The Progressive Movement

1. The Progressive Movement

2. What were Progressives’ goals?
Government should be more active to cure social
problems.
1. Greater democracy; restore control of
government to the people
2. Correct the injustices of industrialization;
trust-busting
3. Moral reform; end child labor and prohibit
alcohol

3. Who were Progressives?
Populists: farmers/workers, in
South and West, lower/working
class
Progressives: middle class,
educated, urban, women, old
Social Gospel
Progressivism = Populism that
had “shaved its whiskers,
washed its shirt, put on a
derby, and moved up into the
middle class.”

4. Progressives were Muckrakers
• Lincoln Steffans,
Shame of the
Cities(1903)
• Jacob Riis, How the
Other Half Lives(1890-
1903)
• Ida M. Tarbell, The
History of the
Standard Oil Company
(1904)
• Upton Sinclair, The
Jungle (1906)

5. Progressives were Moral Crusaders
• “Americanization” of
Immigrants; Jane
Addams’ Hull House,
Chicago
• Prohibition (Women’s
Christian Temperance
Movement)

6. Progressives were Suffragettes
• Susan B. Anthony and Carrie Chapman Catt = National
American Woman Suffrage Association
• Alice Paul = National Woman’s Party

7. Progressives fought inefficiency and corruption
• Fredrick W. Taylor,
Principals of Scientific
Management, 1911
• Ford Motor Co.: assembly
line, 8 hr.day, $5/day
• Gov. Robert La Follette of
WI: railroad regulation,
direct primaries, limited
campaign expenditures and
lobbying
• Secret (Australian) Ballot,
Initiative, Referendum, and
Recall

8. Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
prohibits
activities that
restrict
interstate
commerce and
competition in
the marketplace

9. U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895)
Congress can regulate
interstate commerce, but
manufacturing was not
commerce

10. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
upheld state-imposed racial
segregation; established
principle of separate but equal

11. POTUS 26:Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt (1901-1909)

12. Northern Securities v. U.S. (1904)
reversed E.C
Knight vs.
United States;
Northern
Securities
Company had a
monopoly on
railroad traffic
across the
northern part of
the country;
ordered to
break-up

13. Northern Securities v. U.S. (1904)

14. Meat Inspection Act (1906)
The Jungle:
• meat piled in dark rooms where
"thousands of rats would race
about on it.”
• rats and other contaminants
included in processed meat
• allegations that workers would
fall into the giant vats and be
ground up with the meat and
sold to the public
required USDA inspectors

15. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
• prevent “the
manufacture, sale, or
transportation of
adulterated or
misbranded or
poisonous or
deleterious foods,
drugs or medicines,
and liquors
• created the Food and
Drug Administration
(FDA)

16. Antiquities Act (1906)
gave the President
the power
to proclaim
historic
landmarks,
historic and
prehistoric
structures, and
other objects of
historic or
scientific
interest to be
national monuments

17. POTUS 27:William Howard Taft (1909-1913)

18. American Tobacco v. U.S. (1911)
American Tobacco
Company violated the
federal Sherman Antitrust
Act of 1890 by seeking to
monopolize tobacco industry

19. Progressive Party:
Women’s suffrage
Income tax and inheritance tax
Workmen’s compensation
Abolition of child labor
Minimum wage
Social insurance

20. 1912 Election

21. After getting
shot during an
assassination
attempt, he
refused medical
attention and
stood outside
and gave a two-
hour speech in
before going to
the hospital to
get the bullet
removed.

22. “Friends, I shall ask you to be as quiet as possible. I don’t
know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot;
but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose. But
fortunately I had my manuscript, so you see I was going to
make a long speech, and there is a bullet — there is where the
bullet went through — and it probably saved me from it going
into my heart. The bullet is in me now, so that I cannot make
a very long speech, but I will try my best.”

24. POTUS 28:WoodrowWilson (1913-1921)

25. 16th Amendment (1913)
The Congress shall have
power to lay and collect
taxes on incomes, from
whatever source derived,
without apportionment among
the several States, and
without regard to any
census or enumeration.

26. 17th Amendment (1913)
The Senate of the United
States shall be composed of
two Senators from each
State, elected by the
people thereof, for six
years; and each Senator
shall have one vote. The
electors in each State
shall have the
qualifications requisite
for electors of the most
numerous branch of the
State legislatures.

27. Federal Reserve Act (1913)
created the
Federal
Reserve
System,
or "Fed"

28. Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
defines unethical
business practices,
such as price-fixing
and monopolies, and
upholds various
rights of labor

29. Keating-Owen Act (1916)
prohibited the interstate shipment
of goods produced in factories or
mines in which children under age
14 were employed

30. 18th Amendment (1919)
After one year from the
ratification of this
article the manufacture,
sale, or transportation of
intoxicating liquors
within, the importation
thereof into, or the
exportation thereof from
the United States and all
territory subject to the
jurisdiction thereof for
beverage purposes is hereby
prohibited.

31. Volstead Act (1919)
enforced Prohibition by
defining the process and
procedures for banning
alcoholic beverages, as
well as their production
and distribution

32. 19th Amendment (1920)
The right of citizens of
the United States to
vote shall not be denied
or abridged by the
United States or by any
State on account of sex.