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UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL
ECUADOR
CARRERA DE LAS CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES EN QUÍMICA Y BIOLOGÍA
Tema: Nomenclatura de oxiácidos
Integrantes : Jefferson Niquinga –Jessica Torres
MSc. Víctor Sánchez
2021-2021
Objetivos de aprendizaje
 Reconocer la importancia de nombrar sistemáticamente, los
compuestos Químicos.
 Representar los compuestos por medio de fórmulas.
 Emplear correctamente las reglas de nomenclatura, UIQPA para leer
y escribir las formulas
● Los oxácidos se obtienen por reacción de un óxido ácido con el agua.
● Son compuestos ternarios que tienen la siguiente fórmula general: “HxNO” siendo N un no metal.
● En el caso del ácido sulfúrico se tiene: 2 (+1) +6+4(-2)=0 Es decir que el azufre actúa con el mayor
número de oxidación (6).El hidrogeno acá tiene +1 y el oxígeno -2.
Ácidos oxoácidos
- Compuestos ternarios formados por: Oxígeno, Hidrógeno + No Metal (excepto Mn, Cr)
- Fórmula: H a XbOc
Añadimos a la molécula de anhídrido correspondiente una molécula de agua.
Anhídrido hipocloroso: Cl2O + H2O = HClO
- Nomenclatura:
 Tradicional: Ácido + [no metal]
 Stock: No existe.

Sistemática: oxo [no metal] - ato (val X) de Hidrógeno
 Funcional: Ácido oxo [no metal] – ico (valencia no metal)
Hipo-
Per-
-oso
-oso
-ico
-ico
Mono-
Di-
Tri-
Tetra-
Mono-
Di-
Tri-
Tetra-
Ácidos oxoácidos
Fórmula Tradicional Stock Funcional
HClO4 Ácido perclórico Tetraoxoclorato
(VII) de hidrógeno
Ácido
tetraoxoclórico (VII)
H2SO4 Ácido sulfúrico Tetraoxosulfato (VI)
de hidrógeno
Ácido
tetraoxosulfúrico
(VI)
H2CO2 Ácido carbonoso Dioxocarbonato (II)
de hidrógeno
Ácido
dioxocarbónico (II)
Ácidos especiales (I)
Manganeso
Cromo
Fórmula Tradicional Sistemática Funcional
IV H2MnO3 Ácido Manganoso Trioxomanganato
(IV) de hidrógeno
Ácido
trioxomangánico
(IV)
VI H2MnO4 Ácido Mangánico Tetraoxomanganato
(VI) de hidrógeno
Ácido
tetraoxomangánico
(VI)
VII HMnO4 Ácido Permangánico Tetraoxomanganato
(VII) de hidrógeno
Ácido
tetraoxomangánico
(VII)
Valencia Fórmula Tradicional Sistemática Funcional
VI H2CrO4 Ácido crómico Tetraoxocromato
(VI) de hidrógeno
Ácido
tetraxocrómico
(VI)
Ácidos especiales (II)
Fósforo
P2O + 3H2O = H6P2O4 = H3PO2
P2O3 + 3H2O = H6P2O6 = H3PO3
P2O5 + 3H2O = H6P2O8 = H3PO4
Arsénico
As2O + 3H2O =H6As2O4 =
H3AsO2
As2O3 + 3H2O = H6As2O6 =
H3AsO3
As2O5 + 3H2O = H6As2O8 =
H3AsO5
Antimonio
Sb2O + 3H2O = H6Sb2O4 = H3SbO2
Sb2O3 + 3H2O = H6Sb2O6 = H3SbO3
Sb2O5 + 3H2O = H6Sb2O8 = H3SbO4
Ejemplos:
Formula N.Tradicional N.Stock N.Sistematica
𝑯 𝟐 𝑺𝑶 𝟒 Ácido sulfúrico Acido
tetraoxosulfúrico (VI)
Tetraoxosulfato (VI)
De hidrogeno
𝑯 𝟐 𝑺𝑶 𝟑 Ácido sulfuroso Acido trioxosulfúrico
(IV)
Trioxosulfato (IV) De
hidrogeno
𝑯 𝟑 𝑨𝒔𝑶 𝟒 Ácido arsénico Acido
tetraoxoarsénico (V)
Tetraoxoarseniato(V
) De hidrogeno
𝑯𝑵𝑶 𝟑
𝑯𝑵𝑶 𝟐
Ácido nítrico
Ácido nitroso
Acido trioxonítrico
(V)
Acido dioxonítrico
(III)
Trioxonitrato (v) de
hidrogeno
Dioxonitrato (III) De
hidrogeno

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Nomenclatura

  • 1. UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR CARRERA DE LAS CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES EN QUÍMICA Y BIOLOGÍA Tema: Nomenclatura de oxiácidos Integrantes : Jefferson Niquinga –Jessica Torres MSc. Víctor Sánchez 2021-2021
  • 2. Objetivos de aprendizaje  Reconocer la importancia de nombrar sistemáticamente, los compuestos Químicos.  Representar los compuestos por medio de fórmulas.  Emplear correctamente las reglas de nomenclatura, UIQPA para leer y escribir las formulas
  • 3. ● Los oxácidos se obtienen por reacción de un óxido ácido con el agua. ● Son compuestos ternarios que tienen la siguiente fórmula general: “HxNO” siendo N un no metal. ● En el caso del ácido sulfúrico se tiene: 2 (+1) +6+4(-2)=0 Es decir que el azufre actúa con el mayor número de oxidación (6).El hidrogeno acá tiene +1 y el oxígeno -2.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Ácidos oxoácidos - Compuestos ternarios formados por: Oxígeno, Hidrógeno + No Metal (excepto Mn, Cr) - Fórmula: H a XbOc Añadimos a la molécula de anhídrido correspondiente una molécula de agua. Anhídrido hipocloroso: Cl2O + H2O = HClO - Nomenclatura:  Tradicional: Ácido + [no metal]  Stock: No existe.  Sistemática: oxo [no metal] - ato (val X) de Hidrógeno  Funcional: Ácido oxo [no metal] – ico (valencia no metal) Hipo- Per- -oso -oso -ico -ico Mono- Di- Tri- Tetra- Mono- Di- Tri- Tetra-
  • 8. Ácidos oxoácidos Fórmula Tradicional Stock Funcional HClO4 Ácido perclórico Tetraoxoclorato (VII) de hidrógeno Ácido tetraoxoclórico (VII) H2SO4 Ácido sulfúrico Tetraoxosulfato (VI) de hidrógeno Ácido tetraoxosulfúrico (VI) H2CO2 Ácido carbonoso Dioxocarbonato (II) de hidrógeno Ácido dioxocarbónico (II)
  • 9. Ácidos especiales (I) Manganeso Cromo Fórmula Tradicional Sistemática Funcional IV H2MnO3 Ácido Manganoso Trioxomanganato (IV) de hidrógeno Ácido trioxomangánico (IV) VI H2MnO4 Ácido Mangánico Tetraoxomanganato (VI) de hidrógeno Ácido tetraoxomangánico (VI) VII HMnO4 Ácido Permangánico Tetraoxomanganato (VII) de hidrógeno Ácido tetraoxomangánico (VII) Valencia Fórmula Tradicional Sistemática Funcional VI H2CrO4 Ácido crómico Tetraoxocromato (VI) de hidrógeno Ácido tetraxocrómico (VI)
  • 10. Ácidos especiales (II) Fósforo P2O + 3H2O = H6P2O4 = H3PO2 P2O3 + 3H2O = H6P2O6 = H3PO3 P2O5 + 3H2O = H6P2O8 = H3PO4 Arsénico As2O + 3H2O =H6As2O4 = H3AsO2 As2O3 + 3H2O = H6As2O6 = H3AsO3 As2O5 + 3H2O = H6As2O8 = H3AsO5 Antimonio Sb2O + 3H2O = H6Sb2O4 = H3SbO2 Sb2O3 + 3H2O = H6Sb2O6 = H3SbO3 Sb2O5 + 3H2O = H6Sb2O8 = H3SbO4
  • 11. Ejemplos: Formula N.Tradicional N.Stock N.Sistematica 𝑯 𝟐 𝑺𝑶 𝟒 Ácido sulfúrico Acido tetraoxosulfúrico (VI) Tetraoxosulfato (VI) De hidrogeno 𝑯 𝟐 𝑺𝑶 𝟑 Ácido sulfuroso Acido trioxosulfúrico (IV) Trioxosulfato (IV) De hidrogeno 𝑯 𝟑 𝑨𝒔𝑶 𝟒 Ácido arsénico Acido tetraoxoarsénico (V) Tetraoxoarseniato(V ) De hidrogeno 𝑯𝑵𝑶 𝟑 𝑯𝑵𝑶 𝟐 Ácido nítrico Ácido nitroso Acido trioxonítrico (V) Acido dioxonítrico (III) Trioxonitrato (v) de hidrogeno Dioxonitrato (III) De hidrogeno