Personality

1. THE BIG 5 PERSONALITY
TRAITS
Presented By:-Group 5 Roll No:- 22-26
Anshul Patidar
Anupam Anand
Arya Verma
Aryaman Dev Kumar
Ayush Aryan Singh

2. INTRODUCTION
• The Big Five Model, also known as the
Five-Factor Model, is the most widely
accepted personality theory held by
psychologists today. The theory states
that personality can be boiled down to
five core factors, known by the acronym
CANOE or OCEAN:
• Big Five Model asserts that each
personality trait is a spectrum.
• Therefore, individuals are ranked on a
scale between the two extreme ends
of five broad dimensions:

3. OPENNESS
• Openness (also referred to as openness to experience) emphasizes
imagination and insight the most out of all five personality traits.
It to experience refers to one’s willingness to try new things as
well as engage in imaginative and intellectual activities. It
includes the ability to “think outside of the box.”

4. COMPARISON B/W HIGH AND LOW
HIGH
• Very creative
• Open to trying new things
• Focused on tackling new
challenges
• Happy to think about abstract
concepts
LOW
• Dislike change
• Doesn’t enjoy new things
• Resist new ideas
• Not very imaginative
• Dislike abstract or theoretical
concepts.

5. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
• Among each of the personality traits, conscientiousness is one
defined by high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse control,
and goal-directed behaviors. It describes a person’s ability to
regulate their impulse control in order to engage in goal-directed
behaviors. It measures elements such as control, inhibition, and
persistency of behavior.

6. COMPARISON B/W HIGH AND LOW
HIGH
• Spends time preparing
• Finishes important tasks right
away
• Pays attention to detail
• Enjoys having a set schedule.
LOW
• Dislikes structures and schedules
• Makes messes and doesn’t take
care of things
• Fails to return things or put them
back where they belong
• Procrastinates important tasks
• Fails to complete necessary or
assigned tasks.

7. EXTRAVERSION
• Extraversion (or extroversion) is a personality trait characterized
by excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high
amounts of emotional expressiveness. It reflects the tendency and
intensity to which someone seeks interaction with their
environment, particularly socially. It encompasses the comfort and
assertiveness levels of people in social situations.

8. COMPARISON B/W HIGH AND LOW
HIGH
• Enjoys being the center of
attention
• Likes to start conversations
• Enjoys meeting new people
• Has a wide social circle of friends
and acquaintances
• Finds it easy to make new friends
• Feels energized when around
other people
• Say things before thinking about
them
LOW
• Prefers solitude
• Feels exhausted when having to
socialize a lot
• Finds it difficult to start
conversations
• Dislikes making small talk
• Carefully thinks things through
before speaking
• Dislikes being the center of
attention

9. AGREEABLENESS
• This personality trait includes attributes such as trust, altruism,
kindness, affection, and other prosocial behaviors. It refers to how
people tend to treat relationships with others. Unlike extraversion
which consists of the pursuit of relationships, agreeableness
focuses on people’s orientation and interactions with others

10. COMPARISON B/W HIGH AND LOW
HIGH
• Has a great deal of interest in
other people
• Cares about others
• Feels empathy and concern for
other people
• Enjoys helping and contributing
to the happiness of other people
• Assists others who are in need of
help
LOW
• Takes little interest in others
• Doesn't care about how other
people feel
• Has little interest in other
people's problems
• Insults and belittles others
• Manipulates others to get what
they want

11. NEUROTICISM
• Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by sadness,
moodiness, and emotional instability. It describes the overall
emotional stability of an individual through how they perceive the
world. It takes into account how likely a person is to interpret
events as threatening or difficult.

12. COMPARISON B/W HIGH AND LOW
HIGH
• Anxious
• Angry hostility (irritable)
• Experiences a lot of stress
• Self-consciousness (shy)
• Vulnerability
• Experiences dramatic shifts in
mood
LOW
• Doesn't worry much
• Calm
• Emotionally stable
• Confident
• Resilient
• Rarely feels sad or depressed

13. STABILITY OF TRAITS
People’s scores of the Big Five remain relatively stable for most of
their life with some slight changes from childhood to adulthood.
They found that overall agreeableness and conscientiousness
increased with age. There was no significant trend for extraversion.
Openness to experience and neuroticism decreased slightly from
adolescence to middle adulthood.

14. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE BIG 5
Like with all theories of personality,
the Big Five is influenced by both
nature and nurture.
Twin studies have found that the
heritability (the amount of variance
that can be attributed to genes) of
the Big Five traits is 40-60%.

15. THANK YOU
Presented By:-Group 5 Roll No:- 22-26
Anshul Patidar
Anupam Anand
Arya Verma
Aryaman Dev Kumar
Ayush Aryan Singh

16. Twin Theory
• Twin theory was assessed using 123 pairs of identical twins and
127 pairs of fraternal twins.
• Broad genetic influence on the five dimensions of neuroticism,
extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness was
estimated at 41,53,61,41,44 %.
* To form identical twins, one fertilised egg splits and develops into two babies with
exactly the same genetic information. To form fraternal twins, two eggs are fertilised
by two sperm and produce two genetically unique children.

17. How do we typically measure personality?
This is achieved using a question-based model, asking respondents
to rate themselves based on their reactions to given situations,
generally on a sliding or likert scale. Then algorithms are used to turn
these subjective answers into objective personality traits.

18. What is personality theory ? Its history ?
• Personality theories is study of how an individual develops their
personality and can be utilized studying personality disorders.
• The five basic traits were identified in 1949 by D. W. Fiske (1949)
and later expanded upon by other researchers including Norman
(1967), Smith (1967), Goldberg (1981), and McCrae & Costa
(1987).
• At one point, Gordon Allport found over 4000 traits. Even when this
was reduced to 16 it was seen as too complicated. This is where
The Big Five personality traits began to grow in popularity.