GE8076 -PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING UNIT NOTES UNIT I HUMAN VALUES 10 Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service learning – Civic virtue – Respect for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing time – Cooperation –Commitment – Empathy – Self confidence – Character – Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga and meditation for professional excellence and stress management

1. P1WU
AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering

2. UNIT – I : TOPIC 19:
Introduction to Yoga and meditation for professional excellence
and stress management
AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering

3. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
YOGA
• Yoga is an ancient discipline designed to bring balance and health to the
physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of the individual, when
adopted as a way of life, yoga
• improves physical, mental, intellectual, and spiritual health.
• Yoga offers an effective method of managing and reducing stress, anxiety,
and depression, and numerous studies demonstrate the efficacy of yoga on
mood-related disorders.
• Yoga is often depicted metaphorically as a tree and comprises eight aspects,
or limbs: yama (universal ethics), niyama (individual ethics), asana (physical
postures), pranayama (breath control), pratyahara (control of the senses),
dharana (concentration), dyana (meditation), and samadhi (bliss).

4. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
Tree of Yoga
• When one thinks about Yoga today, the
first thing that comes to mind is the
physical practice of postures, or Asana.
• As described in Patañjali’s Yoga Sutras,
• Asana is only 1 of the 8 limbs of Yoga.
• Applying the other 7 will not only
deepen our physical and spiritual
practice but also help take our yoga off
the mat and into our daily lives.
• To help better understand how the 8-
step path comes all together

5. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
Tree of Yoga
• 1.Roots: Foundation for living honorably and clearly
• Yama – a list of outward observances representing principles of ethical behavior
• Ahimsa – non harming, compassion for self and others
• Satya – truthfulness, being honest with ourselves and others
• Asteya – non-stealing, freeing oneself from the desire to have something that has not earned or paid for
• Brahmacharya – wise and balanced use of energy
• Aparigraha – non-attachment, living with generosity of spirit and action
• 2.Trunk: Establishing a base of purity in one’s body and mind
• Niyama – Inward personal observances that improve the self and surrounding relations
• Sauca – cleanliness in one’s body, mind, and surroundings, treating our body as a temple
• Santosha – practice of contentment, seeing the good in things, counting one’s blessings
• Tapas – heat, energy of self-tranformation to promote a healthy mind, soul and body

6. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
Tree of Yoga
• 3.Trunk: Establishing a base of purity in one’s body and mind
• Niyama – Inward personal observances that improve the self and surrounding relations
• Sauca – cleanliness in one’s body, mind, and surroundings, treating our body as a temple
• Santosha – practice of contentment, seeing the good in things, counting one’s blessings
• Tapas – heat, energy of self-transformation to promote a healthy mind, soul and body
• Svadhyaya – study of texts and self study
• Isvarapranidhana – letting go of ego, a feeling of being an expression of the whole
universe.

7. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
Tree of Yoga
• 4.Branches: Strong and flexible to move with the wind of life
• Asana – physical practice of yogic postures
• 5.Leaves: Drawing in life force through the exchange of breath
• Pranayama – mastering the science of breath, breath control
• 6.Bark: Protecting the tree from outer elements and preventing its essence from flowing outward
• Pratyahara – turning awareness inward, sense withdrawal
• 7.Sap: Juice which carries the energy on this inward journey, links the whole tree as one
• Dharana – focused state of concentration, bringing the mind to a single point of focus
• 8.Fruit: The essence of the tree
• Samadhi – bliss, to feel unity, peace, freedom

8. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
The role of yoga in stress management
• Hans Selye first introduced the term stress into life science.
• The term stress is derived from the Latin word Stringere, which means “to be drawn
tight.”
• Stress is a complex, dynamic process of interaction between a person and his or her life.
• Stress can affect one’s health, work performance, social life, and the relationship with
family members.
• Eminent behavioral scientist Stephen Robbins defines stress as that which arises from an
opportunity, demand, constraint, threat, or challenge, when the outcomes of the event
are important and uncertain.
• Stress can also be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur
when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of
the worker.

9. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
The role of yoga in stress management
• Job stress can lead to poor health and even injury. Hence we can say that stress is
a silent killer, and prolonged exposure to stress may exert harmful effects on
physical, psychological, and behavioral well-being of an individual.
• According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 80% of
workers experience job stress.
• Kulkarni, in an article “Burnout” published in Indian Journal of Occupational and
Environmental Medicine, has said that the rapid change of the modern working
life is associated with increasing demands of learning new skills, the need to
adapt to new types of work, pressure of higher productivity and quality of work,
time pressure, and hectic jobs.
• These factors are increasing stress among the workforce.

10. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
IMPACT OF STRESS
• One of the studies quoted that stress-related disorders evolve gradually
through four recognizable stages.
1.In the first, psychological changes such as anxiety, irritability, and insomnia
arise, due to over-stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
2.In the second stage symptoms such as high blood pressure, elevated heart
rate, and increased intestinal motility surface.
3.In the third stage, a more profound physical or biochemical imbalance sets
in,
4.In the final fourth stage, irreversible symptoms that often require surgical
or long-term management appear.

11. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
IMPACT OF STRESS
• Increased sympathetic activation and the release of stress hormones, including
adrenaline, lead to increases in heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, body
temperature, and muscle tension.
• In contrast, the relaxation response has been proposed as an antidote to stress;
relaxation decreases heart rate, breathing, body temperature, and muscle
tension.
• Similar to stress in the workplace, college students are also often impacted by
stress. Academic stress can result from many different imperative stressors, such
as final grades, term papers, examinations, and excessive homework. Stress has
exhibited a negative correlation with cognitive performance, thus negatively
impacting academic performance.

12. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS
• A growing body of research evidence supports the belief that certain yoga techniques may
improve physical and mental health through down regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
• The HPA axis and SNS are triggered as a response to a physical or psychological demand
(stressor), leading to a cascade of physiologic, behavioral, and psychological effects, primarily as
a result of the release of cortisol and catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine).
• This response leads to the mobilization of energy needed to combat the stressor through the
classic fight-or-flight response.
• Over time, the constant state of hyper vigilance resulting from repeated firing of the HPA axis
and SNS can lead to dysregulation of the system, and ultimately diseases such as obesity,
diabetes, autoimmune disorders, depression, substance abuse, and cardiovascular disease.
Studies also show that yoga decreases levels of salivary cortisol, blood glucose, as well as plasma
renin levels, and 24-hour urine norepinephrine and epinephrine levels.

13. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS
• Yoga significantly decreases heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
• Studies suggest that yoga reverses the negative impact of stress on the immune
system by increasing levels of immunoglobulin A as well as natural killer cells.
• Yoga has been found to decrease markers of inflammation such as high sensitivity C-
reactive protein as well as inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and
lymphocyte-1B. These studies suggest that yoga has an immediate quieting effect on the
SNS-HPA axis response to stress.
• While the precise mechanism of action has not been determined, it has been
hypothesized that some yoga exercises cause a shift toward parasympathetic nervous
system dominance, possibly via direct vagal stimulation.
• Shapiro et al noted significant reductions in low-frequency heart rate variability (HRV)—
a sign of sympathetic nervous system

14. AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS
• Regardless of the pathophysiologic pathway, yoga has been shown to have
immediate psychological effects: decreasing anxiety and increasing feelings of
emotional, social, and spiritual well-being.
• Several literature reviews have been conducted that examined the impact of yoga
on specific health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic
syndrome, diabetes, cancer, and anxiety.
• Another study has shown improvement of mental health of both the young and
seniors by reducing stress through yoga. Yoga can be wisely applied in welfare
programs to improve the quality of life in all age groups.
• Yogic science includes yogasanas (postures), pranayama (breathing practices),
dhyana (meditation), and relaxation techniques which benefit human beings at
every level.

15. Any Questions?
AALIM MUHAMMED SALEGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – VIII
GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering