Mountaineering: A Guide to Climbing Mountains

Origin of Mountaineering
01
A Bit of Philippine
Climbing History
02
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Hiking
03 Rock Climbing
04
Types of Rock
05 Trekking
06

Types of Trekking
07 Mountaineering
08
TABLE OF CONTENTS
How to do
Mountaineering
09
What to do Bring for Mountain
Climbing
10
Top Tips for Successful
Mountaineering
11
Health Benefits of
Mountaineering
12

TABLE OF CONTENTS
5 Greatest Mountain
Climbers of the World
13 Mountains in the Philippines
14

INTRODUCTION
Mountaineering also referred to as
“mountain climbing” is the sport of climbing a
mountain. Mountaineering differs from other
outdoor sports in that nature alone provides the
field of action—and just about all of the
challenges—for the participant. It is a group
activity, with each member both supporting and
supported by the group’s achievement at every
stage.

INTRODUCTION
There are thousands of
mountains in the world, all with
their own unique terrain, their
own challenges and
excitements. Someone who
does mountain climbing is
called a mountain climber or
mountaineer.

Mountaineering has been a common
practice if not exactly a hobby for as long as
time. People have been scaling mountains for
as a hobby since as early as 1336. Sir Alfred
Wills’ ascent of the Swiss Wetterhorn in 1865 is
considered to be the birth of mountaineering as
a sport.
Mountaineering is a lifelong philosophy
rather than a mere hobby.
Origins of Mountaineering

Unlike most other extreme sports, mountaineering is
uniquely suited to be a lifelong hobby rather than a
one-time experience; base jumping and cliff diving
may be fun the first few times, but it’s the same activity
every time. In contrast, with mountaineering every
mountain is a new experience, not to mention the
feeling of achievement from conquering each new
mountain.

It is necessary for the complete mountaineer to be
competent in all three phases of the sport—hiking,
rock climbing, and snow and ice technique—each
is quite different. There are wide variations within
those categories, and even the most accomplished
mountaineers will have varying degrees of
competence in each.

A BIT OF PHILIPPINE
CLIMBING HISTORY
02

A Bit of Philippine Climbing History
Rocky Beginnings
Earliest records of rock climbing in the
Philippines can be traced to the 1980’s.
Following its international roots, it began as a
component of mountaineering, an incidental
activity as mountaineers attempted more
challenging climbs and terrains.

Rocky Beginnings
The University of the Philippines
Mountaineers (UPM) is known as the
pioneer of rock climbing in the country. The
group developed a UPM Basic
Mountaineering Course (BMC) based on
Alan Blackshaw’s 1966 handbook, which
eventually became their manual for
ascending the Matutunggil rock at Anilao,
Batangas.

Rocky Beginnings
As described in the UPM history, the group’s first rock
climbing team used car engine parts and
polyeurethane ropes as their makeshift gear. And along
with other members of the Mountaineering Association of
the Philippines (MAP, now defunct), they started
establishing rock climbing routes at the municipality of
Rodriguez, Rizal (formerly known as Montalban).

Rocky Beginnings
In the province of Cebu, spelunkers and
mountaineers were also exploring the caves and cliffs of
Barangay Cantabaco, Toledo City. Following the natural
progression towards advanced forms of mountaineering,
Cebu’s first generation of rock climbers were born, and
established the first routes (all traditional style climbs) in
Cantabaco. It was the early 90’s.

From Mountains to Wall
It was in 1993 when artificial climbing facilities were first setup in the
Philippines.
In Metro Manila, members of UPM bolted hand-made foot holds and
hand holds onto the surface of the 70-foot high university library. At
around the same time, a group of mountaineers from the Habagat
Outdoor Shop in Cebu City built a wall out of plywood sheets
attached to the shop’s factory.

Being setup outdoors, however, made
the use of both facilities dependent on good
weather. And for the UP Main Library wall, no
time was wasted by the university administration in
closing the facility due to security and safety issues.

Not letting the momentum
subside, the country’s first
commercial wall climbing facility
was opened one year after the UP
Wall’s closure. Power Up Center
for Climbing and Fitness was
setup in Quezon City, just a stone’s
throw away from the university.

The gym’s opening was a turning point in Philippine
sport climbing history. Being indoors and in a more
controlled environment, Power Up was able to make climbing
accessible to the general public. Curious and eager Filipinos
had a ready place to try climbing for the first time.

Climbing facilities mushroomed throughout the country
to accommodate the growing community. And with the
establishment of many gyms – in schools, malls, and
commercial establishments – there came the need for a
national group to oversee the sport’s development and keep
safety standards in check.

The Sport Climbing Association of the Philippines, Inc.
(SCAPI) was formed in September of 1998, linking climbing
communities across the Philippine islands.

Competition Climbing Kicks in
It was the natural progression of having so many climbers around.
Climbers were getting stronger and needed a venue to test their skills.
While individual gyms held competitions for their members,
SCAPI organized national-scale events that let climbers from different
regions meet and compete. The Philippine National Sport Climbing
Circuit was then launched, and has since staged competitions in over ten
provinces across the country.

The “Nationals” became an anticipated annual event. Climbers
were exposed to more fellow climbers, spurring friendly competition.
Concepts of seasonal work-outs and climbing-specific training techniques
were researched and introduced.
With the growing popularity of extreme sports internationally (the
first X Games in the United States was held 1996), media also easily
caught on the climbing craze. This paved the way for sponsors to clamor
for climbing events.

At the height of the National competition scene, there
was an estimated three hundred active climbers. They joined
regional legs and fun competitions, and vied for a place in the
National Team.
Those who became part of the National Team went on
to join international competitions such as the Singapore Rock
On, UIAA-IFC World Cups, and the Asian X Games.

Return to the Great Outdoors
The hype of climbing could only last for so long. New sports
and fitness regimens emerged, and climbers felt the weakening
support from sponsors and media. There was less funding for
climbing events, dampening the spirit of competitors.
But as the competition scene slowed down, Pinoys found a
way to satisfy their climbing hunger.

2003 marked the birth of rock trips in the Philippines.
Adapted from the Petzl concept of bringing together the
world’s best climbers in a competition on natural rock, the local
version gathered climbers from all over the country for a 3-5
day rock climbing marathon.

Climbfest 2003 was held at Dingle, Iloilo attended by 15-20
climbers from Manila and provinces of Bacolod, Cebu and of course,
Iloilo. The pioneering event saw the establishment the country’s hardest
lines (at that time) and an introduction of the sport to the locals.
Through the course of 3 days, climbers were also seen slacklining, doing
yoga poses by candlelight, jamming, and not to be missed, feasting on
shellfish and ice cold beer—a luxury that only Dingle offers, and is famous
for.

The climbfest proved to be a success. Not only in the obvious
pushing of grades in a non-competitive setting, but also in building
climbers’ camaraderie and strengthening ties with the local
community.
Climbers found a new reason to gather at least once a year, one
that did not depend on large financial support from corporate sponsors
or the government. All that one had to do was to go out there and climb.

From the success of Climbfest 2003, more rock trips
were organized year-after-year in different outdoor spots
around the country, each for the simple goal of bonding
climbers across the islands as they try new lines, push each
other on project routes, and party at night. And to raise some
funds for bolting projects of course. Development of new areas
continue to this day

Hiking is the essential element
of all climbing, for in the end mountains
are climbed by placing one foot in front
of another over and over again. The
most-arduous hours in mountaineering
are those spent hiking or climbing
slowly, steadily, hour after hour, on the
trails of a mountain’s approach or lower
slopes.
Hiking

Many people use the
words “hiking” and “mountaineering”
as if they were synonyms. However,
and even if they both refer to outdoor
activities in the mountains, there are
some important differences that you
should be aware of.
Hiking

Hiking is basically walking in nature on any path or
on a specific trail. Hiking only requires the person to walk
at a normal to a brisk pace in order to reduce weight as
well as get the fresh air from nature. While, mountain
climbing is a sport or hobby in which a person hikes or
climbs a mountain. It generally involves a greater
technical difficulty and requires specialized equipment.
Mountaineering Vs Hiking

In addition, hiking varies into different levels of
difficulty and duration. A hiking trip can take
anywhere from a few hours to several days and, as
a rule, no technical knowledge is necessary. Some
basic navigation techniques and a good fitness level
will be more than enough to take you from start to
finish.
Hiking

 Appropriate footwear
 Map and compass
 Extra water and a way to purify it
 Extra food
 Rain gear and extra clothing
 Safety items: light and a whistle
 First Aid kit
 Knife or multi-purpose tool
 Sun screen and sunglasses
 Daypack’ backpack
Ten Things Needed Every Hiking

Rock climbing, like
hiking, is a widely practiced
sport in its own right. The
essentials of rock climbing are
often learned on local cliffs,
where the teamwork of
mountaineering, the use of
the rope, and the coordinated
prerequisites of control and
rhythm are mastered.
Rock Climbing

It is a physically demanding
sport that combines fitness and agility
with the mental fortitude required to
conquer an ascension or traverse.
It can be perilous, but that is often
considered a positive aspect of the
adventure.
There are many types of rock
found all over the world, from igneous
(granite) to sedimentary (limestone and
sandstone) to metamorphic (gneiss).
Some courses and routes are built on
artificial walls, as well.
Rock Climbing

It is a physically demanding sport that combines
fitness and agility with the mental fortitude required to
conquer an ascension or traverse. It can be perilous, but
that is often considered a positive aspect of the adventure.
There are many types of rock found all over the
world, from igneous (granite) to sedimentary (limestone
and sandstone) to metamorphic (gneiss). Some courses
and routes are built on artificial walls, as well.
Rock Climbing

Types of Rock Climbing
Bouldering
Bouldering is a basic form of
climbing that can be done indoors and
outdoors. Using short movements
without harnesses or ropes, the climber
moves over small rocks or boulders. It
normally features routes with a shorter
height, but still has many complex and
challenging routes.

Sport Climbing
Sport climbing, while possible
to do indoors, is mostly enjoyed
outside. With the assistance of a
partner (or belayer) holding a rope,
the climber ascends a bolted and
established rock face using a
harness, ropes, and a belay system.

Sport Climbing
The routes in this type of climb are
higher, and therefore require
more safety equipment. Along
with the belay, rope, and harness,
the equipment also includes a
helmet, chalk, climbing shoes,
slings, and quick draws.

Trad Climbing
Trad climbing is similar to sport
climbing, but the bolts have not been
secured in the climbing route. This
requires placing bolts along the rock wall,
and as the climb is finished, all of the
equipment must be removed from the
wall. Nuts and camming devices must be
carried along with the climber.
This is a more difficult style of
climbing, as climbers must find the route
and secure the equipment on their own.

Dry Tooling
Dry tooling involves placing ice axes
into the wall as you ascend the
rock, with the assistance of
crampons in place of climbing shoes. It
includes ropes, harnesses, and the
equipment used for sport climbing. The
damage that this type of climbing can
do to the rock has made it a more
controversial style

Big Wall Climbing
Big wall climbing utilizes long multi-
pitch routes along vertical rock, which often
necessitates more than one day. The thrill of
sleeping on the side of a rock wall makes
this an attractive type of rock climbing.
Aid climbing is the technique of
placing removable equipment along the
rock, and then attaching a webbing ladder to
it to climb. This is repeated along the route,
and is associated with big wall climbing.

Alpine Climbing
Alpine climbing involves ascending
to a summit or peak. Similar to
mountaineering, it includes climbing
over rock, ice, and snow, and
perhaps traversing glaciers with a
higher technical level.

• Harness
• Rope(s)
• Belay System
• Helmet
• Chalk
• Climbing Shoes
• Slings
• Quick Draws
• Nuts and Camming Devices
• Ice Axes
• Crampons
What Equipments Do You Need?

Trekking is combination of hiking and walking activity
in which people take multi-days trips in rural and various
under developed areas. Trekking is making a journey on foot,
especially to hike through mountainous areas often for
multiple day and along lovely mountain villages and enjoying
nature and/or close contact with people in remote mountain
villages where lifestyle sometimes is unchanged since many
generations
Trekking

Trekking
It is also done in risky
mountain areas so it will help to gain
more adventurous build up capacity
to the trekkers’. Trekkers will get
knowledge that is more adventurous
with the real life scenario in mountain
areas or in remote areas.
While we are at it, let’s also
examine the differences between
“hiking” and “trekking”.

Hiking: “the activity of going for long
walks, especially across country”
.
Trekking: “to go on a long arduous
journey, typically on foot”.
Hiking Vs Trekking
Here’s how the dictionary looks at the different meanings
between hiking and trekking:

There is little difference when it comes to hiking vs
trekking. Trekking is emphasized as slightly more
demanding than hiking, though. Whereas the definition of
hiking includes the word “walk”, something typically seen
as jovial, easy and pleasant, trekking is defined as a
“journey”, which is typically something that is more
challenging, requires more effort and that tends to take
more than one day.
Hiking Vs Trekking

Types of Trekking
Camping Trek
Camping trek is dully supported
by team members with supplies of all
necessary logistics. The complete
equipment’s- tents, sleeping mats,
dining tent, kitchen equipment food etc.
are provided by the company. In group
along the camping trek will be involved
of guide, cook, camping staffs, kitchen
team, and porters.

• Map
• Compass
• Sunglasses and sunscreen
• Extra clothing
• Headlamp/Flashlight
• First-aid supplies
• Firestarter
• Matches
• Knife
• Food
Ten Essential Things Needed for Trek

Types of Trekking
Tea House Trek
A tea house trek are local lodge
where you get to eat and sleep during your
trek. Teahouses are along the route and
already setup by the villager for providing
the service to the clients. This is the most
popular way to trek. All prices include a well-
trained guide and porter for carrying your
personal belongings. Camping equipment
is not needed. Tea houses provide the
essentials for you.

Going back to mountaineering, although
mountaineering trips also range from a few hours
to several days, this activity is in general more
physically and technically demanding than hiking
or trekking. On the way to the summit,
mountaineers will have to deal with rock, ice or
mixed terrain.
Mountaineering

Winter mountaineering is a more
difficult, riskier and much more rewarding
activity. Most people choose to climb in the
summer, so the routes are much less crowded
in the winter. This can be especially desirable
in the more popular summits. The added
difficulty also works to exponentially increase
the satisfaction and sense of achievement
gained from a triumphant climb. Another
advantage is that you can choose to climb a
mountain on which you can have a ski
vacation for a complete winter holiday.
Winter Mountaineering

HOW TO DO
MOUNTAINEERING?
09
There are two main styles of mountaineering:
Alpine and Expedition.

Alpine mountaineering is
practiced in medium sized
mountains, as opposed to the
expedition style’s larger
mountains.
Alpine mountaineers pack
light and move quick and they
make a swift push to the peak.
This is possible as medium sized
mountains, like the Alps or the
Rocky Mountains, can be scaled
relatively more quickly.
How to do Mountaineering
Alpine Mountaineers

Expedition mountaineers, on the
other hand, move slow and carry
much heavier loads. This is
necessitated as these larger
mountains, like the Himalayas
and the Alaska Range, take
weeks or months to climb and as
the journey between base camps
is much longer. Expeditioners can
even travel with pack animals.
How to do Mountaineering
Expedition Mountaineers

WHAT TO BRING FOR
MOUNTAIN CLIMBING
10

Even though weight is always a consideration, mountaineering is
not an ultralight activity. You’ll need to have more than the basics to survive
unexpected mountain weather (which you should always plan for).
Every climber must complete all the necessary preparations,
including the purchase of essential Mountaineering equipment and gears in
advance. The right gear will play a critical role in taking you to the summit
and bringing you back safely. Faulty and insufficient gears and
mountaineering equipment could lead to unfortunate accidents.
Occasionally, this could also mean the difference between life and death in
some cases.
What to Bring for Mountain Climbing

Essentials
 Map
 Compass
 GPS
 Permits
 Writing Materials
 Emergency and Medical
 Information
 First Aid kit
 Valuables and Electronics Items
 Water bottle or Hydration
 Bladder
 Water Treatment System
 Backpack
 Shelter (tent)
 Sleeping Bag
 Sleeping Pad
 Reflective Blanket
 Sunscreen
 Lip Balm and Moisturizer
 Hygiene Products
 Eye wear
 Flashlight
 Headlamp
 Matches o Lighter
 Fire starter
 Pocket knife
or multi-tool
 Duct tape or
other repair
items
 Emergency
signaling
items
 Near
deterrence
items

Clothing
 Cap or hat
 Beanie
 Headband
 Helmet
 Bandana
 Scarf
 Face mask
 Headlamps
 Sunglasses
 Base layer
 Middle layer
 Softshell
 Outer layer
 Undergarments
 Socks
 Gaitors
 Trainers
 Boots

Food
 Cereals and Grains
 Pancakes
 Bread
 Noodles
 Rice
 Sandwiches
 Potatoes
 Ready to eat meals
 Salad
 Fruits

Cookware and Kitchen Supplies
Types of cooking supplies:
 Portable stove
 Fuel
 Pots or pans (with lids)
 Aluminum foil
 Sponge
 Biodegradable soap
 Collapsible water container (large
containers that you can collect water
for cooking washing. They can be
collapsed and kept when not in use)
 Types of tableware:
 Spoons, forks, sporks, knifes
 Plates or bowls
 Mugs or cups

Equipment

TOP TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL
MOUNTAINEERING
11

TOP TIPS FOR SUCCESFUL MOUNTAINEERING
Training for Mountaineering
Mountaineering is a pursuit
that should never be undertaken
without a good understanding of the
many different aspects involved,
ranging from map reading and
navigation skills to rope work and
understanding mountain weather.

Preparation and Planning
Take time to plan and prepare for your
ascent. This will be time well spent and
the chances of your having a successful
and enjoyable ascent will be far higher if
you have prepared well. Take time to
plan your route and prepare your kit
regardless of whether you’re going for a
short climb or a two month expedition,
some careful planning can make all the
difference.

Footwear for Mountaineering
Make sure you invest in a good pair
of rugged mountaineering boots.
For summer mountaineering you
can get away with a stiff pair of
walking boots, but for winter
mountaineering a crampon rated
boot will be needed.

Weather Watching
Before embarking on any
mountaineering trip make sure you get
a local weather forecast. You can
always postpone a summit attempt for
another day, with more favorable
weather conditions. However, once you
are on a mountaineering route you will
often be committed with little options for
retreat so checking the weather in
advance is a must.

Emergency Shelter
Too many completely avoidable accidents
and injuries occur in mountaineering
because people simply underestimate the
awesome forces of mountain weather.
Always carry an emergency shelter, they
are small and lightweight but can be life
savers, protecting you from the elements
should the weather suddenly turn. There are
many shelters available from two-person to
large group shelters.

Action for Emergency
Nobody wants to think that an accident
will ever happen to them but it would be
foolhardy to think that this will always be
the case. Take some time to prepare for,
and practice actions on different types of
emergencies. High levels of training
mean you will react without having to
think, which is beneficial since decision-
making abilities are severely impaired in
stressful conditions.

HEALTH BENEFITS OF
MOUNTAINEERING
12

Health Benefits of Mountaineering
There are numerous benefits to mountaineering. The
most obvious benefits are improving both your physical
fitness and cardiovascular fitness levels as well as reducing
body fat through aerobic exercise. Some other less obvious
or ‘less tangible’ benefits include greatly improving your own
personal confidence and team working skills, which you will
use in your work and personal life without even realizing it.
Moreover, it has both the advantage and
disadvantage.

Advantages
 Burn calories
 Heart Health
 Personal Growth
 Brain Fitness
 Body Fitness

Disadvantages
 Weather is primary
danger
 Bad effect on the
natural beauty
 Risk of life
 Altitude problem

5 GREATEST MOUNTAIN
CLIMBERS OF THE WORLD
13

5 Greatest Mountain Climbers of the World
1. Sir Edmund Hillary
 Born in 1919
 Conquered 11 peaks before
deciding to climb Mount Everest.
 Joined the Everest reconnaissance
expeditions on 1951 and 1952
 First ascent the Mount Everest
together with Tenzing Norgay
(1953)

2. Tenzing Norgay
 Born in 1914
 Nepali Indian Sherpa mountaineer
who reached the Everest summit just
behind Sir Edmund Hillary
 Became the director of field training for
the Himalayan Mountaineering
Institute in Darjeeling
 Founded Tenzing Norgay Adventures
to encourage like-minded people.

3. Achille Compagnoni
And Lino Lacedelli
 After Everest, the second
highest peak to be conquered
was the K2 by Achille
Compagnoni and Lino
Lacedelli on July 31, 1954.

Achille Compagnoni
 Born in 1914
 The first to reach the K2
summit, followed by Lacedelli,
Compagnoni was honoured
with the Knight Grand Cross
title.

Lino Ladecelli
 Born in1925
 Began his career as a young
teenager and came under the
tutelage of Luigi ‘Bibi’ Ghendina,
the popular Dolomite rock
climber.
 Awarded Italy’s highest honor of
Knight of the Grand Cross.

4. Junko Tabei
 Born in 1939
 One of the most revered and respected
mountaineers in the world from Japan.
 The first woman to reach the Mount
Everest on May 16, 1975
 Took 12 days later reached the summit
of the Everest to make history.
 Formed the Ladies Climbing Club, Japan
in 1969 to encourage women
mountaineers.

5. Reinhold Messner
 Born in 1944
 A renowned mountaineer in Europe.
 Make the first solo attempt successfully in reaching
the Everest summit without any supplemental
oxygen. Because, he believed that any external aid
was a disrespect to the mountains and hence,
made the climb with no supplementary oxygen.
 Featured by Werner Herzog in the film The Dark
Glow of the Mountains.
 A political official and founder of the Mountain
Wilderness, an NGO dedicated to protecting
mountains.
 Dedicated himself to the Messner Mountain
Museum.

MOUNTAINS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
14
Due to its geography, the Philippines is interspersed with
rolling mountain ranges, stunning viewpoints, and
beautiful natural landscapes.

DIFFICULT MOUNTAINS TO
CLIMB IN THE PHILIPPINES

 Location: Near Davao City and
Davao del Sur
 Height: 2,954 meters
 Highest peak in the Philippines
 Appropriately named
“grandfather” by the Bagobo
tribes of Mindanao.
 A dormant volcano that has
three major summits and a
crater which is home to the
crystal clear Lake Venado.
Difficult Mountains to Climb in the Philippines
Mount Apo

 Location:
Bulacan, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva
Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal
 Height: 1, 915 meters
 Also known as the “backbone of Luzon,”
 Longest mountain range in the
Philippines.
 Serve as natural shield against typhoons
coming from the Pacific Ocean.
 It supports major infrastructure, including
irrigation dams, water utility and power
plants, that are serving urban
settlements, including Metro Manila.
Difficult Mountains to Climb in the Philippines
Sierra Madre

TOP MOUNTAINS TO CLIMB
IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Location: Borders between
Benguet and Ifugao
• Height: 2,930 meters
• Third highest of the Philippine
mountains, and the highest peak
in Luzon.
• Famed for being the “Playground
of the Gods”
• Mount Pulag is the only mountain
in the Philippines where you
literally walk through this sea of
clouds.
Top Mountains to Climb in the Philippines
Mount Pulag

 Location: Negros
 Highest and most active
volcano in Visayas.
 This may have something to
do with the hot springs,
natural gardens and mini
forests
Mount Kanlaon

 Location: Near Zambales, Tarlac,
Pampanga
 Famously known for being the second
largest volcanic eruption of the 20th
century
 The original mountain stood at 1,745
meters before its summit was destroyed.
 Although a terrible disaster, the resulting
fertility of land has created a landscape
which is simply breathtaking.
 Today, the now peaceful Mount Pinatubo
is surrounded by valleys of ash and an
incredible crater lake full of white sand
and turquoise waters.
Mount Pinatubo

 Location: Bagac, Bataan
 A historical location where the
battlefield of American and
Filipino services fought the
Japanese invaders.
 With scenic sights of the
beaches of Bataan, the South
China Sea, the Corregidor
Islands and Mount Pico de Loro.
Mount Mariveles

 Location: Batangas
 Height: 672 meters
 The hike to the summit is quite
gentle with plenty of rest stops
and cold refreshments along
the way.
 With beach at its foot and
many streams and waterfalls
on the hike up
 Can do both mountaineering
and swimming
Mount Daguldul

 Location: Cavite
 Named by Spanish colonizers as the
“Parrot’s Beak” in the 1500s, this particular
mountain has some really interesting natural
rock formations.
 It is ideal for beginners because the trail isn’t
as challenging as other Philippine mountains
as the terrain isn’t as steep.
 Monolith, a tall protruding rock which you
can climb using ropes for assistance can be
seen in the summit.
 The monolith gives you a bird’s eye view of
forests, volcanoes, and beaches in the area,
showing off a view that is incredibly diverse.
Mount Pico de Loro

 Location: Tagaytay / Batangas
 A day trip to Taal Volcano is frequented
by travelers looking to get out of the city.
 Smallest active volcano in the world and
is notoriously known as an island within a
lake.
 The Taal Lake is a freshwater lake and
inside the volcano, you can find a
saltwater crater lake.
 The hike itself is fairly easy and is known
for being dusty and hot.
Taal Volcano

Resources:
 https://www.flypgs.com/en/extreme-
sports/mountaineering#:~:text=There%20are%20two%20main%20styles,swift%20push%20t
o%20the%20peak.
 https://climbtallpeaks.com/introduction-to-mountaineering-tools-and-equipment/
 https://climbtallpeaks.com/what-to-bring-for-mountain-climbing/
 https://www.thrillophilia.com/blog/5-greatest-mountain-climbers-in-the-world/
 http://www.climbphilippines.com/history.html
 https://www.adventureinyou.com/philippines/top-philippine-mountains/
 https://www.explore-share.com/blog/what-is-rock-climbing/

Mountaineering: A Guide to Climbing Mountains

Mountaineering: A Guide to Climbing Mountains

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Mountaineering: A Guide to Climbing Mountains