2. UNIT I HUMAN VALUES
Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic –
Service learning – Civic virtue – Respect for others
– Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty –
–
–
Courage – Valuing time – Cooperation
Commitment
Character –
– Empathy – Self confidence
Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga and
meditation for professional excellence and stress
management.
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4. Human Values
• Basic moral values one must possess
Key principles of human values :
-dignity of human life
-respect for others
-environment
-integrity snd service
-non-violence
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5. Human Values and subvalues
• Human values :
-Love
-Truth
-Right conduct
-Peace
-Non-violence
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6. 3
Ethics Defined
Moral codes are the rules that establish the
boundaries of generally accepted behavior.
Morality refers to social conventions about right
wrong human conduct.
and
Ethics are beliefs regarding right and wrong behavior.
Virtues are habits that incline us to do what is
acceptable. (Good Behaviors)
Vices are habits that incline us to do what is
unacceptable.
Value System is the complex scheme of moral values
7. Moral Value
• Makes a person “good”
•Reside both in acts a person does and in character
of a person
•Characteristics:
•Universal
•Self-justifying
•Obligation
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8.
The Importance of Integrity
Integrity is used to refer to people who act in
ways that are consistent
principles.
with their own code of
You often reflect on your principles when you
different
consider what you “ought” to do in
situations.
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9. Integrity
• One of the most important virtue
•Virtue – good habits
•Defines quality of a person’s character.
“ Integrity is telling myself the truth; honesty is telling
the truth to other people”
In objects, refers to intactness or purity of a thing.
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10. Various forms of Integrity
• as self-integration
• as maintenance of identity
• as standing for something
• as moral purpose
• as a virtue
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11. Ethics in the Business World
Globalization of organizations has
business world.
created a complex
Risk is
impact
the likelihood of a negative event times the
of the event.
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12. Work Ethics
• Characteristics of people at work
•Elements of work ethics:
•Interpersonal skills
•Initiative
•Being dependable
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13. Why Business Ethics are Important
Protect the organization and its employees from
action.
legal
Create an organization that
Produce good business.
Avoid unfavorable publicity.
operates consistently.
6Ga
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will of the community.
14. Code of Conduct
A guide that highlights an organization’s key ethical
issues and identifies the overarching values and
principles that are important to the
that can help in decision making.
The code of conduct helps ensure
Abide by the law.
Follow necessary regulations.
Behave in an ethical manner.
organization and
that employees:
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15. Ethical Decision Making
1. Get the facts.
2. Identify the stakeholders and their positions.
3. Consider the consequences of your decision.
4. Weigh various guidelines and principles
Utilitarian, Fairness, Common Good).
(Virtue,
5. Develop and
6. Review your
7. Evaluate the
evaluate options.
decision.
results of your decision.
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17. Ethics in Information Technology
The increased use of information technology has raised
many ethical issues for today’s IT
Licensing of IT professionals
Internet communication
Intellectual property
Employee/employer issues
professional.
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18. Work ethic is a set of values based on hard work and diligence.
It is also a belief in the moral benefit of work and its ability to enhance character.
A work ethic may include being reliable, having initiative, or pursuing new skills.
Workers exhibiting a good work ethic in theory should be selected for better
positions, more responsibility and ultimately promotion.
Workers who fail to exhibit a good work ethic may be regarded as failing to provide
fair value for the wage the employer is paying them and should not be promoted or
placed in positions of greater responsibility.
Work ethic is not just hard work but also a set of accompanying virtues, whose
crucial role in the development and sustaining of free markets
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19. ce-
ngavel
What Is Servi Learning?
Service-Learning is a teaching and learning strategy that
integrates meaningful community service with instruction
and reflection to enrich the learning experience, teach
civic responsibility, and strengthen communities.
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20. Differentiating Service-Learning from Other Forms of Education
Experiential Learning:
• The knowledge and skills acquired through life, work experience and study
which have not been formally attested through any educational or
professional certification.
Internship:
• A work-related learning experience for individuals who wish to develop hands
on work experience in a certain occupational field
Practicum:
• A college course that is designed to give students supervised practical
application of a previously studied theory
21. Civic virtue
Civic virtue is the moral underpinning of how a citizen behaves and is
involved in society. It is a standard of righteous behavior in relation to
citizens’ involvement in society.
A individual may exhibit civic virtue by voting, volunteering and
organizing other community activities.
a
Without an understanding of civic virtue, citizens are less likely to look
beyond their families, friends and economic interests.
They are less likely to help others in the community, to volunteer their
time, to give to nonprofit organizations or to participate in group activity
that benefits society.
Related ideas for civic virtue are citizenship, philanthropy, public good,
voluntarism and social capital.
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22.
Respect for others
Respect is a feeling of admiration or deference toward a person,
group, ideal, or indeed almost any entity or concept, as well as
specific actions and conduct representative of that esteem.
Whether between spouses, friends, coworkers, or business
acquaintances, if there is a history of mutual respect and sincere
gratitude, the people involved are generally happier and more
successful. We live in a world where there are many differences
between people, but with an open mind and an appreciation of
each person’s contributions to this world, we strengthen our
relationships and our community.
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23. How to Show Respect
it sounds easy, but listening–truly listening–can be one
Listen
of the hardest skills to master. If you want a person to know
you respect him or her, then tune into what that person is
saying. Look them in the eye and offer feedback when
necessary. Everyone appreciates the person who willing
listens to them and shows genuine interest in what they have
to say.
Encourage If you’ve ever had a bad day, then you know the
power a little encouragement can have. We’ve all had
moments when we need someone to tell us, “don’t worry,
things will work out.” It might not seem like much at the time,
that person w and
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but ill remember that you took the time
24.
How to Show Respect
If someone does a great job, let them know about it. In fact, let
Congratulate
everyone know about it. Openly congratulate someone for a job well done,
especially if you’re a manager. Employees will work harder and happier
knowing their manager has a mutual respect for them and is willing to express
praise and gratitude when it’s deserved.
Be Helpful If you find a friend or coworker in a jam, be willing to help them if at
possible. Not to say you should take on half their project, but offering some
advice or throwing in a bit of your time will mean a lot. If that friend or coworker
has helped you in the past, then returning the favor will be a nice way to show
both your respect and gratitude.
Say Thank You I’m sure this one seems like common sense, but many people
just forget to say thank you or at least forget how to say it with sincerity.A thank
you can be as small as two words or as much as buying someone a gift;
nevertheless, if the action is not done with 100% sincerity then it is wasted.
Simply saying
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Make sure people know you appreciate them and their actions.
25. Living Peaceful
Our principle of ‘Peaceful living’ centers on the ethical and sustainable
application of technologies which would aim
everyone without compromising the planet’s
which can help you to discover your journey
to provide basic needs for
resources. Here are the
peace.
steps
towards living in
Seek to love, not control others.
Find Your Inner Peace. ...
...
Moderate your convictions.
Be tolerant. ...
Be Peace. ...
Reflection of thought. ...
...
Seek forgiveness, not revenge.
Live in joy.
...
Be the change you wish to see in the World.
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26. Caring
Being caring allows you to have empathy for others and to live a life
based on affection, love, and compassion for the people around you.
Being caring means providing a listening
needs help, and helping your community
you want to know how to be more caring
ear, noticing when someone
without asking for a reward. If
today, see Steps to get started.
Be polite: You don't have to be overly formal to be polite. You
have to be considerate of other people and make them feel
comfortable in your presence.
Be affectionate: Actions really can speak louder than words
sometimes. Though telling a person you care can make a big
difference, sometimes giving that person a hug or putting your
around him or her can have that extra impact.
just
arm
LisD
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ant
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l:
When someone is talking to you, make eye contact,
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put away your phone or other distractions, and don't interrupt the
27. Caring Steps to get started
Be more generous: Being generous, whether it's with your time or your
money, can go a long way in being a more caring person.
Treat others like you want to be treated: If you want to be more caring,
then you have to be kind and thoughtful toward others, and think of how you
would feel if you were in their shoes.
Be considerate of others: Being considerate is another major aspect of
being caring. If you want to be considerate, then you have to respect the
people around you, and to avoid making a nuisance of yourself.
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28. Sharing
Sharing is the joint use of a resource or space. In its narrow sense, it
refers to joint or alternating use of inherently
common pasture or a shared residence. It is
dividing and distributing.
Apart from obvious instances, which we can
finite goods, such as a
also the process of
observe in human
activity, we can also find many examples of this happening in nature.
When an organism takes in nutrition or oxygen for instance, its
internal organs are designed to divide and distribute the energy
taken in, to supply parts of its body that need it. Flowers divide and
distribute their seeds.
In a broader sense, it can
goods that can be treated
also include free granting of use rights to
as non rival goods, such as information
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29. Honesty
Honesty refers to a facet of moral character and connotes
positive and virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness,
straightforwardness, including straightforwardness of conduct,
along with the absence of lying, cheating, theft, etc.
Furthermore, honesty means being trustworthy, loyal, fair, and
sincere.
Honesty is valued in many ethnic and religious cultures .
"Honesty is the best policy" is a proverb of Benjamin Franklin;
"Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom" proverb of
Thomas Jefferson.
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30. Courage
Courage (also called bravery, bravado or valour) is the
choice and willingness to confront agony, pain, danger,
uncertainty or intimidation. Physical courage is courage
in the face of physical pain, hardship, death or threat
death, while moral courage is the ability to act rightly
the face of popular opposition, shame, scandal,
discouragement, or personal loss.
of
in
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31. ho
Valuing Time
A first step in good time management is to understand the value of your
time.
If you are employed by someone else, you need to understand how much
your employer is paying for your time, and how much profit he or she
expects to make from you.
If you are working for yourself, you s uld have an idea of how much
income you want to bring in after tax. By working these figures back to an
hourly rate, this gives you an idea of the value of your time.
By knowing the value of your time, you should be able to tell what tasks are
worthwhile to perform, and which tasks give a poor return. This helps you
cut away the low value jobs, or argue for help with them.
L
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32. f other species
Cooperation
Cooperation is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for
common or mutual benefit, as opposed to working in competition for selfish
benefit.
Many animal and plant species cooperate both with other members of their own
species and with members o
Commitment
Commitment is willingness to give your time and energy to something that
you believe in, or a promise or firm decision to do something.
Commitment means acceptance of the responsibilities and duties and
cooperation means help and assistance. By developing team commitment and
cooperation in a work team you are assisting the team to meet its goals and
objectives. Work teams that are committed and cooperative are more likely to
achieve the goals the business has set.
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33. Empathy is the ability to mutually experience
thoughts, emotions, and direct experience of
The ability to understand another person’s
the
others.
circumstances, point of view, thoughts, and
empathy.
feelings is
When experiencing empathy, you are able to
understand someone else’s internal experiences.
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34. Self Confidence
• Self-confidence relates to self assuredness in one's personal
judgment, ability, power, etc., sometimes manifested excessively.
Being confident in yourself is infectious if you present yourself well,
others will want to follow in your foot steps towards success.
• Promise yourself, no matter how difficult the problem life throws at
you, that you will try as hard as you can to help yourself. You
acknowledge that sometimes your efforts to help yourself may not
result in success, as often being properly rewarded is not in your
control.
35. 27
Character
Character traits are all the aspects of a person's behavior and attitudes that
make up that person's personality. Everyone has character traits, both good
and bad.
Some character traits have to do with your underlying values or beliefs. Some
examples of these types of character traits include: Religious, Honest, Loyal,
Devoted, Loving, Kind, Sincere, Devoted, Ambitious, Satisfied, Happy, Faithful,
Patient, Determined, Persistent, Adventurous, Homebody, Considerate,
Cooperative, Cheerful, Optimistic, Pessimistic, Funny.
Some character traits can be bad, and you may not want these traits
associated with you. Some examples of these types of character traits
include: Dishonest, Disloyal, Unkind, Mean, Rude, Disrespectful, Impatient,
Greedy, Angry, Pessimistic, Repugnant, Cruel, Unmerciful, Wicked, Obnoxious,
Malicious, Grumpy, Quarrelsome, Caustic, Selfish, Unforgiving
36. Character
A leader or person who likes to be in charge may have the following
character traits: Domineering, Boorish, Persuasive, Ambitious, Bossy,
Disparaging, Picky, Sly, Cold-hearted,
Conceited
Rude, Self-centered,
Some character traits can be consciously developed, learned or
acquired. For example, character
choose to learn or adopt include:
Some character traits for children
Silly, Affectionate, Funny, Rough,
traits that you may consciously
Educated or Informed
include: Playful, Zany, Active, Wild,
Talkative, Rowdy, Smart, Fidgety,
Shy, Lively, Submissive, Stubborn
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37. Spirituality
Spirituality is the concept of an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality, an
inner path enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being; or the
"deepest values and meanings by which people live. Spiritual practices,
including meditation, prayer and contemplation, are intended to develop an
individual's inner life.
Spiritual experiences can include being connected to a larger reality, yielding
a more comprehensive self; joining with other individuals or the human
community; with nature or the cosmos; or with the divine realm.
Spirituality is often experienced as a source of inspiration or orientation in
life. It can encompass belief in immaterial realities or experiences of the
immanent or transcendent nature of the world.
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38. Introduction to Yoga and meditation for professional
excellence and stress management
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39. YOGA
Yoga is an ancient discipline designed to bring balance and
health to the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual
dimensions of the individual, when adopted as a way of life,
improves physical, mental, intellectual, and spiritual health.
Yoga offers an effective method of managing and reducing
stress, anxiety, and depression, and numerous studies
yoga
demonstrate the efficacy of yoga on mood-related disorders.
Yoga is often depicted metaphorically as a tree and comprises
eight aspects, or limbs: yama (universal ethics), niyama
(individual ethics), asana (physical postures), pranayama (breath
control), pratyahara (control of the senses), dharana
(concentration), dyana (meditation), and samadhi (bliss).
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40. 33
Tree of Yoga
When one thinks about Yoga today, the
first thing that comes to mind is the
physical practice of postures, or Asana.
As described in Patañjali’s Yoga Sutras,
Asana is only 1 of the 8 limbs of Yoga.
Applying the other 7 will not only
deepen our physical and spiritual
practice but also help take our yoga off
the mat and into our daily lives.
T
o help better understand how the 8-
step path comes all together,
BKS Iyengar’s representation of the
Tree of Yoga:
41. 1.Roots: Foundation for living honorably and clearly
Yama – a list of outward observances representing principles of ethical behavior
Ahimsa – non harming, compassion for self and others
Satya – truthfulness, being honest with ourselves and others
Asteya – non-stealing, freeing oneself from the desire to have something that
not earned or paid for
Brahmacharya – wise and balanced use of energy
Aparigraha – non-attachment, living with generosity of spirit and action
2.Trunk: Establishing a base of purity in one’s body and mind
Niyama – Inward personal observances that improve the self and surrounding
relations
has
Sauca – cleanliness in
temple
one’s body, mind, and surroundings, treating our body as a
Tapas – heat, energy of self-tranformation to promote a healthy mind, soul and body
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Santosha – practice of contentment, seeing the good in things, counting one’s blessings
42. 3.Trunk: Establishing a base of purity in one’s body and mind
Niyama – Inward personal observances that improve the self
and surrounding relations
Sauca – cleanliness
treating our body as
Santosha – practice
in one’s body, mind, and surroundings,
a temple
of contentment, seeing the good in things,
counting one’s blessings
T
apas – heat, energy of self-transformation to promote
healthy mind, soul and body
Svadhyaya – study of texts and self study
Isvarapranidhana – letting go of ego, a feeling of being
expression of the whole universe
a
an
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43. s:
:
36
4.Branche Strong and flexible to move with the wind of life
Asana – physical practice of yogic postures
s Drawing in life force through the exchange of
breath
Pranayama – mastering the science of breath, breath control
6.Bark: Protecting the tree from outer elements and preventing
essence from flowing outward
Pratyahara – turning awareness inward, sense withdrawal
5.Leave
its
7.Sap: Juice which carries the energy on this inward
the whole tree as one
Dharana – focused state of concentration, bringing
single point of focus
8.Fruit: The essence of the tree
Samadhi – bliss, to feel unity, peace, freedom
journey, links
the mind to a
44. The role of yoga in stress management
Hans Selye first introduced the term stress into life science. The term
stress is derived from the Latin word Stringere, which means “to be
drawn tight.”
Stress is a complex, dynamic process of interaction between a person
and his or her life. Stress can affect one’s health, work performance,
social life, and the relationship with family members.
Eminent behavioral scientist Stephen Robbins defines stress as that
which arises from an opportunity, demand, constraint, threat, or
challenge, when the outcomes of the event are important and
uncertain.
Stress can also be defined as the harmful physical and emotional
responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match
the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker.
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45. The role of yoga in stress management ….
Job stress can lead to poor health and even injury. Hence we can say that
stress is a silent killer, and prolonged exposure to stress may exert harmful
effects on physical, psychological, and behavioral well-being of an
individual.
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 80%
of workers experience job stress.
Kulkarni, in an article “Burnout” published in Indian Journal of Occupational
and Environmental Medicine, has said that the rapid change of the modern
working life is associated with increasing demands of learning new skills,
the need to adapt to new types of work, pressure of higher productivity and
quality of work, time pressure, and hectic jobs. These factors are increasing
stress among the workforce.
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46. IMPACT OF STRESS
One of the studies quoted that stress-related disorders evolve
gradually through four recognizable stages.
1.In the first, psychological changes such as anxiety, irritability,
and insomnia arise, due to over-stimulation of the sympathetic
nervous system.
2.In the second stage symptoms such as high blood pressure,
elevated heart rate, and increased intestinal motility surface.
3.In the third stage, a more profound physical or biochemical
imbalance sets in,
4.In the final fourth stage, irreversible symptoms that often
require surgical or long-term management appear.
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47. IMPACT OF STRESS
Increased sympathetic activation and
hormones, including adrenaline, lead
rate, blood pressure, breathing, body
tension.
the release of stress
to increases in heart
temperature, and muscle
In contrast, the relaxation response has been proposed as an
antidote to stress; relaxation decreases heart rate, breathing,
body temperature, and muscle tension. Similar to stress in the
workplace, college students are also often impacted by stress.
Academic stress can result from many different imperative
stressors, such as final grades, term papers, examinations, and
excessive homework. Stress has exhibited a negative correlation
with cognitive performance.
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48. EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS …..
A growing body of research evidence supports the belief that certain techniques may
improve physical and mental health through down- regulation of the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
The HPA axis and SNS are triggered as a response to a physical or
yoga
psychological demand (stressor), leading to a cascade of physiologic,
behavioral, and psychological effects, primarily as a result of the release
cortisol and catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine).
This response leads to the mobilization of energy needed to combat the stressor
through the classic fight-or-flight response. Over time, the constant state of hyper
vigilance resulting from repeated
Over time, the constant state of hyper vigilance resulting from repeated firing of
the HPA axis and SNS can lead to deregulation of the system, and ultimately
diseases such as obesity, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, depression,
substance abuse, and cardiovascular disease. Studies also show that yoga
decreases levels of salivary cortisol, blood glucose, as well as plasma renin
levels, and 24-hour urine norepinephrine and epinephrine
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49. EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS
Yoga significantly decreases heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood
pressure.
Studies suggest that yoga reverses the negative impact of stress on the immune
system by increasing levels of immunoglobulin A as well as natural killer cells.
Yoga has been found to decrease markers of inflammation such as high
sensitivity C-reactive protein as well as inflammatory cytokines such as
interleukin-6 and lymphocyte-1B. These studies suggest that yoga has an
immediate quieting effect on the SNS-HPA axis response to stress. While the
precise mechanism of action has not been determined, it has been hypothesized
that some yoga exercises cause a shift toward parasympathetic nervous system
dominance, possibly via direct vagal stimulation. Shapiro et al noted significant
reductions in low-frequency. heart rate variability (HRV)—a sign of
sympathetic nervous system activation—in depressed patients following
an 8-week yoga intervention
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50. EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS
Regardless of the pathophysiologic pathway, yoga has been shown to have
immediate psychological effects: decreasing anxiety and increasing
feelings of emotional, social, and spiritual well-being.
Several literature reviews have been conducted that examined the impact
of yoga on specific health conditions, including cardiovascular disease,
metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, and anxiety.
Another study has shown improvement of mental health of both the young
and seniors by reducing stress through yoga. Yoga can be wisely applied
welfare programs to improve the quality of life in all age groups. Yogic
science includes yogasanas (postures), pranayama (breathing
practices), dhyana (meditation), and relaxation techniques which benefit
human beings at every level.
in
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