1. The five-factor model has been developed by a
number of researchers. Raymond Cattell and Gordon
Allport have influenced its development. Robert
McCrae and Paul Costa consolidating and adding on
to these works developed the five-factor model in the
1990’s.
Since the late 20th Century, these factors have been
used to measure, and develop a better understanding
of, individual differences in personality.
Each of these traits falls on a continuum from low to
high.
The five factors may be easily remembered using the
acronym ‘OCEAN’.
FIVE FACTOR MODEL OF
PERSONALITY
2. Five factor model of personality
OPENNESS
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
EXTRAVENSION
AGREEABLENESS NEUROTICISM
3. OPENNESS
• Openness to Experience.
• Willingness to try new activities.
• Think unconventionally and originally
• Familiarity, predictability, and reassurance of routines.
• Associated with intelligence when measuring
personality factors.
• Person scoring low on openness to experience is
apprehensive of the unknown.
• They feel uncomfortable in unfamiliar situations and
prefer familiar environments.
4. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
• More aware of their actions and the consequences of
their behavior
• Responsible
• Keep a tidy environment and are well-organized.
• Good timekeeping.
• Exhibit more goal-oriented behaviour.
• Unconscientious people tend to engage in
more impulsive behavior. They will act on a last-minute.
5. EXTRAVENSION
• Outgoing, sociable, and talkative
• They enjoy being the center of a group and will often seek
the attention of others.
• low on extraversion are called introverts.
• This personality trait is measured on a introversion-
extraversion continuum.
• Individuals who fit in the middle of the two traits are
described as ambiverts.
6. AGREEABLENESS
• Friendly and well-liked by people
• Help others and appear pleasing to those around them
• Dislike conflicts and very often seek the role of mediators
in groups
• Low on agreeableness are not very concerned with being
liked or appearing nice to others.
• They distrust others and are more suspicious of the
actions of other people.
• They are motivated by fulfilling their own personal
needs.
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NEUROTICISM
• This personality dimension is measured on a continuum
ranging from emotional stability to emotional
instability
• Anxious, fearful, and worry a lot, Over-thinking their
problems and exaggerating their significance.
• Low on neuroticism tend to be more calm and collected
in the face of any stress
• A person’s neuroticism can have repercussions in terms
of their relationship with others.
8.
9. o The five-factor model is used in many research studies
to correlate scores on this test with the learning styles of
people.
o Openness as a trait has been found to be linked to
academic success.
o Leadership has been linked to high level of openness
and balanced levels of conscientiousness and
extraversion and low levels of neuroticism.
o High levels of conscientiousness are found to be related
to better work performance.
o In marriages where one partner scores lower than the
other on agreeableness, stability, and openness, there is
likely to be marital dissatisfaction
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Uses of the Five-Factor Model: