2. Bibliography – APA format
Book
Encyclopedia
Magazine Article
Journal
Newspaper
Person
Interviewed
World Wide Web
3. Bibliography – APA format
Book
Encyclopedia
Magazine Article
Journal
Newspaper
Person
Interviewed
World Wide Web
Book
1. One Author
❖ Author’s last name, first, initial. (Publication date). Book
title. Additional information. City of publication: Publishing
company. Example
• Garcia, M. (1994). The Mango Tree. Manila: Liwanag.
2. Two Authors
❖ Example
• Dorn, L.J. & Soffos, C. (2005). Teaching for Deep
Comprehension. Maine: Stenhouse Publishers.
3. Several Authors
❖ Example
• Lauengco, A., et.al. (1999). English ED for High School (3rd
ed.). Makati: Bookmark Inc.
4. Bibliography – APA format
Book
Encyclopedia
Magazine Article
Journal
Newspaper
Person
Interviewed
World Wide Web
Encyclopedia
➢ Structure: Author’s name. (Year Published). (Article Title). Name
of Encyclopedia. Volume, pages. City of Publication: Publishing
Company.
➢ “Topic Title.” Name of Entire Encyclopedia. Year of Publication.
Volume, page(s).
❖ Example without author & with author
• “Helium”. (2006). The World Book Encyclopedia. 6, 98-
107.
• Helms, R. (1995). “Electric Light”. World Book
Encyclopedia.
5. Bibliography – APA format
Book
Encyclopedia
Magazine Article
Journal
Newspaper
Person
Interviewed
World Wide Web
Magazine Article
➢ Structure: Author’s Name. (Year, Month Published). “Article
Title”. Periodic Titles.
❖ Author if available. “Title of Article”. Periodical Title. Date.
Volume number, Page.
Example
• Cometa, S. (2007, January). “Studying Chinese”. Education
Weekly. 8, 12-13
6. Bibliography – APA format
Book
Encyclopedia
Magazine Article
Journal
Newspaper
Person
Interviewed
World Wide Web
Journal
➢ Structure: Author. (Year Published). “Article Title”. Journal Title. Volume, Issue
No. Publication Date. Journal page numbers.
❖ Example
• Seals, D.R. (2009). “Habitual exercise and vascular ageing”. The
Journal of Physiology. 587, 23. 5541-5549.
7. Bibliography – APA format
Book
Encyclopedia
Magazine Article
Journal
Newspaper
Person
Interviewed
World Wide Web
Newspaper
➢ Name of the Author. Year, Month, Day Published. “Article Title.”
Newspaper Title [City], page numbers.
❖ Example
• Cortez, A. (2005, July 7). “Dealing with Insomnia”.
Philippine Star. pp. A2.
8. Bibliography – APA format
Book
Encyclopedia
Magazine Article
Journal
Newspaper
Person
Interviewed
World Wide Web
Person Interviewed
➢ Name of person interviewed. Type of interview. Date of
interview.
❖ Example
• Soriano, A. (2008, April 5). Email interview
9. Bibliography – APA format
Book
Encyclopedia
Magazine Article
Journal
Newspaper
Person
Interviewed
World Wide Web
World Wide Web
➢ Author(s). “Title of Specific Page.” Title of Website, Publisher,
date of publication, url.
❖ Example
• Mendeley, J.A. (2017, January 16). How and when to
reference. Retrieved from
https://www.howandwheretoreference.com
11. Modals
can could
will would
shall should
may might
must
Can
➢ Meaning
❖ It indicates that the subject is able to do something.
• Example
a) Lani can write Haiku very well.
b) I can help you finish that song.
c) That boy can speak ten languages.
❖ It expresses possibility
• Example
a) Can I borrow your book?
b) Can she come with us?
c) Can you spend little time with me?
12. Modals
can could
will would
shall should
may might
must
Could
➢ Meaning
❖ It expresses an ability in the past
• Example
a) I could dance tango when I was young.
b) She could fly via Cebu if she leaves the day before.
c) Ada could not help her friend with their assignment
yesterday.
❖ It expresses polite request
• Example
a) Could I borrow your book?
b) Could you help me with this project?
c) Could you please lessen the sound of the radio?
13. Modals
can could
will would
shall should
may might
must
Will
➢ Meaning
❖ It expresses future intention/promise
• Example
a) Alvin will call you next week.
b) Your Mom will pick you up at seven.
c) I will send you the pictures I took last night.
❖ It expresses invitation/offer
• Example
a) Will you join us at the party?
b) Will you take this gift from him?
c) Will you please help me lift this box?
14. Modals
can could
will would
shall should
may might
must
Would
➢ Meaning
❖ It introduces habitual past actions
• Example
a) I knew it would rain, so I brought my coat.
b) Even she was young, she knew she would succeed.
c) The baby would cry every time she heard her fathers
voice.
❖ It expresses desire or polite request
• Example
a) I would like to live here.
b) Would you bring that basket to me?
c) What I would like is enough time to sleep.
15. Modals
can could
will would
shall should
may might
must
Shall
➢ Meaning
❖ It expresses invitation/suggestion
• Example
a) Shall I call the police?
b) Shall we meet at nine?
c) Shall we start meeting?
❖ It expresses obligation in a formal situation
• Example
a) Students shall not enter the room.
b) The workers shall not receive salary without
rendering services.
c) The students shall not devote their time and effort to
improve their performance
16. Modals
can could
will would
shall should
may might
must
Should
➢ Meaning
❖ It offers advice or opinion
• Example
a) You should go to the doctor.
b) You really should start eating healthy foods.
c) Children who have poor eating habits should take
some vitamins.
17. Modals
can could
will would
shall should
may might
must
May
➢ Meaning
❖ It indicates possibility or doubtful intention
• Example
a) She may be home late.
b) I may skip dinner tomorrow.
c) They may ask you lot of questions.
❖ It indicates permission
• Example
a) May I sit beside you?
b) You may start answering the test.
c) May I have the last slice of cake?
18. Modals
can could
will would
shall should
may might
must
Might
➢ Meaning
❖ It expresses uncertain possibility in the past
• Example
a) Bart said he might come.
b) I heard she might not stay here this weekend.
c) I thought I might finish reading this book before you
read it
❖ It expresses polite request
• Example
a) Might I borrow your pen?
b) Might I ask you one more question?
c) You might try calling her again.
19. Modals
can could
will would
shall should
may might
must
Must
➢ Meaning
❖ It expresses necessity/obligation
• Example
a) I must pay my bills now.
b) You must go to sleep now.
c) All students must wear face mask.