Human organization characteristics

1. SOCIAL STUDIES GUIDE
FIRST TERM
NAME: ____________________________________GRADE:______ DATE: _________ TOPIC: _________________________ TEACHER: ____________________
FIRST HUMAN ORGANIZATIONS: BANDS, CLANS, TRIBES, AND STATES
Source: https://antropologiaprepa.wordpress.com/2011/08/30/formas-de-organizacion-social-banda-tribu-jefatura-y-estado/ - GUTIÉRREZ, Cuauhtémoc A. (2005). Introducción a las Ciencias
Sociales, Ed. Limusa, México, págs. 103-105
BAND
Formed by less than 100
individuals.
 Social organization is equitable
with informal leadership.
 In their economy they are hunter
gatherers.
Presence of shamans.
Relatives are bound by marriage.
They are not divided into classes,
with no economic differences.
 The only effective groups are
families.
The means of integration of these
groups is marriage.
The job is assigned. (Division of
Labour).

2. CLAN
The clan describes a group of
people who recognize their
descent from a common ancestor
and who identify with a common
totem or animal.
It is based on kinship. Members
are united by strong family ties.
They have unilineal offspring. The
whole group forms a great family.
They are exogamous, that is, they
choose their partner out of the
group.
Membership in a clan implies
social solidarity, the obligation to
provide mutual help, participation
in rites and ceremonies, and the
duty of revenge.
TRIBE
Members that form a band in the
order of thousands.
They are organized into clans.
These are units with land or
property tenure.
Agricultural or pastoral economy
with domesticated species.
Sedentarism. Permanent towns.
All settlements equal, without
getting any to have dominion over
the others.
Some specialization in handicrafts.
Elders with religious functions.
Regular religious ceremonies.

3. Sanctuaries in which the groups
meet.
ESTATE
Formed by more than 20,000
individuals.
Hierarchies based on social
classes.
Permanent army. War activities
and conflicts.
King or emperor as head of state.
Centralized bureaucracy.
Collection of taxes.
Powerful economic structure with
exchange.
Markets.
Economy controlled by an elite
with access to goods and services.
Codifications of laws. The crime is
seen as an injury to the state and
therefore punishments are
imposed.
Presence of settlements in large
cities and cities.
Very strong settlement
hierarchies.
Engineering works such as roads,
canals, bridges, etc.
Religious or priestly class.
Presence of a state religion.