
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ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Keywords:
Biomedical waste
infectious
Hospital
Medical Laboratory
Research laboratory
Healthcare organization
1. Introduction
Biomedical waste is any type of waste either solid or liquid
comprising of harmful materials produced by healthcare facilities
e.g. hospitals, practices, health camps etc. This waste comprises of
human tissues, contaminated blood, body fluids, discarded
medicines,drugs,contaminatedcotton,dressings,andsharpssuch
as needles, glass, blades, scalpels, lancets. Biomedical waste
collection and disposal has highest risk to healthcare, sanitation
workers and the general community. The biomedical waste minus
appropriate disinfection leads to acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS), Hepatitis B & C, severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS), tetanus, psychosocial trauma etc. Biomedical
waste management is significant to defend the environment and
healthofthepopulation.
BiomedicalWasteGeneratedby
BMWisthewasteproducedfrommedicalactivities
Generatedduring-diagnosis
Treatmentofhumanbeingsoranimals
Researchactivities
Productionortestingofbiologicalshealthcamps.
BiomedicalWasteisImportant
Duetoincreaseinpopulationtheamount
ofBMWgeneratedisincreasing.
Amountofinfectiouswasteisaround15%.
Amountofnon-infectiouswastesconstitutesnearly85%.
In absence of proper segregation, the non- infectious waste
becomesinfectiousandposesenvironmentalthreattothesociety
An inappropriate treatment and disposal can help spread
infectiousdiseasesinsociety.
Biomedical waste (Hospital, Medical Laboratory,Research laboratory, Healthcare
organization) is any kind of waste containing infectious or potentially infectious materials
generated during the treatment of humans or animals as well as during research involving
biologics. It may also include waste associated with the generation of biomedical waste that
visually appears to be of medical or laboratory origin (packaging, unused bandages, infusion
kits etc.), as well research laboratory waste containing biomolecules or organisms that are
mainly restricted from environmental release. As detailed below, discarded sharps are
considered biomedical waste whether they are contaminated or not, due to the possibility of
being contaminated with blood and their propensity to cause injury when not properly
containedanddisposed.Biomedicalwasteisatypeofbiowaste.
Review article
Medical Segregation cohort study of Bio – Medical Waste Management
a b c d
Naval Kishor Lodha, Krishna Murari, Biramchand Mewara, Gopal Sharma, Mahendra varma
e
a
Head of Department of Clinical Microbiology, Bhagwan Dhanwantri CHikitsa Seva Sansthanz, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India
b
Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India
c
Professor , Department of , Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India
d
Principal of swasthye kaliyan paramedical college jaipur, Rajasthan, India
e
Principal of NIMS paramedical college jaipur, Rajasthan, India
* Corresponding Author :
Professor , Department of ,
Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India
Eamil: drnkjwr@gmail.com
Dr. Biramchand Mewara,
In Accordance The BMW Rules, 2016
Established 2017 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests
(MoEF), Government of India
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c

2. EffectsofBMW(18,19)
The improper management of BMW causes serious environmental
problemsintermsof:
AirPollution
WaterPollution
LandPollution
SoilPollution
Segregation(3,4)
Basicseparationofdifferentcategoriesofwastegeneratedatsource
Effective segregation alone can ensure effective bio-medical waste
management
TheBMWsmustbesegregatedinaccordancetoguidelineslaiddown
underschedule1ofBMWRules,2016.
BMW are classified in to 4 categories based on treatment options;
yellow,red,whiteandblue.
ForGeneralwaste,ablackcoloredplasticbag/containerisused.
BiomedicalWasteStorage(7)
Once collection occurs then biomedical waste is stored in a proper
placeSegregatedwastesofdifferentcategoriesneeds
to be collected in identifiable containers. The duration of storage
should not exceed for 8-10 hrs in big hospitals (more than 250
bedded)and24hrsinnursinghomes.
TreatmentofBiomedicalWaste(8)
Biomedical waste treatment refers to the procedures to
eliminate the harmful effects of the waste. There are numerous
treatment options which maximize safety during management and
disposal of the waste. It also reduces environmental hazards.
Incineration, Autoclaving, irradiation and chemical treatments are
themostusedmethodsformanagementandcleansingofbiomedical
waste.
Segregation of BMW in Color Coded Bags(16)
Incineration(20)
It is a treatment process used to transform pathological and
pharmaceutical waste into ash, flue gases and heat. Functioning
temperature for incineration should be in the range of 800-1400
degree Celsius. It reduces the bulk of waste by 90-95% and thus
decreasesharmfuleffectsonthesurroundings.
Autoclaving
It is a method of steam sterilization and is the most common
substitute to incineration. Autoclaving necessitates a temperature of
121 degree Celsius and pressure of about 15 pounds per square inch
(psi) for 20-30 minutes. This action is applied to inactivate the
contagious agents and to sterilize the apparatus used in clinical
services. It is less expensive and carries no recognized health
impacts.
Chemicaltreatment(5)
This treatment is frequently used to decontaminate liquid waste,
so that it can be disposed-off nearby. It makes use of a number of
techniques such as oxidation, reduction, precipitation and pH
neutralization to transform waste into less dangerous substances.
Chlorine, sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide can be used agreeing to
thenatureofwaste.
Irradiation
These methods are at present being used in waste treatment
procedures which include gamma, electron-beam, ultraviolet and X-
rays. Irradiation sterilizes waste in a sealed off chamber by
uncovering it to a radioactive cobalt-60 which gives out gamma rays
that are lethal to micro-organisms. It is very costly as associated to
othermethodsandprotectionsmustbetakentoguardworkersfrom
detrimentaleffectsofradiationssuchascancer,radiationsicknessor
evendeath.
DisposalofBiomedicalWaste(13)
Land disposal is usually employed for remediation of waste
whichisdecontaminatedbyappropriatetreatmentapproaches.This
technique is generally used in developing countries which includes
the throwing away of waste into a landfill. Land-filling should be
conducted at places where groundwater level is low and which are
far from flooding sources. Radioactive wastes are commonly
dumped in the oceans far away from human inhabitations. Every
state and local government has its own rules and regulations for
dumpingofsanitizedwaste.
Conclusion
Waste generation should be curtailed for the protection of
environment and overall public health. People must be alerted to the
issues connected to biomedical waste and should contribute in the
programs structured for waste minimization. The medical
employees must be taught to create alertness and foster
accountabilities for inhibition of exposure and unsafe disposal to the
waste. Medical personnel should rigorously follow all the rules and
regulationsinstigatedbyconcernedgoverningbodies.
7700
Naval Kishor Lodha /Int J Biol Med Res.14(4):7699-7701
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