Jose Garcia Villa was a Filipino literary critic, poet, painter, and short story writer. He was born on August 5, 1908 in Manila. He gained both local and international recognition for his works. He was named as the National Artist for Literature in 1973, and he was also a recipient of the Guggenheim Fellowship. During his college years, he wrote Man Songs, a collection of controversial poems that was considered too bold by the University of the Philippines and became the ground for his suspension from the said institution. Some of his well-known literary works are "Mir-i-nisa" (won in the Philippines Free Press in 1929), and "Footnote to Youth" (published in 1933).

1. Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA Administrative Region
Division of Agusan del Sur
SAN LUIS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
BALIT ANNEX
Balit, San Luis, Agusan del Sur
21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World

2. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex
CANONICAL AUTHORS AND WORKS
OF PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ARTISTS
IN LITERATURE

3. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to recognize
Jose Garcia Villa’s contributions to the development of
Philippine literature.
Who is Jose Garcia Villa?
What are his contributions to Philippine literature?
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex

4. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex

5. Jose Garcia Villa
 Jose Garcia Villa was a Filipino literary critic, poet, painter, and short
story writer. He was born on August 5, 1908 in Manila.
 He gained both local and international recognition for his works. He
was named as the National Artist for Literature in 1973, and he was
also a recipient of the Guggenheim Fellowship.
 During his college years, he wrote Man Songs, a collection of
controversial poems that was considered too bold by the University
of the Philippines and became the ground for his suspension from
the said institution.
 Some of his well-known literary works are "Mir-i-nisa" (won in the
Philippines Free Press in 1929), and "Footnote to Youth" (published
in 1933).
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex

6. Jose Garcia Villa as a Poet
• As a poet, Jose Garcia Villa is known for introducing the reversed
consonance rhyme scheme.
• According to Villa, in this method, the last sounded consonants of the
last syllable, or the last principal consonant of a word, are reversed for
the corresponding rhyme. Thus, a rhyme for light would be words such
as tile, tall, tale, etc.
• He is also known for his comma poems, where he employed a comma
after every word.
• He used the pseudonym Doveglion, which is derived from dove, eagle,
lion.
• He died on July 7, 1997.
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex

7. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex
ACTIVITY
 READ THE STORY ENTITLED
“FOOTNOTE TO YOUTH”
 ANALYZE THE STORY AND ANSWER
THE GUIDED QUESTIONS.

8. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex
Guided Question
Who are the characters in the story?
What is the setting of the story?
What is the theme of the story?
Write your own reflection about the
story and depicts it in a real life
situation.

9. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex
a. Setting
The short story is set in a small town.
b. Plot
 Exposition
Dodong, a seventeen-year-old boy, tells his parents that he wants to marry his
girlfriend Teang.
 Rising Action
Teang secretly regrets marrying Dodong at a young age. She wonders what can
happen if she has married Lucio, who is nine years older than Dodong.
 Climax
Dodong wonders why life does not get to fulfill all of a youth’s dreams.
 Falling Action
Blas tells Dodong about his plan to marry Tona.

10. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex
 Conclusion
Dodong wants to keep Blas from marrying
Tona, but he cannot do anything about it. He
feels sorry for Blas.
c. Theme
The story focuses on the consequences of
marrying at an early age and starting a family.

11. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex
Explanation:
In the story "Footnote to Youth," Dodong is the symbol for the
Filipino youth. His decision to marry his love interest, Teang, at
the age of seventeen demonstrates the passion of teenagers
when it comes to relationships.
Those of the younger generation usually strive for new pursuits
to learn things on their own, often rejecting their elders’
guidance. From the story, it is depicted that lessons are learned
through experience. Dodong, as well as Teang, had many
realizations when he became a parent.

12. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex
Tips
 In analyzing a literary work, make sure that you read it
thoroughly and analyze it well.
 Study the background of the author, as this will give you
insights regarding the setting of the story and the historical
and/or social influences of the time and place in which the
author lived.
 Analyze the concepts presented in the literary work
by relating them to practices and traditions in the
Philippines or in the place used as the setting of the story.

13. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the WorldSan Luis National High School – Balit Annex
ASSIGNMENT
What is the definition of Essay?
Thank you!
Direction: In a ¼ sheet of paper write your answer.