Storage Structure in food processing industry

1. A.D.Patel Institute of
Technology
 Subject :- Food Engineering Operations – I ( 2151404 )
 Topic :- Storage Structure
 Dept. :- Food Processing Technology
 Prepared By :- Jemishkumar Parmar ( 170010114024 )
 Submitted To :- Dr.Kshitiz Kumar

2. Research Paper - I
• Title :- Effects of insect population density and
storage time on grain damage and weight loss
in maize due to the maize weevil Sitophilus
zeamais and the larger grain borer
Prostephanus truncatus
 Tadele Tefera, Stephen Mugo and Paddy
Likhayo

3. Effects of insect population density and storage time on grain
damage and weight loss in maize due to the maize weevil
Sitophilus zeamais and the larger grain borer Prostephanus
truncatus
• Authors :- International Maize and Wheat
Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House,
UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village
Market, Nairobi, Kenya. 2Kenya Agricultural
Reserch Institute (KARI), National Agricultural
Laboratories, Nairobi, Kenya.
• Accepted 8 April, 2011

4. • A study was conducted with the objectives of
assessing comparative grain damage and weight
loss in maize due Prostephanus truncatus and
Sitophilus zeamais at ten varying population
densities (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50
insects per 200 g grain) and three storage durations
(30, 60 and 90 days), in a laboratory. The final
insect densities, percent grain damage, flour (dust)
produced and weight loss due to P. truncatus
exceeded that of the S. zeamais. Mean final insect
population density, percent dust production, and
weight loss increased over the storage period for P.
truncatus. However, percent dust production and
weight loss did not show significant increase over
the storage time for S. zeamais. Percent grain
damage declined 60 days after grain storage for P.
truncatus.

5. • . However, percent grain damage increased
sharply over the storage period for S.
zeamais. A mean weight loss of 67.1 and
6.9% recorded at an initial population density
of 50 insects 200 g-1 grain, after 90 days for
P. truncatus and S. zeamais, respectively.
Flour production by P. truncatus (52.8%) was
higher than that of S. zeamais (1.2%) after 90
days due to extensive tunneling to the grain
by the former.

6. • In conclusion, P. truncatus, caused high grain
damage and weight loss, indicating that
control measures should be designed at the
onset of grain storage if the grain is planned
to be stored for more than 30 days.
Traditional grain storage facilities may not
offer protection against P. truncatus, but
promotion of the use of metal silos and
resistant varieties in Kenya for grain storage
is an alternative approach to reduce losses
by P. truncatus.

7. • Key words: Damage, dust, maize, population
density, Prostepahnus truncatus; Sitophilus
zeamais, storage time, weight loss.

8. Research Paper - II
• Title :- Insecticidal activity of the essential oil
of Lonicera japonica flower buds and its main
constituent compounds against two grain
storage insects
• Researcher :- Hai Yan Zhou , Na Na Zhao , Shu
Shan Du , Kai Yang , Cheng Fang Wang , Zhi
Long Liu and Yan Jiang Qiao.

9. • Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11
Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing
100102, China. 2Department of Entomology,
China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan
West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193,
China. 3 State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface
Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal
University, Beijing 100875, China.
• Accepted 21 December, 2011

10. • The aim of this research was to determine acute
toxicity of the essential oil of Lonicera japonica
Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae) flower buds against the
booklouse (Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel)
and the maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais
Motschulsky). Essential oil of L. japonica flower
buds was obtained by hydrodistillation and
analyzed by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 25 components
of the essential oil were identified. The principal
compounds in the essential oil were estragole
(80.17%) and linalool (6.05%).

11. • The essential oil exhibited strong contact toxicity
against S. zeamais and L. bostrychophila with
LD50 values of 21.54 µg/adult and 64.04 µg/cm2
, respectively. The constituent compounds,
estragole (LD50 = 49.95 µg/cm2 ) and linalool
(LD50 = 172.54 µg/cm2 ) also possessed contact
toxicity against L. bostrychophila. L. japonica
essential oil and its constituent compounds
(estragole and linalool) exhibited fumigant
toxicity against S. zeamais with LC50 values of
13.36, 14.10 and 10.46 mg/L, respectively.

12. • The essential oil of L. japonica (LC50 = 0.20
mg/L) and its constituent compounds,
estragole (LC50 = 0.16 mg/L) and linalool
(LC50 = 0.41 mg/L) possessed fumigant
toxicity against L. bostrychophila. The results
indicated that the essential oil of L. japonica
and its constituent compounds showed
potential in terms of contact and fumigant
toxicity against grain storage insects.

13. • Key words: Lonicera japonica, Liposcelis
bostrychophila, Sitophilus zeamais, contact
toxicity, fumigant, essential oil composition,
estragole, linalool.

14. Refrences :
• Adams RP (2007). Identification of Essential Oil
Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,
4th ed. Allured Publ. Corp., Carol Stream, IL.
• Y, Komaki R, Inui M (1994). Volatile components of
honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) flowers. Flav. Fragr.
J., 9: 325-331. Ismam MB (2000). Plant essential oils for
pest and disease management. Crop Prot., 19: 603-608.
• Chu SS, Liu SL, Jiang GH, Liu ZL (2010b). Composition and
toxicity of essential oil of Illicium simonsii Maxim
(Illiciaceae) fruit against the maize weevils. Rec. Nat. Prod.,
4: 205-210.

15. • Jiangsu New Medical College (1977).
Dictionary of Chinese Herbal Medicine,
Shanghai Science and Technology Press,
Shanghai China, P. 1194-1196.
• Kawai H, Kuroyanagi M, Ueno A (1988a).
Iridoid glucosides from Lonicera japonica
Thunb. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36: 3664-3666.