Membrane Structure  spatial structures made out of tensioned membranes.  Membranes are also used as non-structural cladding  Membrane can support both tension and compression and thus withstand bending moment.         ANTICLASTIC AND SYNCLASTIC FOR MOMENT STRESS:  ANTICLASTIC – A FORM IN WHICH TWO DOMINANT AXES CURVE IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION  SYNCLASTIC – TWO DOMINANT CURVES BOTH MOVE IN THE SAME DIRECTION 1. Pneumatic Structure  An air-supported (or air-inflated) structure is any building that derives its structural integrity from the use of internal pressurized air.  In practice, any inflated surface involves a double curvature.  Therefore, the most common shapes for air-supported structures are hemispheres, ovals, and half cylinders  Membrane can support both tension and compression and thus withstand bending moment. 1. Pneumatic Structure  An air-supported (or air-inflated) structure is any building that derives its structural integrity from the use of internal pressurized air.  In practice, any inflated surface involves a double curvature.  Therefore, the most common shapes for air-supported structures are hemispheres, ovals, and half cylinders  Membrane can support both tension and compression and thus withstand bending moment. System Components Envelope • They can be made up of different materials. • Cannot be used as one continuous material. • Material are seamed together by sealing, heatbonding or mechanical jointing. System Components Cable System • They act as the supporting system. • They experience tension force due to the upwardforce of the air. • Can be placed in one or two directions to create anetwork and for better stability. • They do not fail since they are pulled tightenough to absorb the external loads. System Components Pumping Equipment • It is used to supply and maintain internal pressure inside the structure. • Fans, blowers or compressors are used for constant supply of air. • The amount of air required depends on the weight of the material and the wind pressure. System Components Entrance Doors • Doors can be ordinary doors or airlocks. •Airlock minimize the chances of having an unevenly pressurized environment. System Components Foundations •Pneumatic structures are secured to ground using heavy weights, ground anchors or attached to a foundation. •Weight of the material and the wind loads are used to determine the most appropriate anchoring system. 1. Pneumatic Structure 2 Types of Structures Air Supported Structures -They have air higher than the atmospheric pressure supporting the envelope. -Air locks or revolving doors help to maintain the internal pressure. -These systems are provided with low pressure air; hence have to be provided with continuous supply of air. -They are either anchored to the ground or to a wall so that leakage is prevented. -They have relative low cost and they can be installed easily.         1. Pneumatic Structure Air Infalted Structures -Supporting frames consis

1. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

2.  spatial structures made out of tensioned membranes.
 Membranes are also used as non-structural cladding
 Membrane can support both tension and compression
and thus withstand bending moment.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
Membrane Structure

3. Membrane Structure
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

4. Membrane Structure
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

5. Membrane Structure
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

6. Membrane Structure
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

7. ANTICLASTIC AND SYNCLASTIC
FOR MOMENT STRESS:
 ANTICLASTIC – A FORM IN WHICH
TWO DOMINANT AXES CURVE IN
OPPOSITE DIRECTION
 SYNCLASTIC – TWO DOMINANT
CURVES BOTH MOVE IN THE SAME
DIRECTION
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

8.  An air-supported (or air-inflated) structure is any
building that derives its structural integrity from the use
of internal pressurized air.
 In practice, any inflated surface involves a double
curvature.
 Therefore, the most common shapes for air-supported
structures are hemispheres, ovals, and half cylinders
 Membrane can support both tension and compression
and thus withstand bending moment.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

9.  An air-supported (or air-inflated) structure is any
building that derives its structural integrity from the use
of internal pressurized air.
 In practice, any inflated surface involves a double
curvature.
 Therefore, the most common shapes for air-supported
structures are hemispheres, ovals, and half cylinders
 Membrane can support both tension and compression
and thus withstand bending moment.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

10. Envelope
• They can be made up of different materials.
• Cannot be used as one continuous material.
• Material are seamed together by sealing, heat
bonding or mechanical jointing.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
System Components

11. Cable System
• They act as the supporting system.
• They experience tension force due to the upward
force of the air.
• Can be placed in one or two directions to create a
network and for better stability.
• They do not fail since they are pulled tight
enough to absorb the external loads.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
System Components

12. Pumping Equipment
• It is used to supply and maintain internal pressure inside
the structure.
• Fans, blowers or compressors are used for constant
supply of air.
• The amount of air required depends on the weight of the
material and the wind pressure.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
System Components

13. Entrance Doors
• Doors can be ordinary doors or airlocks.
•Airlock minimize the chances of having an unevenly
pressurized environment.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
System Components

14. Foundations
•Pneumatic structures are secured to ground using heavy
weights, ground anchors or attached to a foundation.
•Weight of the material and the wind loads are used to
determine the most appropriate anchoring system.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
System Components

15. 2 Types of Structures
 Air Supported Structures
-They have air higher than the atmospheric pressure
supporting the envelope.
-Air locks or revolving doors help to maintain the internal
pressure.
-These systems are provided with low pressure air;
hence have to be provided with continuous supply of air.
-They are either anchored to the ground or to a wall
so that leakage is prevented.
-They have relative low cost and they can be
installed easily.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

16.  Air Infalted Structures
-Supporting frames consist of air under high
pressure.
-Internal pressure of building remains at
atmospheric pressure.
-There is no restrictions in no. and size of
openings.
-They have potential to support an attached
structure.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

17.  Air Infalted Structures
-Supporting frames consist of air under high
pressure.
-Internal pressure of building remains at
atmospheric pressure.
-There is no restrictions in no. and size of
openings.
-They have potential to support an attached
structure.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

18.  Air Infalted Structures
-Supporting frames consist of air under high
pressure.
-Internal pressure of building remains at
atmospheric pressure.
-There is no restrictions in no. and size of
openings.
-They have potential to support an attached
structure.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

19.  Air Infalted Structures
-Supporting frames consist of air under high
pressure.
-Internal pressure of building remains at
atmospheric pressure.
-There is no restrictions in no. and size of
openings.
-They have potential to support an attached
structure.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

20.  Air Infalted Structures
-Supporting frames consist of air under high
pressure.
-Internal pressure of building remains at
atmospheric pressure.
-There is no restrictions in no. and size of
openings.
-They have potential to support an attached
structure.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

21.  Air Infalted Structures
-Supporting frames consist of air under high
pressure.
-Internal pressure of building remains at
atmospheric pressure.
-There is no restrictions in no. and size of
openings.
-They have potential to support an attached
structure.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

22.  Air Infalted Structures
-Supporting frames consist of air under high
pressure.
-Internal pressure of building remains at
atmospheric pressure.
-There is no restrictions in no. and size of
openings.
-They have potential to support an attached
structure.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

23.  Air Infalted Structures
-Supporting frames consist of air under high
pressure.
-Internal pressure of building remains at
atmospheric pressure.
-There is no restrictions in no. and size of
openings.
-They have potential to support an attached
structure.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. Pneumatic Structure

24. •Wind and Snow loads are the primary loads that are
acting on pneumatic structures.
• As pneumatic structures are tensile, the envelope has the
ability to gain stiffness in order to withstand the loads acting
on them.
•Wind loads produce a lateral force on the structures
and snow load causes downward forces on
envelope.
• Pneumatic structures are designed to withstand
wind load of 120 mph and a snow load of 40
pounds/yard.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
Loadings

25. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
Loadings

26.  A structure where the
exterior shell is a
fabric material spread
over a framework.
 The fabric is
maintained in tension
in all directions to
provide stability.
2. Cable & Tensile Structure
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
 Discussed by the previous group (Tensile)

27.  Also known as the “ Tension Domes”
 A tension dome is a structural system that uses the
tensile strength of materials rather than the compression
qualities of usual domes.
 was first proposed by David Geiger and first employed in
the roofs for the Olympic Gymnastics Hall and the
Fencing Hall in Seoul.
 A typical cable dome consists of ridge cables, diagonal
cables, hoop cables, vertical struts, an inner tension ring
and an outer compression ring.
3. Cable Domes
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

28.  Also known as the “ Tension Domes”
 A tension dome is a structural system that uses the
tensile strength of materials rather than the compression
qualities of usual domes.
 was first proposed by Geiger and first employed in the
roofs for the Olympic Gymnastics Hall and the Fencing
Hall in Seoul.
 A typical cable dome consists of ridge cables, diagonal
cables, hoop cables, vertical struts, an inner tension ring
and an outer compression ring.
3. Cable Domes
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

29.  Also known as the “ Tension Domes”
 A tension dome is a structural system that uses the
tensile strength of materials rather than the compression
qualities of usual domes.
 was first proposed by Geiger and first employed in the
roofs for the Olympic Gymnastics Hall and the Fencing
Hall in Seoul.
 A typical cable dome consists of ridge cables, diagonal
cables, hoop cables, vertical struts, an inner tension ring
and an outer compression ring.
3. Cable Domes
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

30.  Also known as the “ Tension Domes”
 A tension dome is a structural system that uses the
tensile strength of materials rather than the compression
qualities of usual domes.
 was first proposed by Geiger and first employed in the
roofs for the Olympic Gymnastics Hall and the Fencing
Hall in Seoul.
 A typical cable dome consists of ridge cables, diagonal
cables, hoop cables, vertical struts, an inner tension ring
and an outer compression ring.
3. Cable Domes
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

31.  Also known as the “ Tension Domes”
 A tension dome is a structural system that uses the
tensile strength of materials rather than the compression
qualities of usual domes.
 was first proposed by Geiger and first employed in the
roofs for the Olympic Gymnastics Hall and the Fencing
Hall in Seoul.
 A typical cable dome consists of ridge cables, diagonal
cables, hoop cables, vertical struts, an inner tension ring
and an outer compression ring.
3. Cable Domes
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

32.  Also known as the “ Tension Domes”
 A tension dome is a structural system that uses the
tensile strength of materials rather than the compression
qualities of usual domes.
 was first proposed by Geiger and first employed in the
roofs for the Olympic Gymnastics Hall and the Fencing
Hall in Seoul.
 A typical cable dome consists of ridge cables, diagonal
cables, hoop cables, vertical struts, an inner tension ring
and an outer compression ring.
3. Cable Domes
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

33. WHAT IS THE WORLD’S FIRST PERMANENT
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE?
 SPORTS PAVILION
AT LA VERNE
COLLEGE,
CALIFORNIA
 FROM 1973 TO
PRESENT
 1993 – TEST
RESULT:
 MINIMAL
DETERIORATION
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

34. WHAT IS THE WORLD’S LARGEST MEMBRANE
STRUCTURE?
 MILLENIUM DOME
IN GREENWICH, UK
 COMPLETED IN
1999
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

35.  To be discuss by the next group (Geodesic)
2. Cable Domes
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE