Science

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REVIEWER
Science 4
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Properties of Matter

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Lesson
Materials that Absorb or Repel
Water
1
Hello, kids. Welcome to the
amazing world of materials. I am
Spongee sponge. I will share to you
the interesting life I have, together
with my cousins and friends.
This is what my body looks like. I have
lots of small holes called pores that
enable the air, water or any liquid to pass
through me. These pores with
connecting fibers allow the liquid or air to
soak into my body. I am porous because I
have pores all over my body. This makes
me absorb as much water as I can.
Hence, I am absorbent.

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I am Peter paper. I am made from plant materials.
I have fibers which are called cellulose. Water is
attracted to me and it likes to be soaked up in my body.
I am absorbent as well.
Absorbent materials, like me, are normally seen in
objects with a lot of holes that liquid to get inside the
materialsand occupy the spacesin it through capillarity.
Capillarity is the special ability of liquid to pass
through narrow spaces without the assistance of an
external force like gravity (Balatbat and Delos Reyes,
2015).
Hi, my name is Tissy Tissue paper. The same with
Peter paper, I am also absorbent as I am made from
plant materialswith lots of fibers. However, my body
has more small spaces and loose fibers.
When water gets near, it likeestofill my spaces
as it follows the water attracted to the cellulose.
More spaces allow more water to be absorbed. That
is why, I absorb more water than Peter paper.
To know immediately which is more absorbent material is through measuring
the weight of the dry material, then measuring it again after it has been soaked in
liquid. Then, subtract the weight of dry material with the soaked material.
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Hello, I’m Celso cellophane. I am common
in the plastic family. I am light weight and
flexible. Water is repelled by me and I
cannot absorb it. That is why I am also non-
absorbent like Garry glass.
Hi, I’m Garry glass. Unlike my friends,
Spongee sponge, Peter paper and Tissy
tissue paper, I cannot absorb water.
I am non-porous. Look at my
body structure. My body is
compact. It does not allow
much air to flow and it does not
absorb water. Hence, I’m non-
absorbent.

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Have you
ever wondered why some things float and others sink?
(Communication Skill)
Hello there! I’m Kim. Today, let us explore on the things that float
or
sink. Everything about us is made of tiny microscopic particles
known
as molecules. Some objects have molecules that are packed
tightly together while others are loosely packed.
Objects with tightly packed molecules such as in marbles
have a higher density compared to objects with loosely packed
molecules such as in a Ping-Pong ball.
The density of an object makes it float or sink in water. When
the density of the object is greater than the density of water,
the object will sink. On the other hand, when thedensity of the
object is lower than water, the object will float.
Hence, since a marble has a density greater than water, it
willsink. The Pingpong ball, however, haslower densitythan water,
therefore it floats.
Lesson
Materials that Float or Sink
2

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The floating and sinking of object in a liquid depends on the
density of both the object and the liquid.
For example, iron will always have a density of about 7.9
g/cm3 no matter howlarge or small piece of iron is. With the given
densityofwateris1g/cm3,theironwillsink.However,thecorkwill
float in the water because has only a density of about 0.3 g/cm3.
Again, the density of an object determines whether it will
float or sink in the water. An object will float, if it is less dense
than the liquid it is placed in. An object will sink, if it is denser
than the liquid it is placed in.
The boat on the picture keeps itself afloat. The tendency of
an object, like a boat, to float in liquid is called buoyancy.
Because of upthrust, it makes the ship or boat to float in the
ocean. Upthrust is the force which is responsible in making an object
float or sink in the liquid. It is a push that always goes straight up,
against the direction of the gravity.

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Hi there! I’m Peter, I am a material which rot or decay.
When I decay, I become part of the environment and
used again by living things. My decaying process
takes place with the help of bacteria and fungi which
are known as decomposers. Decomposers help
breakdown dead plants and animals, returning
substancesandnutrients tothe soil for plants toreuse
intheformofnaturalfertilizers. Myfriendsare leaves,
animal wastes, food wastes and hair.
And I am John, I am the opposite of Peter. I am non-
decaying and do not rot. I can cause clogged
drainages as well as water and land pollution when
irresponsibly thrown away. I cannot be used as
resources for living things to grow but they I can be
recycled and reused by people using technology.
These are my friends, plastic bags, bottles, glass,
metal, and rubbertires.
Less
on
3
Materials that Decay
Communication Skill

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LET’S SUMMARIZE!
1. Absorb means to take in, in a natural or gradual way.
2. Repel means to push back or move away.
3. Porosity is a property of a material that lets it absorb water and other liquids.
4. Capillarity is the special ability of liquid to pass through narrow spaces
without the assistance of an external force like gravity (Balatbat and Delos
Reyes, 2015).
5. Absorbent materials are normally seen in objects with a lot of holes that liquid
to get inside the materials and occupy the spaces in it through capillarity.
Meanwhile, the Non-porous materials are the materials that do not allow air
or water to pass through.
6. Densityis the amount of matter present in a given volume of substance. It
is the degree of compactness of an object.
7. Buoyancy is the tendency of an object to float in liquid. It is the upthrust
or the force that pushes an object up opposing the weight of an
object immersed in water or any liquid. It isa push that alwaysgoes
straight up, against the direction of the gravity.
8. Float means to stay on the surface of the liquid such as in water.
9. Sink means to go down below or to the bottom of the surface of the
liquid (such as water).
10. The density of an object determines whether it willfloat or sink in the water.
An object will float if it is less dense than the liquid it is placed in. An object
will sink if it is denser than the liquid it is placed in.
11. Decay means to be slowly destroyed into bits in the presence of water, air
and soil