This presentation includes the philosophies of Plato, Protagoras and Aristotle.

1. Major Historical
Figures and
Movements in
Philosophy of
Education
• Plato
• Protagoras
• Aristotle’s Nicomachean
Ethics and Politics

2. Who’s the
philosopher?
1. Give the name of the philosopher who
said the given quote/statement.
2. Give your thoughts/ideas about the
statement.

3. Who’s the
philosopher?
ARISTOTLE

4. Who’s the
philosopher?
PLATO

5. Who’s the
philosopher?
PROTAGORAS

6. Who is Plato?
He is a Greek Philosopher,
a student of Socrates and a
teacher of Aristotle.

7. He founded the Academy, the first institution of
higher learning in the Western World.

8. The Republic
• The most famous work
of Plato.
• It is composed of
dialogues about justice.

9. Plato
•Believed that education is a
means to achieve justice, both
individual justice and social
justice.

10. According to Plato…
Individual justice can be obtained
when each individual develops his
or her ability to the fullest.

11. Furthermore...
Plato argues that
individual justice
can be achieved
when each part of
the soul fulfills its
appropriate
function.
Plato’s Tripartite Soul

12. Plato suggests that
Justice arises when
reason, guided by
wisdom and knowledge,
governs and
harmonizes the other
parts of the soul.
Plato’s Tripartite Soul

13. According to Plato…
Social justice can
be achieved when
all social classes in
a society, workers,
warriors, and rulers
are in a harmonious
relationship.

14. Plato
believes that all people can easily
exist in harmony when society
gives them equal educational
opportunities from an early age to
compete fairly with each other.

15. Plato’s System of Education to achieve the
Ideal-state
6-18 years old Elementary Education
(Physical exercise, music and religion)
18-20 years old Military Training
20 – 35 years old Higher Education
(Metaphysics and Politics)
35 – 50 years old Practical Knowledge and worldly affairs.

16. Process question
How would you relate the idea of
Plato in giving equal education
opportunities to our current educational
system?

17. PROTAGORAS

18. Protagoras
• He attributes the success of
children in acquiring virtues
to their talent, training, and
persistence in learning.

19. What are your thoughts about this?
If the father is a good politician,
will it follow that the son/daughter is
also a good politician? Why do you
think so?

20. Protagoras
• --He maintains that teaching children should start at an
early age, by the nanny, the mother, the educator or the
father. Then, children are sent to teachers to teach them
reading, writing, music, poetry, and physical education.
After graduation from school, the State takes care to
teach them the laws of the State, so that they will know
how to live accordingly.

21. Protagoras
•--Protagoras also believed that people
should teach one another about the just
things and the accepted rules, so that the
city-state can be established.

22. Aristotle
• A Greek philosopher,
a student of Plato for
20 years.

23. Aristotle
• He believed the purpose of
school was to develop and
exercise students’ potential for
reasoning, form ethical character,
and provide a skill and
knowledge base.

24. Schools were to prepare future citizens
with more functional knowledge needed to
conduct their political, social, and economic
affairs.

25. Aristotle recognized the importance of early
childhood as a formative period of human
development.
Primary (Ages 7-14) • gymnastics, writing, reading, music, and drawing
Secondary (Ages
14-21)
• literature, poetry, drama, choral music, and dancing.
• The last four years would be spent in military drills,
tactics, and strategy.
Higher Education
(Ages 21 and above)
• It was for males only as Aristotle believed women
were not capable of such complex studies.
Three Stages of Schooling

26. How would you compare the views
of Plato and Aristotle in higher
education, especially on gender?

27. Nicomachean
Ethics

28. In your own perspective…
What is an individual’s
ultimate goal in life?

29. Nicomachean Ethics
Explores the nature of
happiness, the pursuit of virtue
and the development of moral
character.

30. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Igc4CLIqrDE
Please click on the link to watch the video.

31. What is your takeaway from the video?

32. Aristotle argues
that the ultimate
goal of human
life is to attain
happiness.

33. Happiness (eudaimonia) is a virtuous activity
of the soul.
-Aristotle

34. Intellectual Virtue
• Acquired through education, study, and philosophical
contemplation.
• They involve the development of practical wisdom
(phronesis) and theoretical wisdom (sophia).
Practical wisdom is the ability to make good judgments
about moral and ethical matters.
Theoretical wisdom is concerned with understanding
the ultimate truths about the world.

35. Moral Virtues
• Moral virtues are developed through habituation and
practice.
• They involve finding a balance between extremes
known as the Golden Mean.
For example, courage is a virtue that lies between
the extremes of recklessness and cowardice.

37. We are what we repeatedly do.
- Aristotle

38. Politics and Ethics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWwXzbwThmo
Please click on the link to watch the video.

39. How would you describe the
relationship between and ethics
and politics?

40. Relate ethics and politics in the upcoming
Barangay elections.