This document provides definitions and explanations of key literary terms related to fiction, poetry, and their structures. It defines fiction as imaginary stories not based on real people or events. It also discusses important fiction elements like characters, plot, setting, theme, point of view, conflict, and tone. For poetry, it defines poetic terms like structure, tone, diction, imagery, figures of speech, symbolism, allegory, syntax, rhyme, rhythm, and forms like sonnets, free verse, and haiku. The document aims to teach readers about various elements and concepts in fiction and poetry.

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FICTION
The type of book or story that
is written about imaginary
characters and events and not
based on real people and facts
(Cambridge dictionary, 2023)

4. CHARACTER
• They can be human beings,
animals, aliens, or even sentient
objects. Protagonists the main
character of the story and
Antagonists a character who fights
againts the protagonists.
PLOT
• Plot refers to the events that
happen within the story. It includes
every major turning point that the
characters experience.
Broad term for the world the story takes place in. It
includes time as well as place.
• Macro level- setting might include the country
the characters live in and the climate of that
country.
• Micro level- setting can include the room the
characters are standing in, the time of day a
scene takes place, or even the day-to-day
weather.
SETTING THEME
• Can also be revealed through the
core conflict between the
protagonist and the antagonist.

5. POINT OF VIEW
• POV is closely intertwined with
form and structure.
CONFLICT
• is what prevents the protagonist
from achieving their goals.
• There are seven types of conflict:
character vs character, character
vs self, character vs society,
character vs fate, character vs
nature, and character vs
technology.
TONE
• helps the author evoke emotion.

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7. is a type of literature that aims to
evoke an emotional response in
the reader through language
chosen and arranged for its
meaning, sound, and rhythm.
POETRY

9. STRUCTURE
refers to how a poem is organized.
TONE
• tone refers to the poet's "implied
attitude toward its subject
• Sonnet- Old form of poetry originated in 13th
century in italy. where it was perfected by
the poet Petrarch. traditionally, sonnets are
made up of 14 lines and usually deal with
love.
• Free verse- a popular style of modern
poetry, and as its name suggests there is a
fair amount of freedom when it comes to
writing a poem like this.
• Haiku- The haiku (or hokku) is an ancient form
of Japanese poetry that has become very
popular all over the world. Renowned for its
small size, haikus consist of just three lines
(tercet); the first and third lines have five
syllables, whereas the second has seven.

10. DICTION
• Diction refers to word choice and
is intimately related to imagery
and figures of speech because a
poet chooses a word to achieve a
certain sensory, emotional, or
intellectual effect.
IMAGERY
• Imagery refers to a pattern of
related details. When images form
patterns of related details that
convey an idea or feeling beyond
what the images literally describe,
we call them metaphorical or
symbolic
• Figures of speech refer to special kinds of language use.
We already mentioned metaphor and simile, but there is
also personification (giving inanimate objects or abstract
concepts human qualities), synecdoche (using a part of
something to convey the whole), metonymy
("substituting an attribute of a thing for the thing itself"),
or litotes (understatement).
FIGURES OF SPEECH

11. SYMBOLISM
• Symbolism also refers to any use of an
object, person, or place that represents
something beyond itself. The
"symbolic" significance always depends
on interpretation and therefore must be
read in context.
• Allegory is merely the widespread or
extended use of metaphor. In other words,
if we use a single metaphor to structure an
entire poem or story, we are in the realm
of allegory
ALLEGORY
SYNTAX
• Syntax refers to word order, but word
order creates certain sounds, images,
and attitudes.
RHYM
E
• Rhyme refers to the repetition of
sounds in a poem

12. RYTHM
• Rhythm in poetry involves sound patterning. A
lot of classical poetry conforms to a
systematic regularity of rhythm, referred to as
the poem’s meter. This involves combining
stressed and unstressed syllables to create a
constant beat pattern that runs throughout
the poem.