2. Gerund is usually defined as a word
ending in –ing that is formed from a
verb and that function as a noun.
3. Toform gerunds, use the base form + ing
(don’t forget th rules for spelling of ing form of verbs)
Verb + -ing = noun
work + -ing = working
pay + -ing = paying
improve + -ing = improving
4. Specifically it is use as
Subject
Object of Preposition
Direct Object
Subject Complement
or Predicate Noun
5. A gerund can be the subject of a sentence. It is
always singular.
Subject is something that is being discussed.
How to find the subject?
by asking, “What word is the sentence
telling something about?”
6. Choosing a candidate takes time.
subject
verb
verb
subject
Windsurfing is very exciting.
subject verb
Travelling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
8. Object of a Preposition
After three hours, Steve was tired of studying.
He’s excited about playing tennis.
by + gerund
ex. You get good grades by studying hard.
go + gerund
ex. I will go fishing with you tomorrow
9. Common preposition combinations
followed by gerunds
• Be excited about, complain about, talk about,
think about, worry about
• Apologize for, blame for, famous for
• Believe in, interested in, succeed in
• Take care of, instead of, be accused of
• Insist on, count on, concentrate on
• Keep from, prevent from, profit from
• In addition to, look forward to, be used to
10. Direct Object
Is a noun that receives the action of
a transitive action verb.
Generally found after action verbs.
You can determine if a word is a
direct object by asking Whom? Or
What?
11. • Sophia likes jumping on the trampoline.
• On their vacation, the Rezendes discovered snorkeling.
verb DO
• In the summer, Kara prefers swimming.
DO
DO
verb
verb
12. Subject Complement or Predicate
Noun
is a noun that appears with a linking verb
and tells something about the subject of
the sentence.
Note: a subject complement will almost always
be found after linking verb.
13. Linking verbs
am am being
are are being is
is being
can be
could be
may be
was was being might be
were were being must be
shall be
should be
will be
would be
have been
has been
had been
could have been
may have been
might have been
must have been
shall have been
should have been
will have been
would have been
14. • What I really like is travelling to other
countries.
• Seeing is believing.
• One of Leonor’s hobbies is sewing.
15. 1. Dancing helps a person lose weight.
2. On summer nights, the family enjoys
picnicking.
3. She expanded her vocabulary by reading.
4. Weeding has improved the appearance of
the yard.
5. At the age of five, Winston began acting.
