gel electrophoresis is a separation technique that separate the biomolecules under the influence of an electric field. there are three main types of gel electrophoresis are 1-starch GE 2-PAGE 3-agarose GE

1. TYPES OF GEL
ELECTROPHORESIS
Presented by:
Name: Junaid Ahmad
Roll no. 0843-MSc-18
Presented to:
Dr. Shaista Ali Govt. College University, Lahore

2. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS:
Principle:
Gel electrophoresis is a separation technique that separate the molecules on
the basis of their size under the influence of electric field.
Matrix:
Polymer is used as medium known as gel.
Separation:
Biomolecules like DNA, RNA, proteins, and polypeptide.
Factors:
• Applied voltage
• Buffer solution
• Pore size
• Temperature
• Charge to size ratio

3. TYPES OF GEL ELECTROPHORESIS:
On the basis of choice of gel there are three main types of gel electrophoresis
are given below:
1. Agarose gel electrophoresis
2. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
3. Starch gel electrophoresis

4. AGAROSE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS:
Agarsoe is a polymer of agar which is extracted from the see weed. Agarose is chemically basic
disaccharide repeating units of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose.
Concentration:
0.15% to 5.0% of agarose
Separation:
Separation of DNA and large proteins (>10nm)
Buffer solution:
TAE buffer with 8.3 pH
Limitation:
• Low resolving power than PAGE.
• Large pore size.
• Limited to separation of large molecules.
• Double stranded DNA only separated.

5. PAGE:
The polyacrylamide is prepared from the acrylamide by the polymerization process with the help of
N’N-methylene bis-acrylamide. The polymerization of these polymers is not started until we add a
catalyst known as TEMED.
Concentration:
5% to 25%.
Separation:
DNA, RNA, Polypeptides, and proteins.
Buffer:
6.6 to 8.8 pH
Types:
• SDS-PAGE (degradation technique)
• NATIVE-PAGE (non-degradation technique)

6. PAGE:
Gel types:
• Stacking gel
• Resolving gel
Applications:
• Proteins purification
• Genetic disorder identification
• DNA finger printing.
• Molecular weight of proteins
Limitation:
• Neurotoxin
• Limited to nucleic acids and Proteins

7. STARCH GEL ELECTROPHORESIS:
Prepared by heating the potato starch in buffer.
Concentration:
Mostly 10%
Separation:
Proteins like hemoglobin, fibrinogen.
Buffer:
buffers of citrate system of 6.1 to 8.1 pH
Limitation:
• Only specific proteins can be separated.
• Hard to adjust pore size
• High electro osmotic effect
• Oldest method with poor resolving power.

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