Caio - conjunctions

1. English Syntax
Conjunctions and Interjections

2. Conjunctions
According to Bas Aarts, conjunctions belong to
a closed class of word. There are two types of
conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions (and,
or, but) and subordinating conjunctions (that, if,
whether, for,because, although, when, etc.)

3. 1. What do Conjunctions Do?
 Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":
 Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence
that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or
clauses, for example:
- Jack and Jill went up the hill.
- The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
 Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate
dependent clause to a main clause, for example:
- I went swimming although it was cold.

4. 2. What do Conjunctions Look Like?
 Conjunctions have three basic formats:
 single word
for example: and, but, because, although
 compound (often ending with as or that)
for example: provided that, as long as, in order that
 correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)
for example: so...that

5. 3. Where do Conjunctions Go?
 Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or
clauses that they join.
(I bought) [ [a computer] and [a keybord.] ]
[ [We will not offer this student a place] but [we can recommend a
College that will.] ]
 Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the
subordinate clause.
He thinks [that we will agree.]
She left the course, [because she didn’t like living in big city.]

6. Coordinating conjunction
 A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example
words or independent clauses) that are grammatically equal or
similar. A coordinating conjunction shows that the elements it joins
are similar in importance and structure:
 There are seven coordinating conjunctions, and they are all short
words of only two or three letters:
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

7. Exemplification
“They may take our lives, but they’ll never take our freedom!”
(Braveheart, 1995)
“I’ll get you, my pretty, and your little dog, too!”
(The Wizard of Oz, 1939)
“I’m having an old friend for dinner.”
(The Silenceof the Lambs, 1991)
“Keep your friend close, but your enemies closer.”
(The Godfather, Part II, 1974)

8. Coordinating
conjunctions
Sentences
For
She must have been very hungry, for she ate
everything immediately.
And They went to the park, and they went down the slide.
Nor
Caio doesn’t like doing his homework, nor does he like
going to school.
But
The park is empty now, but it will be filled with children
after school.
Or We could go get ice cream, or we could go get pizza.
Yet Projects can be really exciting, yet they can be really
hard work.
So I want to go to bed, so I am brushing my teeth.
Coordinating conjunctions

9. Subordinating conjunction
 A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate (dependent)
clause to a main (independent) clause:
 Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:
 after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that,
though, till, until, when, where, whether, while

10. Exemplification
“If you build it, he will come.”
(Field of Dreams, 1989)
“I’ll have what she’s having.”
(When Harry Met Sally, 1989)
“Every time a bell rings, an angel gets his wings.”
(It’s a Wonderfull Life, 1974)
“I´m going home whether you like it or not.”

11. Indicate:
Subordinating
conjunctions
Sentences
Comparion
Than, rather
than, whether,
etc.
This makes it easier to play than it was
easy to play before.
Relative
Adjectives
That,
whatever,
which, etc.
They went to the school that my father
went to.
Time
After, as soon
as, as long as,
before, etc.
He Always feeds the dogs before he
goes to school.
Concession
Though,
although, even
though, etc.
Though it was raining, she went out.
Relative Pronouns
Whom, whose,
whomever,
etc.
He is the man whom I met in Greece.
• Dependent or
subordinating clauses

12. Indicate:
Subordinating
conjunctions
Sentences
Place
Where, wherever It is the park where we played.
Condition
If, only if,even if,
etc,
If you leave, I will be lonely.
Manner
How, as though,
as if
At sunset, the sun looks as if it is going
down.
Reason
Because, since,
so that, etc.
I”ll go by car so that I can take more
luggage.

13. Interjections
Interjections are expressions of emotion, physical
state, agreement, disagreement. In other words,
it is na exclamatory word (or words) that shows
stong or sudden feeling and has no gramatical
function in the construction of a sentence.
E.g.: Aha!, Um/Uh, Aww, Duh/Whoop-Dee-
Doo//Pffft, Woohoo/Huzziah, Oops/Whoops,
Shh, Ouch/Ow, Wow.

14. Exemplification
 Wow surprise
‘My son got a full scholarship to Havard.’ ‘Wow, good for him! What’s he going
to study?’
‘My husband was just fired from his job.’ ‘Wow, I’m sorry to hear that.’
 Ouch/Ow pain
‘Ow!’ ‘What happened?’ ‘I banged my knee on the corner of the table.’
 Aha! sudden discovery or realization
Ah, now I understand this case.
 Shh tell somebody to be quiet
‘Shh! The movie’s about to start.’
 Aww cute or adorable
‘Here’s a picture of my daughter – she’s two years old.’ ‘Aww, what a cutie!’

15. Bibliography
AARTS, B. – English Syntax Argumentation, second edition, Hampshire, England
http://www.epressoenglish.net/interjections-example-in-english-conversation/
http://www.gingersoftware.com/subordinating-cunjunctions/
http://www.hollywooodreported.com/best-movie-quotes-hollywood-all-time/