This is my class presentation of M.A, Sem-1 on Paper no.: 104: Literature of the Victorians. In this presentation I am dealing with the Theme of Marriage in The Novel Jude The Obscure and The Marriages in Present time with illustration of T.V. serial Anupama.
A very graphic depiction of the plot and characters in Charles Dickens' novel Great Expectations; done visually to facilitate teaching the book to high school or community college students
This presentation is prepared as a part of classroom presentation based on the Character study of Sue Bridehead presented at the Department of English, MKBU.
A very graphic depiction of the plot and characters in Charles Dickens' novel Great Expectations; done visually to facilitate teaching the book to high school or community college students
This presentation is prepared as a part of classroom presentation based on the Character study of Sue Bridehead presented at the Department of English, MKBU.
This PPT is based on presentation of Semester 1 submitted to Department of English, MKBU. Paper no.104 Literature of the Victorians and topic is Marriage and Divorce in the Victorian Society.
14.3 Reading Women and the Middle AgesIntroductionThere nev.docxdrennanmicah
14.3 Reading: Women and the Middle Ages
Introduction
There never was a time when women were more frequently made the subject of verse, nor worshipped with greater devotion, then the age of chivalry. It was a time when the duty and pleasure of every gentleman was to be the slave of the same lady, and when the passion of love was studied more ardently and expressed in more delicate and sincere language than at any other time.
The introduction among the rules of chivalry of the so-called "Science of Love" brought into the customs and ideas of medieval society a new element which became almost immediately dominant, side by side with the purely warlike element and the religious element.
The new doctrine, when brought in from Provence, France and spread by means of crusaders returning from the Holy Land, found a congenial atmosphere in the North of France and among the Normans, where women already occupied a dignified and independent position.
The effects of the troubadour poetry originating from Provence, the new relation of men to women, or knights to ladies, cannot be over-estimated. Fully developed by the Provençal poets, and received by the chivalry of Southern France as a rule of life, it was accepted by the northern French and the Normans as a new gospel.
The brotherhood of the chivalry looked upon a new definition of love and found it in the poetry of troubadours the modish literature of the time. Life was glorified by the discovery that it could be built upon love and that the highest glory of a man was to own the domination of a lady. Gallantry became a rule of knightly conduct and took its place by the side of honor and religion as one of the chief motives of action, the standards to which all conduct must be referred. The rule of gallantry regulated the sentiment of soldiers separated for long periods from their wives, gave the fair to the brave, gave a new position to women, and was justified by authority.
The Roles of Women in the Middle Ages were fundamentally changed between the middle of the 11th Century and the middle of the 12th Century, when women were elevated, literally, to the condition of goddesses. In earlier times, women had reigned, been honored, but there had been no gallantry in a world where relation of the sexes had been natural and simple, the outgrowth of material and social conditions. From this period onwards, a new sentiment takes its place as a leading motive of life, connected with rank, wealth, and pride of place, and which found its natural development in a society governed by a warlike nobility, for whose convenience the trading and laboring classes existed.
Such was the force of this change in the Roles of Medieval Women, that even the three motives of chivalry changed priorities, so now honor, gallantry, and after them religion were the motivating factors of the medieval knightly life. Modern courtesy is descended from the medieval gallantry and owes to it the touch of romance which is absent from the lo.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
From Tradition to Animation: A Critical Examination of Gender in Indian Folkl...Jheel Barad
On August 4, 2023, I presented my research paper titled 'From Tradition to Animation: A Critical Examination of Gender in Indian Folklore and Disney Films' at the National Seminar 'Confluence of Tales, Myths, and Culture in Literature, organized in a blended mode by PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore. The paper delved into the deep-seated gender bias within Indian society, tracing its origins from ancient mythologies, and critically analyzing the representation of gender in Disney films. The study revealed how both contexts reinforce traditional stereotypes, contributing to the shaping of societal norms.
Gabriel Okara's Postcolonial Vision: 'You Laughed and Laughed and Laughed' a...Jheel Barad
This presentation was presented in class presentation on M.A. English in the Department of English, MKBU. It deals with a paper titled African Literature, Gabriel Okara's Postcolonial Vision: 'You Laughed and Laughed and Laughed' and 'The Piano and The Drums'. This presentation inspects the postcolonial aspects in Gabriel Okara's poem 'You Laughed and Laughed and Laughed' and 'The Piano and The Drums'.
This presentation was presented in class presentation on M.A. English in the Department of English, MKBU. It deals with a paper titled Research Methodology, Academic Integrity
in the Digital Age. This presentation talks about the problem of Academic dishonesty, plagiarism in digital age. Is technology the only culprit of Academic dishonesty? t also talks about the Plagiarism detection tools, reasons and prevention of plagiarism.
This presentation deals with some short stories which I studies in the Bachelors. It includes various short stories in brief, it deals with its plot in brief, setting, themes and tone.
Marginalized Communities in the Globalized World: The Ministry of Utmost Happ...Jheel Barad
This presentation was presented in class presentation on M.A. English in the Department of English, MKBU. It deals with a paper titled Contemporary Literature in English, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness By Arundhati Roy. It tries to bring out the situation of the marginalized in the globalizing world in relation to The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.
An Adaptation Study: Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger from Novel to ScreenJheel Barad
This presentation was presented by presenter in a National Seminar organized by Department of English, MKBU on Research Prospects in English Studies. This presentation deals with An Adaptation Study: Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger from Novel to Screen.
Cinematic Adaptation Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children Jheel Barad
Presenter have participated in the One Day E-International Conference on Langlit Teaching, Learning, and Innovation: Pedagogic issues and remedies. The conference was organized on 25 February 2023 by the Centre for Language Studies, P P Savani University, Surat. She presented on the topic of "Cinematic Adaptation: Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children" and had the honor of presenting it in the presence of Chairperson Dr. Archana Rathore and Dr. Subrata Deb.
TBLT 2.0: Integrating Technology for a Meaningful and Engaging Language Class...Jheel Barad
In this presentation, I discuss the benefits of integrating technology in language classrooms and highlight the need for a new approach to teaching - TBLT 2.0. I explore how technology can enhance language learning by creating a more engaging and meaningful experience for learners. Through real-life examples, I demonstrate how TBLT 2.0 can be used in language classrooms to foster effective communication and improve language proficiency.
This presentation deals with Amitav Ghosh's Cli-fi novel Gun Island. It was a group presentation presented in M.A. sem 4 in the Department of English, MKBU. It deals with crucial facts, about the text and author, characters, plot overview, themes, and Articles related to the novel.
COMPARATIVE LITERATURE IN INDIA: overview of its history by Subha Chakraborty...Jheel Barad
This presentation deals with an article by Subha Chakraborty Dasgupta- Comparative Literature in India: an Overview of its History. It consists key- points from the article. It was presented as a classroom group task in Department of English, MKBU.
Paul Virilio’ s 'Dromology'- The Study of Speed and The Slow MovementJheel Barad
This presentation was presented in Class presentation in Semester 3 of M.A. (English) at Department of English, M.K. Bhavnagar University. This presentation deals with the science of speed and its counter movement slow movement culture.
This presentation was presented in Class presentation in Semester 3 of M.A. (English) at Department of English, M.K. Bhavnagar University. This presentation is based on Contemporary Western Theories and Film Studies which deals on the reading of Gauri Shinde's film English Vinglish (2012). this presentation tries to read some movie stales and talks about its major theme feminism and minor look on homosexuality and nationalism.
The Subaltern Brown Women: Failure of Bollywood CinemaJheel Barad
This presentation was presented in Class presentation in Semester 3 of M.A. (English) at Department of English, M.K. Bhavnagar University. This presentation is on Postcolonial Studies which deals with Subaltern of Brown women: Failure of Bollywood in depicting them. Brown women have been subaltern of Patriarchy and Colonizers and also the film have depicted women in their traditionally as a subaltern, idea women, wife, daughter, mother, amp and courtesan.
Comparison: Nissim Ezekiel’s ‘The Patriot’ and Robert Browning’s ‘The Patriot’ Jheel Barad
This presentation was presented in Class presentation in Semester 3 of M.A. (English) at Department of English, M.K. Bhavnagar University. This presentation deals with Indian English Literature (post- Independence). It deals with Nissim Ezekiel's poem 'The Patriot' and compares it with Robert Browning's poem 'The Patriot'.
The Home and The World: A Call for a New World OrderJheel Barad
This presentation was presented in Class presentation in Semester 3 of M.A. (English) at Department of English, M.K. Bhavnagar University. This presentation deals with Indian English Literature (pre- Independence), It talks about Rabindranath Tagore novel 'The Home and The World' translation of Bengali work 'Ghare Baire'. It describes 'The home and The World as a Call for a New World Order. It also encounters the example of contemporary time.
this presentation deals with Digilocker, lunched by Government of India in 2015. An account in cloud to every Aadhaar holder to access authentic documents/certificates. This presentation introduces Digilocker app and site and teaches hoe to issue documents.
This presentation deals with the citation and tries to introduce MS word, Docs and Citation generator. it was presented in ICT workshop organized by Department of English, MKBU.
Introduction to Documentation Committee Jheel Barad
This presentation was presented in the welcome function of batch 2022-24. As per the tradition of department of English the work system of department is introduced to the newly enrolled students, this presentation introduces documentation committee.
This presentation was presented in Daily Assembly on the occasion of Guru Purnima. This is a short presentation on how this day is celebrated in various religion.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2. Hello!
I am Jheel Barad
Roll No.: 18 Enrollment no,: 4069206420210003
Sem.: 1 (M.A.)
Paper no.: 104 Paper code: 22395
Paper name: Literature of Victorians
Topic: Theme of thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure: A Marriage
Submitted to: Smt S.B. Gardi, Department of English, M.K.B.U
E-mail- jheelbarad@gmail.com
2
4. How the institution of marriage
got introduced in Society?
Most Anthropologists believe;
Cavemen used to have relation with any
women they wish.
The child born was only women’s
responsibility.
Later, realised to take responsibility of their
child and along with of lady too.
4
5. This gave birth to an institution of marriage.
In the betrothal ceremony of ancient Greece,
a father would hand over his daughter with
these words: "I pledge my daughter for the
purpose of producing legitimate offspring."
5
6. Marriages in Victorian era
6
● The Victorian society held rigid views on marriage
and the role of women in life.
● Reproduction was considered a women only
correct occupation.
● Marriage and divorce legislation regulated the
relations between men and women.
● Women were seen, As belonging to the domestic
sphere
● When a Victorian man and woman married, the
rights of the woman were legally given over to
her spouse.
7. 7
● Their mutual matrimonial consent therefore became a
contract to give herself to her husband as he desired
● The rights and privileges of Victorian women were
limited.
● Under ‘The Common-law Doctrine of Couverture’,
when a woman married she lost her independent
legal personality as a femme sole (single woman)
and became a femme couvert (covered woman).
● Divorce indifferences in men and women.Divorce was
very expensive, mostly only available to the rich.
● The ‘Matrimonial Causes Act of 1923’ equalized the
grounds for divorce by allowing woman to sue an
adulterous husband for divorce.
8. Hardy’s personal experience of
marriage
8
● In 1870, while on an architectural mission in
Cornwall, Hardy met and fell in love with Emma
Gifford whom he married in Kensington in late 1874.
● Later in 1885 they became estranged, Emma's
subsequent death in 1912 had a traumatic effect on
him
● In 1914, Hardy married his secretary Florence
Dugdale who was 39 years his junior.
● He remained preoccupied with his first wife's death
and tried to overcome his remorse by writing poetry
10. Hardy about institution of marriage
10
● He felt that the institution of marriage damaged
through ‘overregulation’, what it sought to protect.
● It was absurd to force two people to vow to love
each other forever and even if that did not happen,
the couple was socially required to stay together.
● Divorce was not only expensive, but it went
against the social mores of the Victorian years, as
can be discerned from the legislation described
above. Hardy was no so much against marriage as
he was against the idea that it was ‘an irrevocable
contract.’
11. 11
● Hardy seems to be saying that marriage cannot be solely
defined by passion and lust; it must instead be grounded in
something substantial and real.
● Passion quickly dies as seen in Bathsheba and Troy’s
relationship, but Bathsheba and Gabriel Oak will enjoy
longevity together.
● Class plays an important role in whether or not a marriage is
successful. Having a similar heritage and social standing is a
requirement.
● We may conclude that Hardy felt practicality should rule
marriage. If two people have similar interests and work well
together, they should be united by marriage in order to enjoy
the physical pleasures of a relationship in a socially
acceptable way. However, if two people should grow apart
and be utterly miserable with one another, Hardy believes
that the practical course is separation and divorce.
12. The Victorian ideal of the tirelessly patient, sacrificing wife is depicted in The
Angel in the House, a popular poem by ‘Coventry Patmore’, published in 1854:
‘Virginia Woolf’ described the Angel as:
“immensely sympathetic, immensely charming, utterly unselfish. She excelled in
the difficult arts of family life. She sacrificed herself daily ... in short, she was so
constituted that she never had a mind but preferred to sympathize always with
the minds and wishes of others. Above all ... she was pure. Her purity was
supposed to be her chief beauty.”
Virginia Woolf was unshakable. In a lecture to the Women's Service League in
1941, she said "killing the Angel in the House was part of the occupation of a
woman writer."
12
13. Contemporary era and marriages
Is marriage institution still inevitable?
Today women are strong enough and independent.
Laws have changed but sufferings of women are still
prevailing.
Women are trained for a after married life.
There are improvements in laws and ideology but not to
mark.
Various marriages are seen today but letting down of
women, not complete independence, social mores are
still stones to be broken.
13
14. The television serial Anupama starred by Rupali
Ganguly illustrates multiple type of marriages.
Leela - Hasmukh (arranged, happy marriage)
Anupama- Vanraj (arranged,unhappy marriage)
Kavya -Vanraj (love, unhappy marriage)
Kinjal- Paritosh (love, unhappy marriage)
Nandani- Samar (engaged, in- love)
Anupama- Anuj (not married)
Devika (Divorced woman)
14
Anupama- TV serial- Romesh Kalra
15. Concluding-
A high-profile couple, Jean-
Paul and Simone de
Beauvoir always expressed
opposition to marriage.
Brian Sawyer says
"Marriage, understood
existentially, proposes to
join two free selves into one
heading, thus denying the
freedom, the complete
foundation, of each self."
15
"The traditional
elements of marriage
have not completely
disappeared in
western societies,
even in the case of
employed, highly
educated and well
paid professional
women".
Sheila Jeffreys- ‘The Industial
Vagina’
Brian Sawyer -‘Bad Faith and de
Beauvoir's Gendered self
16. 16
Work cited
● Galbraith, Gretchen R. “Joan Perkin. Victorian Women. New York: New York University
Press, 1993. Pp. Vii, 264. Paper $17.95.” History of Education Quarterly 36, no. 3 (ed
1996): 337–38. https://doi.org/10.2307/369406.
● Gilbert, Sandra M., and Susan Gubar. The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women : The
Traditions in English. New York : W. W. Norton & Co., 1996.
http://archive.org/details/nortonanthologyo00sand.
● Hardy, Emma Lavinia Gifford, and Thomas Hardy. Some Recollections by Emma Hardy.
London; New York: Oxford University Press, 1961.
● Hardy, Thomas. Far from the Madding Crowd: Original. Independently Published, 2020.
● ———. “Jude the Obscure, by Thomas Hardy.” Accessed December 9, 2021.
https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/153/pg153-images.html.
● Holmes, Ann Sumner. “The Double Standard in the English Divorce Laws, 1857–1923.”
Law & Social Inquiry 20, no. 2 (ed 1995): 601–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-
17. 17
● Jeffreys, Sheila. The Industrial Vagina: The Political Economy of the Global Sex Trade. Taylor
& Francis, 2008.
● Marcus, Jane. New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf. University of Nebraska Press, 1981.
● Page, Professor Norman, ed. The Oxford Reader’s Companion to Hardy. Oxford England ;
New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
● Sawyer, Brian. “Chapter 4: Bad Faith and de Beauvoir’s Gendered Self.” Brian Sawyer (blog),
November 20, 2003. https://briansawyer.net/2003/11/20/chapter-4-bad-faith-and-de-
beauvoirs-gendered-self/.
● Stretton, Tim, and Krista J. Kesselring. Married Women and the Law: Coverture in England
and the Common Law World. 1st edition. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University
Press, 2013.
● The Week. “The Origins of Marriage.” Accessed December 9, 2021.
https://theweek.com/articles/528746/origins-marriage.
● Tomalin, Claire. “At Home with the Wizard.” The Guardian, September 29, 2006, sec. Books.
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/30/biography.thomashardy.