Marine biology is the scientific study of ocean life. The document discusses the history and key organisms in marine ecosystems, including plankton, coral reefs, and jellyfish. Coral reefs are the largest structures created by natural activity - they provide coastal protection, habitats, and nutrients, but are threatened by acidification, pollution, and bleaching due to rising ocean temperatures.

1. APPLICATION & ADVERSE EFFECT OF
MARINE BIOLOGY
KAMALESH GUPTA B

2. MARINE BIOLOGY
• The scientific study of the organisms of the sea
• Life on earth probably originated in the sea
• Marine life helps determine the very nature of our
planet

3. WHAT IS
MARINE ECOSYSTEM?
• 71 % of the Earth’s surface is covered by Ocean the
home to marine life
• Marine ecosystem usually located in costal region and
in the open ocean

4. HISTORY OF
MARINE BIOLOGY
ARISTOTLE
•First Marine Biologist
•Father of natural history
•He identified a variety of Marine species such as
crustaceans echinoderms. Mollusks fish and mammals.

5. ORGANISMS
OF MARINE ECOLOGY
• Plankton
• Phytoplankton
• Zooplankton
• Diatoms
• Coral reef
• Pelagic
• Jelly fish
• Cynobacteria

6. CORAL REEF
• A coral reef is a reef consisting of coral consolidated into
limestone
• Coral reefs are the largest structures that have been created by
natural activity, as well as the oldest ecosystems.
• Corals are small animals (polyps) that have tiny tentacles for
the purpose of feeding from microscopic plankton

7. CONDITION OF
CORAL REEF
• Water up to 100 m deep
• Clear seas, to allow light penetration
• Water temperatures: 23-29ºc
• Strong wave activity

8. TYPES OF
CORAL REEF
• Fringing Reefs
• Barrier Reefs
• Atolls

9. APPLICATION OF
CORAL REEF
• Protect coastlines from the damaging effects of wave action and tropical
storms
• Provide habitats and shelter for many marine organisms
• They are the source of nitrogen and other essential nutrients for marine
food chains
• Assist in carbon and nitrogen fixing
• Help with nutrient recycling.

10. ADVERSE EFFECT ON
CORAL REEF
• Acidification
• Eutrophication
• Plastic debris
• Toxins
• Bleaching
• Transplantation