Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
4.1.1 human organization
1. SOCIAL STUDIES GUIDE
FIRST TERM
NAME: ____________________________________GRADE:______ DATE: _________ TOPIC: _________________________ TEACHER: ____________________
FIRST HUMAN ORGANIZATIONS: BANDS, CLANS, TRIBES, AND STATES
Source:https://antropologiaprepa.wordpress.com/2011/08/30/formas-de-organizacion-social-banda-tribu-jefatura-y-estado/ - GUTIÉRREZ, Cuauhtémoc A. (2005). Introduccióna las Ciencias
Sociales, Ed. Limusa, México, págs. 103-105
BAND
Formedbylessthan100 individuals.
Social organizationisequitable with
informal leadership.
In theireconomytheyare hunter
gatherers.
Presence of shamans.
Relativesare boundbymarriage.
Theyare not dividedintoclasses,
withno economicdifferences.
The onlyeffective groupsare
families.
The meansof integrationof these
groupsis marriage.
The job isassigned.(Divisionof
Labour).
2. CLAN
The clan describesagroupof people
whorecognize theirdescentfroma
commonancestorand whoidentify
witha commontotemor animal.
It isbasedon kinship.Membersare
unitedbystrongfamilyties.
Theyhave unilinealoffspring.The
whole groupformsa greatfamily.
Theyare exogamous,thatis,they
choose theirpartneroutof the
group.
Membershipinaclan impliessocial
solidarity,the obligationtoprovide
mutual help,participationinrites
and ceremonies,andthe dutyof
revenge.
TRIBE
Membersthat forma band inthe
orderof thousands.
Theyare organizedintoclans.These
are unitswithlandor property
tenure.
Agricultural orpastoral economy
withdomesticatedspecies.
Sedentarism.Permanenttowns.All
settlementsequal,withoutgetting
any to have dominionoverthe
others.
Some specializationinhandicrafts.
Elderswithreligiousfunctions.
Regularreligiousceremonies.
Sanctuariesinwhichthe groups
meet.
3. ESTATE
Formedbymore than20,000
individuals.
Hierarchiesbasedonsocial classes.
Permanentarmy.War activitiesand
conflicts.
Kingor emperoras headof state.
Centralizedbureaucracy.
Collectionof taxes.
Powerful economicstructure with
exchange.
Markets.
Economycontrolledbyanelite with
access to goodsandservices.
Codificationsof laws.The crime is
seenasan injurytothe state and
therefore punishmentsare imposed.
Presence of settlementsinlarge
citiesandcities.
Verystrongsettlementhierarchies.
Engineeringworkssuchasroads,
canals,bridges,etc.
Religiousorpriestlyclass.
Presence of astate religion.
