The document discusses how digital technologies and IT systems are becoming increasingly complex over time due to growing interdependencies and new capabilities. This rising complexity can slow innovation and productivity gains. The document uses examples from Sweden where large bank IT projects were abandoned due to failures costing billions, and a hospital with over 100 different IT systems. The complexity has reached a "peak" for some organizations and industries, limiting new value from more IT. Simpler, modular approaches may be needed going forward.