The different automations in machining, transfer and part feeding operations.

1. AUTOMATION IN MACHINING
OPERATIONS
Kiran Vinu
1MS19MSE01-T

2. CONTENTS
 Automation
 Elements of automated system
 Automation in Machining
o Flexible Manufacturing System
 Program Sequence Control
 Numerical Control
o Robots
o Transfer System
 Rotary Indexing Machine
 Trunnion Machine
 Centre Column Machine
 Transfer Line
 Part Feeding Devices

3. AUTOMATION
 The technology by which a process or procedure is
accomplished without human assistance.
 It is implemented using a program of instructions
combined with a control system that executes the
instructions.
 3 types:
 Fixed automation
 Programmable automation
 Flexible automation

4. ELEMENTS OF AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM
 Power to accomplish the process and operate the
system
(electric power, fossil fuel, atomic power, water, air)
 A program of instructions to direct the process
 A control system to actuate the instructions
 Closed Loop System
 Open Loop System

5. WHY SHOULD WE AUTOMATE ?
 Higher production rates
 Better product quality
 Improved safety
 Reduction in production time
 Increase in accuracy and repeatability
 Less human error
 Less employee costs
 More efficient use of materials

6. AUTOMATION IN MACHINING
Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
 A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a form of
flexible automation in which several machine tools
are linked together by a material-handling system,
and all aspects of the system are controlled by a
central computer.
 An FMS is distinguished from an
automated production line by its ability to process
more than one product style simultaneously.
 Ideal when demand for the products is low to
medium and there are likely to be changes in
demand.

7.  The components of FMS:
 Processing machines, which are usually CNC
machine tools that perform machining operations
 A material-handling system, such as a conveyor
system, which is capable of delivering work parts to
any machine in the FMS.
 A central computer system that is responsible for
communicating NC part programs to each machine
and for coordinating the activities of the machines
and the material-handling system.
 Two basic forms
 Program sequence control
 Numerical control

8. PROGRAM SEQUENCE CONTROL
 The sequence of motions and switching is
controlled by relays, timers, switches, perforated
tape, plug boards and other controllers.
 Each line presents a different movement or switch.
It has to be printed correctly.
 There is no error control.

10. NUMERICAL CONTROL (NC)
 Numerical control is a form of programmable
automation in which a machine is controlled by
numbers (and other symbols) that have been coded
on an alternative storage medium.
 A position feedback control system is used in most
NC machines to verify that the coded instructions
have been correctly performed.
 Computer Numerical Control, or CNC.
 Direct Numerical Control, or DNC.

11. ROBOTS
 Humans are replaced by robots in many operations.
 Functions ranges from simple tasks like ‘pick and
place’ to more complex tasks like spot welding and
spray painting.
 Main advantage is the reduction of human labour
and human error.
 Design of product is an important aspect of robotic
assembly.

12. WHEN ARE ROBOTS USED ?
 The operation is repetitive, involving the same basic
work motions every cycle.
 The operation is hazardous or uncomfortable for
the human worker (e.g., spray painting, spot
welding, arc welding, and certain machine loading
and unloading tasks)
 The task requires a work part or tool that is heavy
and awkward to handle.

13. TRANSFER SYSTEMS
Rotary Indexing Machine
 To achieve higher rates of production, the rotary
indexing machine performs a sequence of
machining operations on several workparts
simultaneously.
 Parts are fixed on a horizontal circular table or dial,
and indexed between successive stations.

14. TRUNNION MACHINE
 This machine uses a vertical drum mounted on a
horizontal axis. The vertical drum is called a
trunnion.
 Several fixtures are mounted on it which hold the
workparts during processing.

15. CENTRE COLUMN MACHINE
 Another version of the dial indexing arrangement.
 In addition to the radial machining heads located
around the periphery of the horizontal table, vertical
units are mounted on the center column of the
machine.
 The center column machine is considered to be a
high-production machine which makes efficient use
of floor space.

16. TRANSFER LINE
 The workstations are arranged in a straight-line flow
pattern and parts are transferred automatically from
station to station.
 The transfer system can be synchronous or
asynchronous, workparts can be transported with or
without pallet fixtures, buffer storage can be
incorporated into the line operation if desired, and a
variety of different monitoring and control features
can be used to manage the line.
 The transfer machine offers the greatest flexibility.

17. PART FEEDING DEVICES
 Hopper
 Part Feeder
 Selector and Orientor
 Feed Track (gravity or powered)
 Escapement and Placement device
 Vertical Placement device
 Pick and Place mechanism

18. THANK YOU