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1. Bellying Up the Bar
PSY 321
America Gonzalez
Annalace Hillinger
Sarah Mohtadi
Eliana Ruelas
Amreet Thiara
Anita Zakarian

2. Introduction
Background:
Annually in the United States*:
•221,000 women use illicit drugs during
pregnancy
•757,000 women drink alcohol while pregnant
•820,000 women smoke cigarettes while pregnant
This causes:
•Premature babies
•FAS
•Brain damage
•Cognitive damage when older
*American Pregnancy Association- November, 2012

3. Introduction
What Does This Mean?
Educators and Doctors are against it
Socially unacceptable
Form of abuse towards the baby
U.S. public health officials and the American Academy
of Pediatrics strongly discourage women from consuming
alcohol while pregnant because of its potential to harm the
baby’s physical, emotional and cognitive development
(Conley, 2012)

4. Breaking the Norm
The Plan
IV 2: Drinking
Alcoholic Beverage
IV 2: Drinking Hot
Tea
IV 1: Pregnant Drinking Alcohol
while pregnant at
Bar
Drinking Hot Tea
while pregnant at
Bar
IV 1: Not Pregnant Drinking Alcohol
while not pregnant
at Bar
Drinking Hot Tea
while not pregnant
at Bar

5. Breaking the Norm
Dependent Variable:
Reaction of individuals around participant
Reactions are measured by a scale:
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Independent Variable:
IV 1: Pregnant/Non-Pregnant
IV 2: Consuming Alcohol/Hot Tea
Hypotheses:
H1: There will be little/no reaction when:
Lacey drinks Hot Tea while pregnant at Bar
Lacey drinks Alcohol while not pregnant at Bar
H2: There will be mild/high reactions when:
Lacey drinks Alcohol while pregnant at Bar
Lacey drinks Hot Tea while not pregnant at Bar
Action:
Refusal
of
Service
Aggressiv
ve Verbal
Comment
Closing
Bar Tab
Early
Neutral
Verbal
Comment
t
Disapproval
Gestures
Staring
g
Point and
talk
amongst
group
Rolling of
the Eyes
Glance Avoidanc
e
Breaking It Down:

6. Methods
Participants:
•Chili’ s-Northridge:
• 4 participants
• Two gentlemen and two women
• All participants were Caucasian
• Between the ages of 25-45 years
•El Torito- Northridge
• 4 participants
• Three females and one male
• All participants were Caucasian
• Between the ages of 25-45 years

7. Methods
Participants:
•Chili’ s-Woodland Hills:
• 8 participants
• All male except for one female (Bartender)
• All participants were Caucasian
• Between the ages of 35-50 years
•El-Torito-Woodland Hills:
• 11 participants
• Seven of the eleven participants were older males
•Mix of Caucasian and Latino
• Between the ages of 35-50 years
• The remaining four participants were female between the ages of
35-40 years
•Two were Latina and the other two females were African
American

8. Methods
Confederate:
•Annalace: Pregnant/Non-Pregnant – 28 Years Old –White - Female
•Anita: Accompanied Friend – 23 Years Old –White - Female
•Eliana: Accompanied Friend – 23 Years Old –White - Female
•Amreet: Undercover Data Collector – 25 Years Old – Indian- Female
•America: Undercover Data Collector – 20 Years Old – Hispanic- Female
•Sarah: Undercover Data Collector – 23 Years Old – Middle Eastern- Female
Materials:
•Pregnancy Belt
•“Mommy To Be” Sash
•Clipboard
•Pen/Pencil
•Cell Phone App: Notepad

9. Methods
Procedures:
•Trial 1:
•Enter Bar in two groups
•Lacey is not pregnant
•Lacey’s group will order drinks/ Hot
Tea
•Second group will record reactions
•Trial 2:
•Enter Bar in two groups
•Lacey is not pregnant
•Lacey’s group will order drinks
•Second group will record reactions
•Trial 3:
•Enter Bar in two groups
•Lacey is pregnant
•Lacey’s group will order drinks
•Second group will record reactions
•Trial 4:
•Enter Bar in two groups
•Lacey is pregnant
•Lacey’s group will order
drinks/ Hot Tea
•Second group will record
reactions

10. Results
DAY 1: Not Pregnant - Drinking Hot Tea At Bar – Chili’s
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Action:
Refusal of
Service
Aggressive
Verbal
Comment
Closing Bar
Tab Early
Neutral
Verbal
Comment
Disapproval
Gestures
Staring
Point and
talk
amongst
group
Rolling
of the
Eyes
Glance Avoidance
   
DAY 1: Not Pregnant - Drinking Alcohol At Bar - El Torito
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Action:
Refusal of
Service
Aggressive
Verbal
Comment
Closing Bar
Tab Early
Neutral
Verbal
Comment
Disapproval
Gestures
Staring
Point and
talk
amongst
group
Rolling
of the
Eyes
Glance Avoidance


11. Results
DAY 2: Pregnant - Drinking Hot Tea At Bar – Chili’s
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Action:
Refusal of
Service
Aggressive
Verbal
Comment
Closing Bar
Tab Early
Neutral
Verbal
Comment
Disapproval
Gestures
Staring
Point and
talk
amongst
group
Rolling
of the
Eyes
Glance Avoidance
 


 
DAY 2: Pregnant - Drinking Alcohol At Bar - El Torito
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Action:
Refusal of
Service
Aggressive
Verbal
Comment
Closing Bar
Tab Early
Neutral
Verbal
Comment
Disapproval
Gestures
Staring
Point and
talk
amongst
group
Rolling
of the
Eyes
Glance Avoidance
  


   

Interesting
Observation
Both Bars did NOT
ask for
Identification
during these two
trials

12. Results
Analytical Statistics
•A 2 x 2 between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was
performed on the dependent variable reactions and attitudes of the
participants.
•IV 1 (pregnant vs. non-pregnant) and IV 2 (alcohol vs. hot tea) were
used as the independent variables.
•IV 1 did not significantly predict DV, F (1, 26) = .957, p = .338.
•IV 2 did not significantly predict DV, F (1, 26) = 2.965, p = .098.
•No significant interaction or main effect was further found, F (1, 26) =
1.910, p = .180.

13. Debrief
Debriefing:
Purpose: Important ethical consideration to make sure that
participants are informed about their experience in the experiment and
that they are not harmed in any way. It is also a way to check on their
well-being as an individual after the experiment has been completed.
Bartender at El-Torito seemed anxious and stressed when serving
Lacey
After debriefing Bartender, he responded:
“You know what? This isn't the first time I've seen a pregnant
lady come in. The first time, I confronted her and she said, ‘Mind
your f-ing business.’ This is why I stayed away and didn't
comment. My boss talked to me about it and we decided to respect
people for what they do to their bodies. They are adults. They
know. " and then said, " Thank you for telling me“, smiled and
gestured a “fist pump” to the group.

14. Discussion
•When looking at results through observations/reactions:
 Only our first hypothesis was supported
 When not pregnant:
 Lacey received mild gestures/ reactions when requesting Hot Tea
 Lacey received little/no reaction when requested an alcoholic
beverage
 When pregnant:
 Lacey received mild reactions when requested Hot Tea
 Lacey received highly inappropriate gestures/reactions when
drinking an alcoholic beverage
•When looking at results analytically:
 Our hypotheses were rejected
 No significance found in either condition

15. Discussion
Limitations:
 Time and Day
 Ex. Monday Night Football-All men in Bar
 Type of restaurant attended
 Number of Participants
 Type of alcoholic beverage ordered
 Location
What Do We Learn From This?
 Cautious
 Individuals are more passive-aggressive
 Not practice this social norm while pregnant
 Individuals will provide gestures/reactions when they
encounter a social violation

16. References
1. American Pregnancy Association. (2012, November 16). Statistics on Pregnancy.
Retrieved from http://www.americanpregnancy.org/main/statistics.html
2. Conley, M.C. (2012, July 20). 1 in 13 Pregnant Women Drinks Alcohol. ABC 7
News. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2012/07/20/1-in-13-
pregnant-women-drink-alcohol/

17. Special Thanks To…
Annalace “Lacey” Hillinger
America Gonzalez
Sarah Mohtadi
Eliana Ruelas
Amreet Thiara
Anita Zakarian