Indian independence short descriptions.

3. Road towards Independence
• Ending almost 200 years of Imperial rule over
India.
• Division of India.
• Indian movements and Leaders.

4. Arrival of Europeans
• Vasco da Gama- Portugese- Calicut 1498.
• English and Dutch in 1613.
• Battle of Plassey 1757. Siraj ud Daulah,the
Navab of Bengal was defeated by Robert Clive.

5. • After Tippu, south became under their power.
• The Maratas, and then Punjab after the first
and second Anglo-Sikh wars 1845-49.
• English was made medium of instruction
in1835.

6. Early Rebellion
• Puli Thevar- Late1750s- Thirunelveli- HQ.
• Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja- the prince regent
of Kottiyur, Kannur, 1774-1805.

7. • Veera Rani Velu Nachiyar- Queen of
Sivagangai, 1760-1790, Udaiyaal-Alliance.
• Veerapandya Kattabomman-refused to accept
the sovernity of East India Company- hanged
in 1799.

8. The Revolt of 1857
• Overseas-Conversion-Status of Sepoys
• 1853 Enfield rifle
• Final Spark- Mangal Pandey, first week of May.

9. • On 10th May, battalion of sepoys turned
against superiors in Meerut.
• Red Fort- Bahadur Shah II – Shehenshah-e-
hindustan.
• Bristish caught offguard-recovered
• Last Significant war- Rani of Jhansi Laxmi Bai.

10. Effects
• End of EIC rule.
• Equal oppurtunity in public rights.
• Respect to native princes.

11. Rise of Nationalism (1885-1905)
• Period of growth of political awareness and
emergence of indian leadership.
• Dadabhai Naoroji-East India Assn. 1867
• Surndranath Banerjee- Indian National Assn.
1876.
• By suggestion of A O Hume, Indian National
Congress was formed in 1885.
• it functioned more as a debating society that met
annually to express its loyalty to the British Raj.

13. • Congress were loyalists but wanted an active
role in governing.
• Dadabhai Naoroji elected to the house of
Commons of UK.
• Bal Gangadar Tilak ignored British System.
“Swaraj is my birth right
and I shall have it”

14. • 1905 Partition Of Bengal- Lord Curzon
• 1907 INC divided into moderates and radicals
• World War I

15. Gandhi’s Arrival
• Leader of the Indian nationalist movement in
South Africa.
• 9 Jan 1915
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale, became Gandhi's
mentor.

16. Amritsar Massacre
• Jalianwalla Bagh 13th April 1919.
• Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer
• Open fired on peaceful protest consisting
women and children. 379 dead, 1000s injured.

17. Gandhian Movements
• Non co-operation Movement 1920-22
• Purna Swaraj 1929.
• Dandi March 1930.

18. • 1937 Congress came to power in 7/11
provinces.
• Effect of Subash Chandra Bose 1938-39.
• Quit India Movement 1942.”Do or Die”

19. • Christmas Island and Royal Indian Navy mutiny
1942 & 1946
• Everything led to the dawn of a new age for
India.
• On June 3rd 1947 Lord Mountbatten
announced partition of India.

20. India into Freedom
• August 15 1947, 12:02 a.m. India gained its
freedom
• Pakistan on August 14, 11:57 p.m.
• Violent clashes followed
• Sardar Vallabai Patel, the iron man took
responsibility of bringing 565 princely states
under one India.

22. • The constituent assembly completed the work
of drafting the constitution in 26th November
1949.
• On 26th of January, India was proclaimed a
republic and the assembly elected Dr Rajendra
Prasad as the President taking over from the
governor general Rajagopal Achari