Hand etching uses acid to cut designs into metals like steel and copper. Linocut is a printmaking technique that carves designs into linoleum. Screen printing uses a mesh to transfer ink onto a substrate in certain permeable areas. Lithography prints an image onto a stone or metal plate using the repellence of oil and water. Letterpress uses a metal template and printing press to imprint ink onto paper. Rotogravure is similar to offset printing and uses an engraved rotating cylinder to print images onto paper with a doctor blade regulating the ink. Screen-process also uses a mesh but transfers ink through impermeable areas using a blade or stencil.

1. Task 2 – Traditional
Techniques

2. Hand
Etching - This is a traditional method of using acid to cut into an unprotected metal
surface such as steel and copper zinc. These were common metals for the use of
creative design in the metal. The artist scratches the ground to create a wax base to
view what they have created.
Linocut – This is a print making technique which includes a variant of woodcut which is
wrapped in some linoleum which is used for relief on the surface. They then use a
sharp knife to carve their design into the linoleum.
Screen Printing – This technique involves mesh material which is used to transfer ink
onto a substrate however certain areas become impermeable to the ink by a blocking
stencil.
Lithography – a method of print involving a stone or a metal plate which is used to
print an image into a smooth surface of oil and water.

3. Technology
 Letterpress – This is a printing technique using a big roll of paper and printing
press. An example of this is using a metal template made of what needs to be
printed and that is covered in ink and pressed onto the paper.
 Rotogravure – This method is similar to offset printing and flexography as it uses a
rotary method. This method is still relevant today for magazines, postcards etc. It
uses a large engraved cylinder which rotates and is covered in ink and as it rotates
is prints the engraved images/words onto the paper. There is a doctors blade
which scrapes the cylinder before making contact with the paper to avoid it using
excessive amount of ink.
 Screen-Process – this technique involves a mesh which transfers the ink to a
substrate however only in certain areas as they are made impermeable. Then a
blade is moved across the screen to fill the open mesh apertures with the ink
causing it get soaked in the ink. There is another method to screen process which
is the stencil method. This method includes using polyester or other fine mesh and
covering the screen with it. Then by forcing the ink into it by wetting the
material, it forces the ink to fall through the substrate onto the paper.