2. ACTIVITY 1:
Rock Cycle in Action
1. What are the three basic types of rocks?
-IGNEOUS ROCK, SEDIMENTARY ROCK,
METAMORPHIC ROCK
Rock Type Formation Process
Igneous
Igneous rock is one of three main rock types. It
forms when hot, melted rock (magma or lava)
cools and hardens. This melted rock can come
from inside the Earth's mantle or crust.
Sedimentary
Sedimentary rocks are created when tiny bits
of minerals or plants gather on the Earth's
surface and stick together over time. This
happens because these bits settle down and
get glued together.
Metamorphic
Metamorphic rocks were once different rocks
but got transformed. This happens when rocks
experience lots of heat, pressure, or hot fluids,
or sometimes a mix of these things.
2. Using the chart below, describe the types of
rock through the crayon rock activity. 3. Illustrate the rock cycle guided by the crayon
rock activity and the text above.
Classification of Rocks
3. 1. What are the three (3) basic classification
of rocks?
- Igneous rocks, Sedimentary rocks,
Metamorphic rocks
2. How do sedimentary rocks form?
- form from the accumulation and
compaction of sediments.
3. How do igneous rock form?
- from the cooling of magma or lava.
4. How do metamorphic rocks form?
- form from the alteration of other rocks
due to heat, pressure, or chemical
reactions.
ACTIVITY 2: MEETING THE ROCKS
4. REFLECTION
1. I learned that there are three types of rocks: igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic. They form in different ways.
Igneous rocks cool from molten material, sedimentary rocks
come from particles settling and sticking together, and
metamorphic rocks change because of heat, pressure, or fluids.
Rocks are good good good hahaha
2. I Enjoyed most on the Crayon Rock Activity even though I
didn’t do it myself. what I did is, I watched videos on youtube
and its fun I hope that we will get to do it in school.
5. IMPORTANCE OF MINERALS TO SOCIETY
ACTIVITY 1: MINERALS HUNT
ALL MINERALS
• COAL
• COPPER
• GYPSUM
• BAUXITE
• GOLD
• ZINC
• COBALT
• POTASH
• PLATINUM
• PHOSPHATE
• IRON
• LITHIUM
• SILVER
6. ACTIVITY 3: MOST COMMONLY USED MINERALS
Bar Graph 1: Frequency of minerals present in the
given objects
Bar Graph 2: Frequency of what minerals in the
objects are used for
Guide Question:
1. Copper, iron, and clay are the
three elements. These three
minerals are found in many of
the products we use.
2. Technology. There is a
significant need for concepts
that can be applied to real-world
settings.
3. Energy-producing minerals.
Although it is required, only a
few minerals can be used as
energy sources.
Guide Question: (2)
1. Copper, Iron and Lithium.
These minerals are the ones that
compose the imported products.
2. Technology and energy. These
minerals are the ones that are
present in the things which the
country possibly demands or
needs.
3. Facemask…incorporate
copper because it has an
antiviral property
Disinfectant…fluorite can be
highly utilized
7. ACTIVITY 4: PHILIPPINE MINERAL DEMAND Tally Sheet
18
Guide Question:
1. Copper, Iron and Lithium. These minerals are the ones that
compose the imported products.
2. Technology and energy. These minerals are the ones that
are present in the things which the country possibly demands
or needs.
3. Facemask…incorporate copper because it has an antiviral
property Disinfectant…fluorite can be highly utilized
8. How ores are found, mined and
processed for human use
ACTIVITY 1: GUIDE QUESTION
2. One good way for geologists to find ore
bodies is by studying the Earth's features.
They collect samples, use technology like
drones, and look at past mining records.
They also create models to predict where
ore might be. Plus, they make sure it's
worth mining economically. So, they use a
mix of science, data, and history to locate
ore bodies effectively.
3. Geologists prefer core samples over
cutting mountains open to find ore
minerals because it's less harmful to
the environment, costs less, and is
safer. Core samples give them the
information they need without causing
big disruptions.
ACTIVITY 1: Cupcake Core Sampling
9. SIZE DEPTH
GEOGRAPHICAL
Cost Of Transporting
ENVIRONMENT
Cost of Developing
DEMAND PRICE
LANDOWNERS
REQUIREMENTS
4. Once ore minerals are located, there are several factors to be considered before mining.
10. TYPE OF
MINING Where Is it Used? Minerals mined
this way
Explanation of process
Open Cut Mining
deposits of commercially
useful minerals or rocks are
found near the surface
Coal, Iron Ore,
Copper, Gold
Etc.
Open-cut mining is like a big dig to get valuable stuff
from the ground, such as coal or gold. They find the
stuff, dig it out, clean it, and fix the ground when
they finish. They need to be careful with the
environment.
Dredge Mining
primarily in water bodies like
rivers, lakes, and coastal areas.
Diamonds, Sand
And Gravel,
Phosphate Etc.
a large machine scoops up stuff from the underwater
ground, like sand or valuable minerals. Then, they sort
out the valuable things from the rest. It's like a giant
underwater vacuum cleaner that collects treasures from
the seabed.
Underground
Mining
Underground mining is often chosen
when surface mining methods are not
feasible or when minimizing surface
disturbance is a priority.
Metal Ores,
Potash, Uranium,
Coal, etc.
In underground mining, miners go underground, dig
tunnels, and use machines to get valuable minerals
from deep in the Earth. It's a safer way to mine when
minerals are not close to the surface.
Leach mining
Leach mining is extensively
used in gold mining to extract
gold from low-grade ore.
Silver, Copper,
Nickel, Etc.
Leach mining is like using a special liquid to dissolve
valuable stuff from rocks. Then, you collect the liquid
with the valuable stuff in it and separate them. It's a bit
like making tea with minerals instead of tea leaves.
Area Strip Mining used in places with lots of
coal, oil sands, or minerals
near the surface.
Oil Sands
(Bitumen), Coal,
Phosphate
they use big machines to scrape away the top layer
of dirt, get the valuable minerals, and then put the
dirt back. It's like digging for treasure in your
backyard and then filling the hole.
ACTIVITY 2: MINING METHODS
11. LEACH MINING
it's a less harmful
way to extract
minerals from ore. It
reduces the need for
digging big holes
in the ground
and causing less
damage to the
environment.
it can be a cost
effective way to
extract valuable
minerals from ore. It
often requires fewer
resources and
expenses compared
to traditional mining
methods.
Leach mining is good
for people in nearby
communities because it often
creates jobs and brings
economic benefits. This can
improve the lives of the people
who live there.
2. From the given types of mining, choose one best for you. Use the concept map below to present your
chosen type of mining. Justify your answer.
12. ACTIVITY 3: MINING AND THE ENVIRONMENT
1. What is mineral processing?
-Mineral processing is like separating valuable
things from a mix of rocks. It involves different
methods to get the valuable stuff out, like
crushing and sorting. It's important because it
turns raw materials into useful products we use in
everyday life, like metals and construction
materials.
2. What are the steps in mineral processing after ore
extraction?
1.Crushing: Crush the ore into smaller pieces.
2.Grinding: Make it even smaller, like a fine powder.
3.Sorting: Separate the valuable stuff from the waste.
4.Separation: Use various methods to separate the valuable
minerals.
5.Removing Water: Get rid of extra water.
6.Smelting (if needed): Turn certain ores into pure metals.
7.Refining (if needed): Purify the extracted minerals or metals.
8.Manage Waste: Deal with the leftover waste carefully.
REFLECTION
1. I've learned that ores are
found by exploring the Earth's
surface. They're dug up using
different methods, and then
they go through steps like
crushing and sorting to get the
valuable stuff out. It's
important to handle the waste
carefully and be mindful of the
environment. This whole
process turns ores into things
we can use.
13. How Fossils are Formed
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What are fossil fuels?
-Fossil fuels are energy
sources made from ancient
plants and animals. When we
burn them, we get energy for
things like electricity, heat,
and transportation. They're
called "fossil" because
they're made from very old
stuff.
2. What are the types of fossil
fuels and their sources?
- COAL
- OIL(PETROLEUM)
- NATURAL GAS
NATURAL GAS
• is usually found in pockets above oil
deposits
• can also be found in sedimentary rock
layers that don’t contain oil
• is primarily made up of methane
Activity 1a: FOSSIL FUEL
PIZZA
Activity 1b: FOSSIL
FUELS: FACT OR
MYTH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
14. Activity 2a: FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Crude oil, coal and natural gas
are fossil fuels.
2. These are Fossil fuels that
have formed over millions of
years.
3. They are formed by the action
of temperature/heat and
pressure in the absence of
oxygen.
4. They are made from the dead
remains of plants and
animals.
FORMATION OF COAL
1. swampy, waterlogged
environments
2. When ancient plants died
and began the process of
becoming coal, they were
typically covered with layers
of sediment. These layers of
sediment could include
materials like mud, silt, sand,
and other debris.
3. coal mining
4. peat
5. water, heat, coal
FORMATION OF OIL
1. planktonic organisms such
as bacteria, archaea, algae,
protozoa, and drifting or
floating animals inhabited the
water that covered the Earth.
2. Planktonic organisms are
still present in the oceans and
other bodies of water today.
3. sedimentary rocks
4. kerogen
5. heat, weathering, oil
6. pores
7. underground reservoir
WHAT DO WE USE COAL AND OIL FOR?
-FUEL
