Additional blog of M. A.

Additional blog of
Post Graduation :
[Type the document subtitle]
In thisdocumentyoucan findall the additional blogIhave writtenduringthe two
yearof my postgraduationyear.Alsothisaddsome of the textI have studied
duringthe yearof my graduation. Alsoitcontainsthe movie review.
2018-
20
Jeelvyas15@gmail.com
[Type the companyname]
2018- 20

Contents
Post truth :.........................................................................................................................................7
Movie screeing Lagan once upon a time in India. :................................................................................7
Setting: ..........................................................................................................................................8
Conflict:.........................................................................................................................................8
RELIGION:....................................................................................................................................8
Ruler life:.......................................................................................................................................8
Leadership quality :........................................................................................................................8
Untouchability:...............................................................................................................................9
Work of lakha and Elizabeth:...........................................................................................................9
Online discussion Mario Vargas Llosa's Interview : ..............................................................................9
Movie review : Robinson crusoe :.....................................................................................................10
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie :............................................................................................................12
Education :...................................................................................................................................12
Her novel : ...................................................................................................................................12
Her short stories collection : ..........................................................................................................12
Her book length essay :.................................................................................................................12
Award won by her :.......................................................................................................................12
Video 1 : The danger of single story. .............................................................................................12
Video 2 : we all should be Feminists : ...........................................................................................12
Video 3 : Importance of truth in post truth era................................................................................13
Youth Festival 2018: Academic Task ;...............................................................................................13
1. One act play:.............................................................................................................................14
2. Western solo signing : ...............................................................................................................14
3. Rangoli : ..................................................................................................................................15
Interaction with the professor from France : .......................................................................................15
Talk with author Dr. Vishal Bhadani :................................................................................................16
Talk with the author and blogger Bhupendrasinh Raol :.......................................................................17
River and Tieds documentary :.......................................................................................................18
A Girl in the River : Documentary :.....................................................................................................18
 Cultural Study........................................................................................................................19
 Post-colonialism....................................................................................................................19
Play : All My Sons :............................................................................................................................19

About the author : ........................................................................................................................19
He won awards like,......................................................................................................................19
About the play :............................................................................................................................20
Novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr.Hyde :...........................................................................................................21
About the author : ........................................................................................................................21
His famous works are,...................................................................................................................22
About the Novel :..........................................................................................................................22
Summery:.....................................................................................................................................22
Main idea in novel :.......................................................................................................................23
Social reason : ..............................................................................................................................23
Play Tughlaq :...................................................................................................................................24
About the author : ........................................................................................................................24
He won so many awrds, ................................................................................................................24
About the play :............................................................................................................................24
Summary :....................................................................................................................................24
Novel : Moby Dick :...........................................................................................................................26
About the author :........................................................................................................................26
His famous works are,...................................................................................................................26
Summary......................................................................................................................................26
Moby-Dick as an allegory :.............................................................................................................27
Poem : Daffodils :..........................................................................................................................27
Poem : The oldwoman :...................................................................................................................28
Poem : The Fly :...............................................................................................................................29
Hidden meaning of poem : ............................................................................................................30
Poem : The Eagel :............................................................................................................................30
Summery :....................................................................................................................................31
Personifications :..........................................................................................................................31
Simile :.........................................................................................................................................31
Use of sentences :.........................................................................................................................31
Poem : I Love All Beauties things :......................................................................................................32
Summery :....................................................................................................................................32
Simile :.........................................................................................................................................32
Poem : Fame and Friendship :............................................................................................................33

Poem : virtue :..................................................................................................................................34
Poem : Ozymandias : ........................................................................................................................34
Movie review : Article 15:.................................................................................................................35
Movie : The great dictator:................................................................................................................36
Movie : Modern Times......................................................................................................................37
Movie review : The scarletletter: ......................................................................................................37
Question asked by mam : .............................................................................................................38
Sairandhri byVinod Joshi : ................................................................................................................42
GirishKarnad :..................................................................................................................................43
Movie screening Waiting for Godot :..................................................................................................45
Rang mohan youth festival :..............................................................................................................48
Augest : Patriotism and religion fervour. :.........................................................................................50
Short story.......................................................................................................................................50
Theme :........................................................................................................................................51
Short story : How Much Land Does A Man Need ?..............................................................................51
Pakhom's journey : .......................................................................................................................52
Title significe :...............................................................................................................................52
Theme :........................................................................................................................................52
Short story : The mother : .................................................................................................................52
Poem : To His Coy Mistress :..............................................................................................................53
Theme :........................................................................................................................................53
Poem : ode on solitude : ...................................................................................................................54
Poem: When We two parted :...........................................................................................................54
Short story : Trunk of Ganesha. .........................................................................................................55
Short story: The Tiger smiled.............................................................................................................56
Novel : Kim.......................................................................................................................................56
Background of the play or How Kim and Kipling are similar with each other:....................................56
Summery :....................................................................................................................................57
Othello:............................................................................................................................................57
Prefeace to the plays of Shakespeare : Samuel Johnson......................................................................58
Positive of Shakespearean style of writing :....................................................................................58
Negative of Shakespearean style of writing :...................................................................................59
The Nature of criticism by Herbert Read: ...........................................................................................60

Part : 1 .........................................................................................................................................60
Part : 2 .........................................................................................................................................61
Part : 3 .........................................................................................................................................61
Myth, fiction and displacement by Northrop Frye :.............................................................................61
The Imagination by I. A. Richards :.....................................................................................................62
Tragedy and Imagination :.................................................................................................................63
From work to text by Roland Barthes :...............................................................................................64
1. The method :............................................................................................................................64
2. The Genres : .............................................................................................................................64
3. The sign :..................................................................................................................................65
4. The Plurality:.............................................................................................................................65
5. The Filiations :...........................................................................................................................65
6. The reading :.............................................................................................................................66
7. The Pleasure :...........................................................................................................................66
The Function of criticism at present time by Matthew Arnold :..........................................................66
Literary criticism and philosophy by F. R. Leavies...............................................................................68
Novel : Far From the Madding Crowd.................................................................................................69
Character of Bathsheba :...............................................................................................................69
Character of Oak :.........................................................................................................................70
1. Litchart : ..................................................................................................................................71
2. bechlorandmaster.com :............................................................................................................71
Arundhati Roy : ................................................................................................................................71
Cultural Studies : workshop by Kalyani Vallath :..................................................................................72
What I understand about Cultural Studies : ....................................................................................72
How we explain Cultural Studies tolayman : ..................................................................................73
How I explain Cultural Studiesin interview :...................................................................................73
The catchy example : ....................................................................................................................73
Expertlecture onwaitingfor Barbarians. :.........................................................................................73
About the author : ........................................................................................................................74
Award won by coetzee :................................................................................................................74
Summary of Waiting For The Barbarians:........................................................................................74
Character:....................................................................................................................................74
Theme of the Novel: .....................................................................................................................75

Comparison with other novel :.......................................................................................................75
Learning outcome :.......................................................................................................................75
Reading Habit survey Analysis. ..........................................................................................................75
What is Reading?..........................................................................................................................75
Basic details about my survey:.......................................................................................................76
Thought in my mind while analysing the answer :...........................................................................76
The actual result was different then what I was thinking:................................................................77
Answer I got from the people while talking to them:.......................................................................78
Answer I got from them: ...............................................................................................................78
What I come to know from this :....................................................................................................79

Post truth :
Post truth is the word which is selected as word of the year by Oxford English dictionary in the
year 2016.
According to Oxford dictionary post truth means,
"Relating to or denoting circumstances in which facts
are less influential in shaping public opinion then
appals to emotions and personal belif."
In a simple words we can say that post truth is a fact
but not a real truth just a created truth.
The Simple example of post truth is that post truth is
a truth which is used by "udhishthir" in Mahabharata
as "Narovakunjrova"
Most of the universal truth are also example of post
truth.For example sun raise in east and sets in
West.we all know that sun never rice or set. But then even we believe and speak like that.so we
can say that this is also example of post truth.
Generally post truth is used by media or politics. Recently we find example of post truth. That
one of the poliction recently say that,
"On the death bed humayu told baber to respect cows and braminns."
But actually the Humayu was the son of Babur and Babur died before Humayu.still this things
are spread by media.So we can say that media used post truth more.
Movie screeing Lagan once upon a time in India. :
On 15th August 2018 on the day of
independence we watched the movie " Lagan once
upon a time in India." ( 2001) directed by Ashutosh
Gowariker
Here I am giving my opinion about the movie.
From common man's eye lagan is a 'MASALA' film. we
find love triangle in it. But if we look through the eyes
of literature we find many layers in it.
Post truth.POST TRUTH

Setting:
The setting of the film is historical. The year in which story takes place is 1893. The British force
villagers to pa heavy tax. At that time they called it Lagaan. The word which became the title.
Conflict:
From the beginning we find the conflict between Rushal (the English captain ) and Bhuvan ( the
hero ). Because of that conflict story gets its way. When the villagers go to request to king that
they won't able to pay 'dugun lagaan' because Rushal is already angry with Bhuvan he gave him
challenge to play cricket and say that if they win all for three year he forgive their lagan and if
they lose the have to pay ' tiguna lagaan'. Bhuvan accepts his challenge. The story line take place
form this incident.
RELIGION:
Religion plays vital role in movie. king says
Rushal that people believe that they are
suffering because from last year they do not do
worship in village which is near their village.
King says that because of his bad relations with
that village' king . If Rushal request that King
he will allow his villagers. During this talk
when Elizabeth ( second heroien ans sister of
Rushal ) offers king meat and king says I am
vegeration. Rushal says that if he will eat meat
he wiil granted his wish. But king refuce.
Because it is against his religion. In his anger
Rushal says that now villagers have to pay
'duguna lagaan'.
Secondly we find that when villagers wont able to win match thay pray to god. This things show
mentality of people that when we stucked in something we feel that the god is only solution.
Ruler life:
We find Indian ruler life shown in good way. Their homes clothes and food habits and even their
pad gloves are also design like that way.During that time India is not much develop. People for
their basic needs need like water has only source is rain. There is no other option available to
better life. People of that time believe in destiny kind of
thing. This thing we find when Guri ( the heroine ) shows
her hand to know about his future.
Leadership quality :

The leadership quality of Bhuvan is shown in very good manner. He bravely accepted the
challenge. Though he don't know any thing about the game even he don't know the name of
game. He never lose hope in in any condition. When people of village refuse him to support he
use different tricks. Because of his tricks villagers agree to take part. We see his leadership in
whole play.
Untouchability:
India's one of the most big problem is shown in movie. The character of kutchra is untouchable.
So other people of village refuse to play with him. But Bhuvan speech they convinced and agrra
to play.
Work of lakha and Elizabeth:
Though both of them are aganist their people there is difference between them. Elizabeth is
against his brother because she found him wrong. He is doing wrong with the villagers. But on
the other side lakha is against Bhuvan because of his jealousy he thinks that because of Bhuvan
Guri is not ready to Mary with him.
Online discussion Mario Vargas Llosa's Interview :
Mario Vargas Llosa the Peruvian novelist, was
awarded the nobal prize for literature in 2010. His most
recent novel is The Neighbourhood .
Here in this blog I am sharing the point which I like
form his interview for the worldpost by Michael Skafidas ,
a journalist and professor of comparative literature at City
University of New York I also try to explain that why I
agree with that point by giving example according to my
understanding.
First point which I like is that " If you respect
literature you must accept not only the very idealist altruist
vision of the human beings but also the infernal vision of
them. Georges Bataille said that in human beings , there are
angle and devil. Literature is testimony of what we hide. "
I totally agree with this point because As most of us consider literature as mirror of society then
how can we expect that whatever is literature is must be idealist. In real life we can't find every
person is ideal. There is always a hidden evil personality in every ideal man. For this we can
take example of novel " The Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde."

Here in this we find that Mr. Hyde is hidden personality of Dr.
Jekyll. Like this we can find people in our real life also. There is
always something hidden in every person but because of there
reputation and other reason they want able to show that to the
world.
Second point which I like is " History and literature are face of
coin. I like literature that is still very close to living experiences."
I totally agree with this point because history and literature
are parallel. Whatever we find in history we find in
literature. We find that there are a literary work based on
reality. This type of literature is near to living experiences.
For this we can take example of the novel "The
namesake"
Here in this novel we find the real life incident and
experience of auther. With this we find that how actually the
world around us. Thus this type of literature is closed to
living experiences.
Third point which I like is " I think it is right to denounce
abuses against woman. These abuses are everywhere. "I
totally agree with this point because we find abuses every
where. And because of this reason we find that our
government made strict rules. Abuses against woman now a
days increase more and more. According to " Glob
Gender Gap Index "2017
Out of 144 woman 108 woman has to face abuses.
Movie review : Robinson crusoe :
Robinson Crusoe is novel written by Daniel Defoe. The
full title of the novel is The life and surprising
adventure of Robinson crusoe.

This is a adventure story of Robinson
Crusoe who is both the narrator and main
character. We studied a novel but when we
visualize things it give a better
understanding. Because of this reason we
also see one movie based on novel.
There are more then one movie based
on Robinson Crusoe. We see the movie
directed by Luis Bunuel. The story was
based on see voyage.
We can see that the scene of movie are very beautifully directed. If we talk that how faithful
movie to novel is? We can say that movie is quite faithful to the novel. But We find that the
before life of Robinson Crusoe and his first two voyages are not shown in movie.
But if we talk about the third voyage and his life on
island movie show it in a very good manner. When
Crusoe reached island he was alone though he didn't lose
his hope and he try to servive and spent twenty eight
years of his life in island.
One of the most important seen is his illusion where he
see his father. The seen is beautifully directed. Focus of
camera is very good. In illusion seen we cam only see his
father things around him cannot be visible this help us to
go deep in his illusion. The entry of Friday is showed in
a good way. Crusoe's behaviour with him gives as clear
idea of master slave relationship.
Crusoe first teaches him word master and
his behavior also that type. After that he
save Friday's father and a caption that is
also directed well.
We can see that the movie is quite faithful
to the novel. Important scene are also
directed very well.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie :
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a nigerian novelist. She was born on 15 September 1977. She
mostly write novel and short stories.
Education :
- Studied medicine in Nsukka.
- Studied Communication and Political science at Eastern Connecticut State University.
- Received a master's degree in creative writing from John Hopkins University.
- Studied African history at Yale University.
Her novel :
Purple Hibiscus ( 2003 )
Half of a yellow sun ( 2006 )
Americanah ( 2013 )
Her short stories collection :
The thing Around your Neck ( 2009)
Her book length essay :
We should all be Faminists (2014 )
Award won by her :
Macarthur genius Great ( 2008)
Video 1 : The danger of single story.
Ngozi Adichie is very good speaker. In the first video she talk about her family, her childhood
writing, her view about the literature. she began to write at age of 7. At that time all her character
are white and blue eyed. First she simpla immitate the things that she read. But as soon as her
reading grows she started reading about the thing actually she found around her self. We found
that she simply speak that the thinks she never found around her she write about that. This
shows the denger of single reading that she wrote the things she never feel. It also shows the
power of colonialism. Though she don't know anything about the life of white people she write
about them. The roommate scene also shows thinking of white people about black.
Video 2 : we all should be Feminists :
When she began talk about Feminism first she talks about her personal experience that she wants
to be monitor in class but her teacher simply refund her because she was girl. Farther she says

that boys always pay for girl to prove her masculine. Their ego never allow them to bag in front
of girl. Marriage is for them is about ownership. She also says that we
should focus on ability rather then the gender. In culture virginity is more important for girl then
boy. This also shows the our narrow mind set. We also feel that child is only responsibility of
both not only woman.
Video 3 : Importance of truth in post truth era.
In the third video about truth in post-truth era, she beautifully said about the courage of speaking
truth. Her thought is to be loyal with ourselves to tell the truth. She says that most of the time
politic force to lie. She also says you must not tell truth because it's work but after telling truth
you can sleep well. She also says that never stop your self to tell truth. Be courageous accept that
life is messy. Your life is not always perfectly match with your ideology. She also talk about self
doubt and self believe.
If I talk about my self then I agree with her in her idea of marriage. When she says that marriage
is ownership for man. Because in our society we have so many examples where we can see this
thing. Where man treet a a woman as object or as their own property. And also shows the reality
of the society.
I like idea of the to tell the truth to your self. Because we see that we even sometime lie to our
self. We try to gave justification to self so that our guilt conscious won't truble us. So I like the
idea that at least we should true to our self. This view also help me to understand life and my self
in better way. This point provide me to view how I talk with my self. That is I am also give
excuse to my self sometime.
Youth Festival 2018: Academic Task ;
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University
has celebrated three days of Youth festival which has
given the name as Ashvariyam Youth festival. This
festival celebrated on 26th October to 28th October. In
this festival there were many events like One Act Play
, Skit , Mono-acting , Poetry Recitation , on the spot
Painting, Collage, Cartooning, Rangoli, Installation,
Photography , Poster Making , Western group song
and solo song , Bhajan , Group Traditional
Orchestra etc. So the task given by Dilip Barad Sir to
watch this events and do critical observation and try to
connect with various literary terms. Among all this
events I was attend the one act play, Western solo

song, Rangoli. Here in this blog I will try to give explanation of things which I like.
1. One act play:
Frist we must know that whan Aristotle talk
about the play he says that play must have
five acts. But now a days de find so many
play which has only one act and though we
consider as a play.
The play I attended is name as sickka ni trigi
baju. This play is perform by the student of
department of English. In this play they talk
about the person from LGBT cast. It shows
how our mind is narrow that we do treet them
as a human.
In this we found that not only the person who
is from LGBT cast has to suffer but we found
that as well as her mother has to suffer with
the person
She has to live the house with her child so
she can give her better life because she knows
that her husband and mother -In -low never accept this child. This play deal with our current
issue. In this play we fell charsis. We also found that the play do not follow any unities. Because
we found that LGBT baby name as Kiran grew up and tell her own story on novel as well as win
the award. So here he brake the unity of time. We also found that the all the scene are in house of
Kiran but last scene was of award fiction so here he brake the unity of place. They use the taqnic
of flace back that Krian her own self tell the story so also brake the unity of action.
The another play which I see was the play Bhrugu Samhita deal with the themes of
entanglement of relations, the importance of progeny and also how parentage formed the most
important parameter of one's identity, etc.This play is more about intergue and destiny. We see in
this play that how destiny can ruined once life. What ever happened with the main character in
play is because of his destiny. So it is more Classical but also has Morden touch.
2. Western solo signing :
If I personally speak I do not found it canvasing because singing more about feel and enjoy. But
some time I fell that the person on stage is not enjoy the song because they have to remember
lyrics. so in in remembering lyrics they forget to enjoy song. And if the person who is singing
is not enjoy song then how can audience enjoy song. So it was less canvasing to me.

3. Rangoli :
Most of the Rangoli has traditional theme. But I
found this Rangoli attractive. Because in this the
maker used traditional theme with the technology.
Most of the people believe that the technology us
we west of time but this Rangoli shows the use of
technology. That if you actually know how to use
technology you can learn from it. Thai Rangoli
also get prize and rank.
Interaction with the professor from France :
On 22nd January 2019 we had surprise visit in our
department of English. This visit by French
professor. Prof. Saeed Paivandi and Prof.
Fantanini Christine from University of Lorraine ,
France. Prof. Kishor Joshi from department of
Economics has introduced the guest. We had small
talk with them.
They mainly talk about two things. Firstly they
talk about merger of smaller University as part of
making world class University. Second they talk
about gender disparity in higher education. Apart
from this they also talked about unequal
distribution of wealth, yellow movement and
unemployment.
When they talk about the movement in
France their thoughts are contradict with
each other. Prof.
Saeed believe that the violence in any
movement is wrong. On the other side Prof.
Christin believe that violence is normal
when you are against something. I think the

reason of there contradictory thought is their culture difference. Prof. Saeed is not from France
he only go there to learn the language and later on settled down there. And Prof .Christin is from
France only.
The second thing their talk focus on is gender disparity in
higher education. According to their research though this is
time of equality we found that there is less girls in the field
where reputation and money both are good like field of
engineering, surgery and law. When we see the
engineering we found that there are only 60% girls and in
the field of law there are only 15% girls who can reach the
post of judge. On contradictory part we found that there are
80% girls who goes in the field of humanity.
Talk with author Dr. Vishal Bhadani :
In our department we invited the author Dr. Vishal Bhadani. He talked about the his book
'Fictionalay'. The book is collection of short stories. He say that he try new attempt in Literature.
Before this he sent us four different story to read
that we can come to know that what type of short
stories he wrote in his book. The story are
1. Mara hath nu vat nathi.
2. Museum of innocence.
3. Sasai and ramjana.
4. Spring.
From this story The story I like most is 3rd sasai
and ramjana. The story is about the girl.
Recently lions are sifted from girl to Madhya
Pradesh. The theme of the story is supernatural.
Even author Dr. Vishal Bhadhahi also read story
by him self.
Apart from this he also read the story Mara hat ni vat nathi. In this story he wrote about the
different part of hand with the help of this he talked about the social problem. I found this
attempt very interesting as well as the story has contrast with it's title also.

Then he also talk about the story of Mecum of innocence. The title it self reflect what there will
be in story. The villager's told to sent the most innocent thing from there village. They are very
curious that what they will send. At last they decided that they will sent the fruit of Banaya trees.
He also talk about the story of kamayan. Which he wrote. The story is based on Ramayana and
the sita. Later on he talk about the Worksop in translation. He tell the what are benefit if you are
work as translation. And how the translation must be done.
Talk with the author and blogger Bhupendrasinh Raol :
Today We have an talk with blogger and author
Bhupendrasinh Raol in our department Department
of English of Bhavanger University.
Who talk with about the his book Rasayanik Gita.
In this book he talk about the Human behavior and
how it is connected with the human's biological
cycle.
He critisied that Evey aspect of the human
behavior is connected with the biological cycle
rather then phycological thing. He also give reason
that why he gave title of the book as Rasayanik
Gita. He also talk about the new field of
phycology is revolutionary phycology. He also
say that In new phycology they started to believe
that the Soul of the human is brain. He also talk
about the difference of two country. And how
work is more important then the the language.
He also talk about the defference between mail
dominate structure and female dominate structure
with the example of two spieces Gorilla and Bonobo.
He also talk about the T-SHIRT resurch in Amrica.
This resurch is about the DNA and especial small in
that. He also say that whatever we do in our life is
most of for stutas seeking. Stutas seaking is from our
our ancestors to us. And he also say that this all thing
he mansions in his book Rasayanik Gita. He also
gifted one copy of book to our department.

River and Tieds documentary :
Rivers and Tides: Andy Goldsworthy Working With Time is the most spiritually literate
documentary. It won the Golden Gate Award Grand Prize for Best Documentary at the 2003 San
Francisco International Film Festival.
Andy Goldsworthy makes sense-luscious sculptures
entirely out of things he finds in nature — stones, twigs,
leaves, plant stalks, clay, ice, snow. In this meditative 90-
minute documentary by Thomas Riedelsheimer,
Goldsworthy is seen working on new creations as he
explains his philosophy that brings together a Zen-like
appreciation of the natural world, a deeply felt connection
with the Earth and all its thousand things, a fascination
with time and the ephemeral existence of objects, a
respect for place and all the marvels discovered within a
space that one knows intimately, and a yearning to explore
the energy that is running through the landscape.
Sometimes his works change before our eyes and even
pass away before we have savored all their mystery and
magic. But to the artist, this is all part of the process.
"Art for me is a form of nourishment".In this documentary he is working with time and also uses
the natural environment to explore histories. He wanders on river banks and collects the natural
materials and creates something beautiful out of them.But everything which is created, soon it
will be destroyed by nature. Basically it speaks about the natural concept of birth and death.
We see that he saw the prossess of life and death with the help of the nature. Everything in the
life is temporary we see that as the time pass eveythever in life comes to it's end.
A Girl in the River : Documentary :
Sharmeen obaid Chinoy 's Got Oscar award for her documentary " A Girl in the River " has been
much celebrated at home. It is about honor killing in Pakistan.
Sharmeen’s films are about truly heroic Pakistani women — women who have suffered
appalling cruelty and oppression but who have refused to be silenced. In telling their stories to
the world, they have fought back and exposed injustice. It is shows the true situation of women
that how they suffering so by showing this reality it brings awareness in society. It is not the

situation of women in Pakistan but overall in the world. We don't know many places where
women are suffering. people not easily accept this reality.
 Cultural Study:- The prime duty of any literary writer is to present the contemporary issues and
picture of nation. Everyone has the right to voice and freedom of expression. So they are free to
portrayed the condition of their country. But many follower of ideology and political discourse try to
banned this kind of harsh reality, because they do not bear the bad images of their culture and
country.
 Post-colonialism:
General belief of the people is that writer must write about the glory and positive side
of their country, and we Asian believe that western people give awards on our bed images and they
happy because western people feel happy when they see our poor condition. But this is not right, we
have many examples from the western works:Oliver Twist ,Sense and sensibility ,The west land
etc. These all works portrayed the reality of the society.
If we want to reform our poor condition, this kind of work is very important to open the eyes of
power.
Play : All My Sons :
About the author :
Arthur Miller was one of the best play writer. He was born on
17th October 1915. He was a most creative and fertile play
writer and essayist of America.
His first play was The Man who Had All The Luck (
1944). Apart from this his noticable work are,
 Death Of a Salesman.
 The Crucible
 All My Sons.
He won awards like,
 Pulitzer prize
 The Jerusalem prize
 Austurias award
 The Datothy and Lillian Gosh lifetime achievement Award.

About the play :
His creation All my sons was one of the most famous plays. It was based upon the true story
which was published in newspaper. There was a story about the some war and that inspire him a
lot. The story was about how defective aircraft engine done some damage during the war in
Ohio. And this real story creates a plot for play in author's mind. This real story was
transformed in to get well known play during the time and that was named as All My Sons.
This play is written in three acts. Joe Keller was the protagonist of
the play. The play takes place in John Keller's home's backyard.
Joe and Kate Keller are the main character, who are in center of
the play. They have two son Chris and Larry Keller. It was quite
happy family. But one incident brings disaster in their life.
Once there was a case on joe's factory for production of the
defective cylinder heads. Joe and his partner Steave Server were
guilty for it as per court order. But the real scene was title
different. When defective pieces were produced and so Steave
called him but Joe gets pneumonia. And he can not go to factory.
So he tell Steave that he will take responsibility for it but cover all
defective cylinder head and sheaped them out.
Steve trust his friends and do as per he said . Joe was real
practical man so he deny that thing in Court. There was no proof
against him because what ever he did he was on phone and at that
time phone call are not provebale as it is now. So Steave was sent to prison and Deever family is
distroyed.
Because they can not able to face society they sifted to New York. Annie Deever who was the
engaged with Larry stays alone because Larry was fighter plan pilot and he can not bear near the
incident and so he wrote a letter to Ann. He wrote :
'' I can not bear near to live anymore. I can't tell you how I feel... I can't face anybody... I
want you to know that you must not wait for me."
We can easily judge cause of this dialogue that Larry is real solider that he can not face the
reality that his father was the reason of twenty o e solider's death. So commited suside and was
reported missing by Army as per his plan.Ann and her brother George Deerver used to think that
their father was gulity as per the Joe's statement in court. So they leave them on their own.
When Joe come to know about this thing makes him gulity. So he try to convince them that
because that time was cricule and whtw ever happened was because of war situation. He said
that because situation was wrong Steave make mistake so they must furgive him.

George also realized something so he wemy to meet his father in jail. He is now lawyer so he
understands what his father said. So he come to Joe kellKell home. When play was performed
Ann was at Joe home because she now loves Chris bad she wants to get married with him now.
When George center to know about the truth he said to Ann. You are not going to marry him
and you must come with me. But Ann refused and decided to stay at home with Chris.
But till it Chris never believe that his father is guilty and he used to trust his father only. But at
the end of act 2 he come to know that his father done that mistake and his mistake distory one
family who are there neighbor and friend and 21 other family who lost there son during the plan
crash because of cracked cylinder head.
This incident shaken h and he decided to leave home and his father Joe and his money which are
covered with innocent people's blood. He can not use that money and desiced to leave. But Joe
can't accept that thing because he never thought that he did anything wrong. He thinks that he
was enough mature and praciticle. He has to done it for his sons because he has to leave
something. Joe said : who worked for nothing in that war? Did they ship gun or truck...
Without price ? Is that clean ? Why am I bad?
He never realized his mistake and when that stuff come out he tried to prove that he is right. Kate
also knows that and so she also tris to cover that point but one more reason was there when their
younger son Larry was repoted missing on 25th November. There was a hidden fear in Kate's
mind that when Larry is dead if he was dead them he was surly killed by that defective cylinder
head. And his own father become the reason his death. But her mind was not ready to accept
that a son can killed by his own father. So she never believe that Larry is dead
So Kate firmly believe that, Ann is larry's girl and Chris should not marry Larry's
girl. When Kate is not ready to accept that Larry is dead. Then at the at the end Ann revels last
latter to her. In which he wrote that she must not wait for him.
When they come to know aboya this Joe realized his terrible mistake and finally Joe accept that
he done wrong.And Joe commit suside. And say not only he was but all my sons.
Novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr.Hyde :
About the author :
R.L.Stevenson was scottish novelist and Travel writer. He
was born on 13 November 1850 in scotland. Stevenson
attracted a more negative critical response for much of the
20th century, though his reputation has been largely
restored. He is currently ranked as the 26th most
translated author in the world.

His famous works are,
 Treasure Island
 Kidnapped
 Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde.
 A Child's Garden Of Verses.
About the Novel :
His one of the famous work is Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. This novel
is scientific fiction. Here we can see that he is represents is era very beautifully. Because we see
that he was from Victorian era and one of the characteristic of this era is science vs religion. We
found scientific development during that time and we see that Stevenson try to represent that
thing in his novel.
Stevenson use to work on how personality can affect a human. So he gave voice to his thought in
this story. This story is narrated by the lawyer named Gabriel Utterson. He investigate strage
incident which occures case or Dr. Jekyll. Some part of the novel can act as a horror. Apart from
scientific fiction this novel can be seen under the Genres of drama, horror, thriller, gothic fiction.
Summery:
The story start with a lawyer Mr.Utterson. He used to go on a walk with his friend, named
Richard Enfield. At once Mr. Enfield shared the incident with Mr.
Utterson and told him that in previous days he saw man trampled a
small girl very crualy and trued to run away but he cought him and
call her prenpar too and asked for compensation. So that person
agreed and gave 90 dollars cheque but it was singed by Dr. Jekyll
and he went into back side door of Dr. Jekyll's lab. So a person who
is such a crual is known to Dr. Jekyll it is quote Strange. Dr. Jekyll
is very nice honarable and peaceful person of london. So how he
can have any connection with such a crual person.
That person is Me. Hyde. Me. Hyde is short and thin in look. His
face is crual and even no one can like that face. There is something
in him that was quite strage and surprising. His voice is harse and
behavior is also very rude. So there is question that how can this two
different personalities can be friends? Mr. UrtteUtt was lawyer and
friend and well wisher of Dr. Jekyll and so he decided to have conversation with him. Dr.Jekyll
assure him that Mr. Hyde may be rude and crule to other but was quite good and reliable friend
of him and he can trust him.

The other Stengel thing Mr. Utterson see that Dr. Jekyll prepared a will and gave all his property
to Me. Hyde. So he again went to talk with Dr. Jekyll but this time also Dr. Jekyll say that, don't
worry he will not harm me.
Mr. Utterson talked about this with Dr. Lanyon who is common friend of Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
Utterson. So lanyon told him, I haven't talked with Dr. Jekyll for more then ten years. He
used to talk unnatural. He seems mad. Here we found that actually as person we all have two
mind sat one is positive and another is negative. So Dr. Jekyll tries to part that dual mind set. He
tries to make a medicine who can bring person's evil mind out.
Now it is quite clear that Mr. Hyde is no one else but evil mindset of Dr. Jekyll. He fullfil his evil
wishes as Mr. Hyde. If Mr. Hyde do something wrong then even Dr. Jekyll and his image can be
saved in society. So after being Mr. Hyde he do all that work which he can not do as Dr. Jekyll.
We see that he was smart enough. That he brought house and also kept one maid on the name of
Mr. Hyde. So if anything wrong happen so police will think that Hyde has run away and they
will never doubted on Jekyll.
But later on we see that the evil personality Mr. Hyde slowly sated taking over the good
personality Dr. Jekyll. Now Mr. Hyde is out of control of Dr. Jekyll he can come and go without
medicine. He also become more crual then he was before. One night he killed old man who is
very respected prsope in London. Now police was in surch of Mr. Hyde. Apart from this we also
found that now it is become more diffocdif for Jekyll to survive.
When he was not able to do anything as a last option he locked him self into his lab and desiced
to kill him self. Because he feels that this is the last option to get rid out of Mr. Hyde. And he
wrote latter to Mr. Utterson and commited suside.
Main idea in novel :
The main idea of the novel is based on two doffediff personality of one person. The other idea
we found in the novel is about the person' s public behaviour vs private wishes.
Social reason :
In this Novel We can come across later of Dr. Jekyll after his seat. In which he talked about the
his childhood. He was a child fr upper class. His family secured good images in society so he can
not do anything which is against his family reputation. So as a child he when he was alone in his
room or in home he fulfufu his evil wishes. So here we fiend that his mental status was quite
supressed case of the society family and his own understanding of image.

Play Tughlaq :
About the author :
Tughlaq is a play written by Girish Karnad in 1964. He is
an Indian writer, film director and playwright who
prominently work in South Indian Cinema. Originally he
uasd to write in kannada language and afterwords translated
into English and other Indian language.
His first play Yayati was publish in 1961 when he was only
23 years old. It was a great success. He used to say, I could
actually hear the dialogue being into my ears... I was
just the scribe. His other work are,
 Hayvadan
 Wedding Album
 Three play
He won so many awrds,
 Jnanpith Awrd
 Padma Shri
 Padma Bhushan
About the play :
He wrote play Tughlaq in 1964. This play is originally written in
kannada language. This is his big success and his best loved play,
about the idealist 14th century sultan of Delhi, Muhammad bin
Tughlaq. This play can recognize as an allegory on the Nehruvian
era which starts with ambitious idealism and ended up in
disillusionment. He takes the reference of old historical character
Tughlaq and illustrated original political atmosphere of the India.
This play is discribe in thirteen scenes and if we compare this with
Aritotalian Tragedy then we can clearly describe that, this play
is not following rule of Time, place and action.
Summary :

Sulatan Tughlaq is main character of this entire play. We can say that the whole play and whole
story take place just because of sultan Tughlaq and this play is entitled ad Tughlaq.
Tughlaq is sultan of India when the curtain raises and that was a time of 14th century. The play
started with a crowed. In that crowd there is a young person who symbolic youth of that time
who actually like Tughalq. Another old Person who symbolic old aged people of Tughalq's
kingdom. The other one is Hindu who represent the Hindu cast.
When play starts they talking about a case. One Hindu Brahmin, named vishnu prasad, filed a
case against Tughlaq, that some officers secized his illegally and so he wants justice and in
return he gets 5oo silver dinars and job in government scetor. This is Tughalq's order that any
hindu Person can suit case against sultan and judge should be impartial, while judging a case
against sultan too. This can be Tughalq's political point of view that if Hindu can suite a case
against sultan then they feel trust on sulatan and may be sulatan can trust worthy for
Hindu. But this thing gone against him. As Hindu file case against him so muslim can not trust
him. Hindu also take this thik in wrong way that only We can file the case so there is some trap.
This is how his political ideas goes wrong and political situation becomes worst during that time.
Maun plot of the entire play is transferring the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. He point
out that
Delhi is too near the border and the most important factor is that Daulatabad is city of
hindu and as a capital it will symbolize the bond between Muslim and Hindu in my
kingdom.
But when Amirs of Delhi go threw nthis matter they think that this is another trap for Muslim
people. First they should move to Daulatabad as per Amirs should live in capital and another
reason is vary clear that it is city of hindu. So hindu can be in power structure of politics.
So if we think on political issue of this discion then we can say that this another plan of
Tughalq is also failed and his political situation becomes weaker and weaker.
He also announced that coper coin and it costs as silver coins. It also became disaster for
economical condition of his Kingdom.
Here we can also think about mind and mentality of Tughalq. He is blamed by Sheikh Imam-Ud-
Din as he is the killer of his own father and brother. He killed them for throne and also arrange a
meeting in kanpure. Because of this sheikh's and people of kanpure United and started rebel
against Tughalq. But afterwards sheikh came to Delhi for the same topic and this can becibe
biggest rebel against sultan.
Tughalq find a political solution of this point. Sheikh was arrange a meeting with people but
Tughalq himself arrange a grand meeting of sheikh with people and after that sends his army to
door to door of Delhi amd they stopped people for reaching for meeting. It is trap for sheikh

Imam-Ud-Din. He is failed to announce meeting and so he is order by sulatan Tughalq that, you
have to be my official envoys.
In any other condi sheikh will never say yes to that proposal but by that time he has to say yes to
his proposal cause he void to it. He went it was a trap of sultan. Sulatan was attacked by Aim-Ul-
Malik, governer of Avadh. So he sent Sheikh for envoys in Royal dress and Aim-Ul-Malik and
his army kills him in his illusion of sultan case. When Aim-Ul-Malik feel free that time sulatan
and his army comes in front and take the situation under control. This manner he solved his two
problem together.
As politics is one aspect of the play another aspect is Tragedy. This play is on sulatan's mind and
life so it is general that it is Tragedy of sulatan.
When people were tarnsffred from Delhi to Daulatabad so many children and old aged people
meat with death. Because of it people started hating sulatan and after facing so many problem in
Daulatabad sultan realises that Delhi is the only place where he and his entire kingdoK was safe.
We see that for throne he killed somany people. We found that after this much he atlast stays
alnoe and helpless.
Novel : Moby Dick :
About the author :
Herman Melville is recognize today as one of the Amrica's
greatets writer. He wrote more then ten major novle based
on real life. Like many Americans he was or mixed
nationalities partly English and partly Dutch.
His famous works are,
 Moby Dick
 Typee
 Isreal potter
 Mardi
Summary :

In “Moby Dick” a novel, Captain Ahab wants to kill the white whale, which he calls Moby
Dick. He had lost his one leg in encounter with Moby Dick. He wanted to take revenge with the
whale. In his revenge he has involved innocent people and all have died at the end. The narrator
of the story is Ishmael. He is the only survivor at the end. In this story, we can consider Moby
Dick as a holy white fish and also as nature. Ahab has first harmed the nature and nature has
given him a punishment by taking his one leg. The revenge of Ahab was with nature, which
leads him to death. As nature can produce us and also destroy us.
Moby-Dick as an allegory :
It becomes clear from the bugging that author wants us to his story as an allegory.
Allegory means a story which has hidden sprituspi meaning.
We see that almost everything in the book has symbolic value which represents something
abstract. The name of the major character are the taken from the Bible.
It can be read at one leavel as a tale of adventure. However the game of the book rests chiefly on
complacent spirituals and religion element that Melville wove in the story.
Poem : Daffodils :
The poem Daffodils was written by william
Wordsworth. He was one of the major poets of
his time. He honored as England's poets laureate.
He was a nature poet who helped to coin the team
Romanticism in English literature.
In this poem he talked about the flower Daffodils.
He saw thousand of flowers besides the lake. This
poem has four stanza and each stanza have six
lines.
In the first stanza speaker says that wandering like
a cloud and floating above hills and valleys at that
time he encounter a field of daffoldis besides a
lake. He say that when he wandered lonely he saw
the thousands of flower.
I wandered lonely as a cloud.
He saw the dancing, fluttering flowers stretched endlessly along the shore and though the waves
of lake and danced beside the flowers
Besides the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

He says that the crowed of flowers looking like twinkling stars in milky way. The daffoldis
outdid the water in Glee. The speaker says that a poet could not help but be happy in a such a
joyful company of flowers.
A poet could not be but gay
In a such a jocund company!
He says that he stared and stared but did not realize what wealth the scene would bring him.
Now whenever he feels vacant or pensive the memory flashed upon that inward eyes that is the
bliss of solitude and his heart fills with pleasure and dance with the daffoldis.
And then my heart with pleasure fills
And dance with the daffoldis.
Poem : The old woman :
The poem Old Woman was written by Joseph John
Campbell. He was an American my Mythologist, writer and
lecturer. He was known for his work in comparative mythology
and comparative religion.
In this poem poet say about the old woman. He say that her old
face express about all her life's journey. This poem have three
stanza and each stanza has four line.
The poem is a gem of simplicity. Poet has very finely praised the
beauty of an old woman. It is very easy to see beauty in young
woman but it need understanding and imagination to see the
beauty of the old age. Here the poet skillfully represents her
beauty by her comparing her with natural elements.
In the first stanza poet compares the lady with a white candle. He
says that white candle In a holy place gives a light. It gives the
guidance to the person who comes in there life.
As a white candle
In a holy place.
Her face is compared with white candle. Her face shine like the
light of candle. And that lady guides other her family members
and people who are younger then her by the wide experience of
her life.
In a second stanza poet talked about the life span of her. Her wide
experience is compared with the winter sun. Here the poet has
used the word spent radiance for her.

As a spent radiance
Of the Winter sun.
Poet compare her face with winter sun. That means the passing of the time. He talked about the
traveling of the sun and then he compared it with the passing of the lady's traveling. She gets
more and more experience as her life pass. All her experience teach her something her in life like
spent radiance.
In the third stanza poet compare her with a water. Her maturity, understanding and her
steadiness. The brooding goes out from her thoughts, her behavior and her speech. Her all
thought are study.
As the waters
Under a ruined mill.
Simile in the poem :
Simile is important part of the poem. We found that poet use simile in the poem.In a first stanza
he competition old woman with a white candle. He says that how the white candle give us peace
in life like that the lady give peace in her family's life.In a second stanza poet competition her
life's passing time is like spent radiance of sun. In third stanza poet compare her thought with the
water. Her thoughts are study like runined mill's water.
Poem : The Fly :
The poem The Fly was written by William black. He was
an English poet, painter and paint maker. He was largely
unrecognized during his life time. He is now considered a
seminal figure in the history of the both the poetry and
visual art of the Romantic age.
This poem has a five stanza and each stanza has four line.
The poet written this poem in very simple language.
Little fly
Thy Summer's play
In this poem poet has used the little as an adjective for
fly. The poet has confessed that he had brushed away the
fly thoughtlessly. It was the Season of summer.
Am not I
A fly like thee?

Or art not thou
A man like me.
Poet compares himself with fly. He is also a little create in the whole universe. Fly and poet
both are mortal. Poet wishes if he would be the fly.
For I dance
And drink and sing.
He could be care free and happy. He could enjoy the life until unseen and blind hand (of god)
takes away his life.
If thought is life
And strength and breathe.
He says that if he put his thoughts into his action then and only then it can give liveliness to his
life. If he only thinks and does not open then it is death.
He added that if he wouldn't work upon his wishes his life would be same as a fly's life.
The poem has been written with the philosophical insight using very simple language. The poet
had mastery in this type of poetry writing.
Hidden meaning of poem :
Poet has added philosophy in his poem. According to him the very existence of the humen
beings is very minor in the whole universe. The God can control his life easily. Anything in his
hand can take away our life.
Human being has given additional skill of thinking. He can think and can work upon whatever he
thinks. If he would not work for that what he wants; his life is as useless ad of Fly's. His
existence would be proven meaningless.
His life only limited to eat, drink, and be marry. The undertones of the poem gives very didactic
message i.e. life is meaningful. One should make it worthy by living for cause.
Poem : The Eagel :
The poem The Eagle is written by Lord Tennyson. He was a English poet often regarded as he
chief representative of the Victorian age in poetry. He was also a poet laureate during the time of
1850 to 1892.
This is a lyric poem. The Eagle is brief but vivid glimpse into the world of this powerful bird. As
with the best poet's work, this short poem display a strong musical sense.

Summery :
The poet says about the eagle in this poem. This is
one of the masterpiece by Lord Tennyson. It clasps
things very strongly. He says on the charge with the
strong clasps of crooked hands.
He clasps the crave with crooked hands.
He sats on a height so that it seems to the poet as if
he is nearer to the sun. The land is man less. He
takes rounding the sky.
Poet say that he sets on height on that height sea is
like wrinkled. When he says on a mountain walls he
saw all things with are on land. When he saw his
food he come their as fast as thunderbolt and pick his
food.
And like a thunderbolt he falls.
Figures of speechin the poem :
The poet has used figure of speech to enrich the
poem. There are two figure of speech can be mainly
found.
 Personification
 Simile.
Personifications :
Poet has personified the eagle and the sea in the poem. Poet has used he for eagle. And for sea he
used wrinkled which is adjective used for face. It is assured with the used of word crawls.
Simile :
The poet had used simile in the poem. He Compares the eagle's attack on food that is in sects
with the thunderbolt. He is as fast as thounderbolt.
Use of sentences :
The poet has also maintains the simplicity of the poem for that he has used simple sentence. For
Ex :
He clasps the crag.

He watches from his mountain walls.
Poem : I Love All Beauties things :
The poem I Love All Beauties things poem was written by Robert Bridges. He was a British
poet. He was a doctor by training, he achieved literary fame only late in life. His poems reflect a
deep Christian faith, and he is the author of many well-known hymns.
In this poem poet says that all things of nature he love. Beauty naturally inspires over love and
such beauty is not abstract. He love all things of nature.
Summery :
God hath no better praise
And man in his hasty days
Is honored for them.
There is no better way, praise the God by honoring the
beautiful things, he had made. One should pay attention to
beautiful things and should give some time for hasty life.
Inspiring from the creation of God poet wants to create
something beautiful and wonderful. The poem is fascinates
towards God made things. So he wants to enjoy the process
of making things of creating something new. He believes that
people may laugh at wish as time passes. But today he is firm
and dedicated to create something as Beauteous as God made
things.
To love all beauteous thing is perhaps a way of saying that he
makes the effort to admire all the arts : the fine, the plasticand
the book bound. It is clear that as well as inspiring love,
beauty inspires hatred.The poem is divided into two stanza.
Each stanza has five lines. The poet has used figure of
Speech. He use simile in the poem.
Simile :
Altho' tomorrow its seems
Like the empty words of dream.

In this line poet say about tomorrow. Poet thought tommorow is like empty words of dream. He
feel all world is empty.
Poem : Fame and Friendship :
The poem Fame and Friendship was written by H. A. Dobson. He was an English poet and
Essayist. His official career was uneventful but as a poet and biographer he was distinguished.
In the position poet camper two things of our life that is
Fame and Friendship. In whole poem talk about that two
things. In first stanza poet talk about Fame and in second
stanza poet talk about Friendship.
If he has not a friend, he may quit the stage.
This line was written by Bacon about friend. In the poem
poet discussed about Fame and Friendship. In the first
stanza poet depicts Fame in detail. According to him Fame
is food that a human being becomes famous only after his
death. He further desire thay he is not interested in this kind
of post hummus fame.
After death man is left alone in the silent tomb in a little
light and narrow room, with no companion. In Brief a dead
man can obtain fame but he becomes lonley.
In little light and narrow room
They eat in the silent tomb.
Poet says that Fame has no friend. Fame always alone.
They have no friends to celebrate anything. When he want
someone he found him always lonely.
To bid the fester be of cheer.
In second part of the poem the poet express his opinion about Friendship. He considers
friendship as a noble then Fame.
But friendship is a nobler thing.
According to the poet Friendship is better because ever after the death of human being, he will
always remain in memory of his friend.
For truly when a man shall end,
He lives in memory of his friends.
Poet says that compared to Fame friendship is immortal. According to the poet Friendship is
batter then fame. He was favor in friendship.

Poem : virtue :
The poem virtue was written by George Herbert. Virtue is one
of the poem in collection of verse called The Temple. This
collection was wrote during the last three years of his life. His
poem spreading the Christian message.
In the virtue he present a vision of an eternal world beyond the
one available to sense perception. In the poem poet say about
virtue. Every beautiful things must die or ruined once but virtue
never ends.
In the poem poet talk about virtue. Poet say that virtue is forever.
It never die. This poetry display a conjunction of intellect and
emotion. Carefully crafted structure like the first three quatrains,
or for line stanza of virtue, all of which is similarly formed.
The dew shall weep thy fall tonight.
In the second stanza poet talk about sweet rose, which is some
of hue angry and brave. Poet say that bids the rush gazer wipe in
the eyes.
Sweet rose, whose hue angry and brave.
Poet Saya that rose Rose has everything. But because of its root
it must have die.
In the third stanza poet says about sweet spring. Spring have
sweet day and rose both this thing. And spring box where
compared with sweets. But at least it must die.
In the forth stanza poet 5alk about virtue soul. Which remain
forever. According to poet say that if world turn to coal then
over virtue lives.
But though the whole world turn to coal
Then chiefly lives.
Poem : Ozymandias :
The poem Ozymandias was written by P.B. Shelly. His life
was short but intense. He was born in sussex, England in 1792.
He was educated at Eton and University college Oxford.

The speaker tall about his interaction with a Traveller. The Traveller has visited the land of sand
that is desert.
When the traveller has visited the land of sand that is desert he has found some antique pieces of
one sculpture. It seems that there were some old civilization sietuated. There had truckless leg
lied on the sand. The fragmented sculpture also had a head. The face had suck in the sand.
The face has wrinkled lips and frown. The expression were sneer and egoistic. These expression
was perfectly curved by the sculpture, as he had seen it. The expression were still on the stone
face. Those were survived. The people,the civilization were fedded out.
The pedestal had encraved with words.
"My name is Ozymandias king of kings
Look on my works, yet lightty and despair. "
This lines were suggesting that the king was turant. He had haded over people strictly. His anger
and list of power can be seen. He had also challange the Almighty God to dispair on dictatorship.
He might be very proud too.
But in the end as the time passes eveything would be vanished. Everything turn in to clossal
wreck, nothing remains forever. Even the sculpture made strong fregmented and broken. At last
there is only lonley and bare stand remains. Time is great and powerful. It melts everything into
the sand nothing remains forever.
Movie review : Article 15:
Today We watched the movie Article
15. Our Head of the department Dr. Dilip
Barad took all of us to watch the movie in
Cinema. Our tickets were sponsor by
Tanishq.
The title of movie it self has significance.
Because it is connected with Indian
constitution. The article 15 in Indian constitution talks about the equality.
The very first thing I see in the movie is a Power conflict. That can be see in different ways that
can be seen in the relationship between government employee and normal civilian as well as it
can be also seen in between upper cast and lower cast.

The other thing is about Hypocrisy. That leader who is from upper cast come in the family of
dalit and eats food with them. But letter on character from movie reveal that he bring food with
him. Here We see hypocrisy of leader and We also see that the things which come to us by media
is not full truth. Here we see the post truth in media.
One beautiful thing i found in the movie is use of dialog from the advertisement of surf exel "
Daag acche hai" . The use of the sentence in totally different and new way.
As movie is basically on equal rights and cast system in India so in movie we see so many
dialogue in that. The movie saw that how in one cast we also divide the sub cast. And this thing
help people to rule on us.
The movie like this show us the real picture of India.
Movie : The great dictator:
The great dictator is 1940s American political satire
and comedy drama. The movie was written,
directed and produced by Charlie Chaplin. Before this
he was only Making the silent films well into the
period of sounds films, this was his first true sound
films.
In 1997, movie was selected by the library of Congress
for preservation in United States National film
Registry for being cutlery, historically or aesthetically
significant.
This note about the co-incidence is it self making fun
of things. In the movie we see the look of Barber is
same as look of Hynkal and that create confusion in
last and that confusion gave us the famous speech.
In this movie we that the slogan of "Hay Hynkal " is as same slogan of the Hitler. It shows that
the note about the co-incidence is not like that.
The sculpture in the movie is also symbol. There was a sculpture of great thinker but that was
with the greeting of Hynkal that shows that the thinking process of thinker is also under
control. It shows that people of the time are that in control that they are not allowed to think on
there own way.There was also a seen in which Hynkal was playing with balloon. It shows his
inner desire or dreaming of being great dictator of the world.

There was also satire on meeting of great leader. That seen is remark that whatever they do is
only for publicity or just for the sake of camera. As well as it also shows that they do not care for
public but they care for their reputation in public.
There was also seen in which he hold baby in his hand but then he rub his hand with the
handkerchief that it shows that his concern is just a show off. The last speech is singificant for
Anti war. The word hope Barber for for the speech.
Movie : Modern Times
Modern Times is a 1936 American comedy film written and
directed by Charlie Chaplin in which his iconic Little
Tramp character struggles to survive in the modern,
industrialized world.
The movie is social satire on life of people in modern
Times. The movie is set in the years of great depression.
The clock in background shows that how life if people is
being so busy that they don't even found time for them.
In one seen we saw that there was a metaphor of sheeple
mentality. That seen suggest that how people of the time has
become. It shows that now people don't think and they just
work in manner the first person works.
The philosophical idea of victimization of innocent
people are shown in a comical way that how time and again
the tramp is taken away to jail by the cops and later he finds
comfort in the jail itself. He wants to stay a little more in jail
as he could easily satisfy his basic necessities as it was the
years of the Great Depression and to survive was very hard
for him. The situations of Imprisonment have a deep
connection with the struggling years of Independence in
India. Many freedom fighters were forcefully sent to the
prison.In this manner we see that the movie reflect the situation of the time of great depression.
Movie review : The scarlet letter:
The scarlet letter is a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorn. As We know that there is always a

movie on literary text. And watching movie on any text gave us better understanding of the text.
So we also whatch movie based on that text.
The movie we saw was a Version 1995. It was directed by Roland Joffé and stars Demi
Moore, Gary Oldman, and Robert Duvall. This version was "freely adapted" from Hawthorne
and deviated from the original story.
When we talk about movie and symbol in it we see very first that when she say that she will live
in her own house all people on table are shocked as if she has committed some sin. We see that it
something unnatural for them that a woman lives alone or she has her own house.
When we talk about woman we see that there are two things remarkable about them. First we
see that hair is symbol of beauty so all the woman in movie always cover their hair. Second thing
in movie is all the woman looks alike Nun. There is one thing we see that courage of Hester in
movie and in novel is same.
One thing I feel is that the Hester loves to live near nature which in turn hints at the conflict
between nature and culture. Culture always have restrictions where as nature has freedom. And
Hester do not want to live as the society wants her to live. She wants to live her own way and her
own rules.
According to me this movie shows that,
Intimacy is forbidden and passion is a sin, love is most defiant crime of all.
Movie Reviewof kya kehna in the contest of novel The scarlet letter ;
As we all have basic defination of Literature is that Literature is mirror of society. So We see
that in every culture there is something which is common. So, we see the Hindi movie "Kya
Kehna" in the context of The novel " The scarlet letter." Though this novel is written
in 1850's and the movie is release in year of 2000 We see that there is same concept. The major
difference between this both is ending.
Question asked by mam :
1. What are the name the protagonist in both the
works ?
The scarlet letter :
Hester pryne
Arthur Dimmesdale
Roger chilligworth.

Kya Kehna :
Priye
Rahul
Ajay
2. Write there story in brief.
The scarlet letter :
When the novel began we see that Hester is taken to give punishment. Because she has given
birth to baby whose father is unknown. Now as a part of punishment she has to ware the letter A
on her chest. We see that Arthur Dimmesdale was the father of the child. But this he accept at the
end of the novel before his death. Though out the novel we see that Hester by herself take care
The child. When her husband return he decided to take revange. He is the first who come to
Know that who is father of purle. But when Dimmesdale confess that he is father of the child of
Hester and died. Because of his death chilligworth's plan of taking revenge goes fail. After some
time he also died. In end when Hester has died she hurried near the grave of Dimmesdale.
Kya Kehna :
Priya came her home after completing her high school studies. And started doing college in her
own city. She Falls in love with the Rahul who is belongs from one of elite family of town. He
has not good image. So her brother said her to stay away from him as well as he warn Rahul
also. Still Priya is with Rahul and got pregnant but Rahul denied to merry her. Priya desied to
give birth to child. In all this though time her family and her friend Ajay support her. At last
when Rahul realise her mistake he proposed her but she desied to marry Ajay who is fried of her
and support her during her pregnancy.
3. What is the role palyed by society in Hester's life?
Hester is courage woman who take care her child all alone. When we look the role of so We see
that society never support her and always create problem for her. It never allow Hester to live life
her own way. Firstly they don't want Hester to live alone and when she gave birth to purle they
gave A her to ware so that shows that she has done mistake. Even after her death society won't
allow her to free from the letter A they write that on her grave.
4. What is the role played by society in Priya's life ?
We see that when Priya get pragent at that time firstly she force to live her home. When finally
her family accept her then even society stared blaming her. When she went to college at that time
they cut all relation with her. Even her friend are also cut there relation. In annual faction they
perform play on her and try to humiliat her.
5. Compare and contrast the male characters, Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale,
Rahul, and Ajay.

Roger chilligworth : He is husband of Hester. When he come to know about the purle. He
blame Hester and desire to take revenge. He live with Dimmesdale and find out that he is father
of purle.
Arthur Dimmesdale : He is lover of Hester and father of purle. He never accepted publicly that
he is father of Hester's child. But in private he by himself gave panisment.
Rahul : He is Lover of Priya. The difference between Dimmesdale and Rahul is there confession.
When we look on the part of Dimmesdale we see that in scafforld scene when they all are
blaming Hester that time he confess that he is the father of purle. But when we look at Rahul' s
part in whole movie he never confess by him self publically. He confess once in front of her
mother but in private.
Ajay : Ajay is friend of priya and in end of movie she desied to marry him. When we look his
character we see that he is always with Priya in every condition. He is quite ideal character
which is difficult to found in real life.
6. Compare and contrast ‘The scaffold scene in The Scarlet
Letter’ and ‘a year-end performance in Kya Kehna in which
a group of students performs a play on Priya and her
pregnancy’.
As I have mentioned in last answer that this is the scene where
Dimmesdale confessed that he is the father of the Heater child.
When we look at the part of the Priya we see that when the play
was performed after that when she gave speech at that time
Rahul is not come infant to support her.
7. What are the reasons that Arthur Dimmesdale and Rahul
do not come forward to accept their fatherhood? How do you
they differ and what are the similarities?
Dimmesdale : we see that Dimmesdale do not confess his fatherhood because he is priests and by
having relationship with Hester he has brake the rule. And according to society he is punishable.
And also his reputation is ruined. So he doesn't accept his sin.
Rahul : when I look thinks on Rahul's side firstly I feel that he doesn't love his child because he
gave advise to abort the child. Second thing I feel that whatever he did it may be to take revenge
with Priya's brother. Because during one argument he said that,
It is better for you not to do anything else because your sister has paid for your earlier
mistake.
This is the dialogue which gave feel to me that whatever he did he had done to take revange.

8. What is the role played by Chillingworth in Hester’s life? Why do you think he wanted
to take revenge on Hesterand Dimmesdale?
He wants to take revange because he thinks that Hester is not faithful to him. And as a wife she
must wait for him and she has cross the boundaries of his love.
9. What is the role played by Rahul's mother in Priya’s life? Why do you think she wants to
take revenge on Priya?
The very first thing I feel about Rahul's mother is that she is very class conscious. She like to
show her Power in society. Because she say that how can we allowed her to live this way in city.
After her instructions the play on that Priya's pragnacy was performed. The other reason is can
be because of Priya there was a flight between him and Priya's brother.
10. Write a note on class difference in Kya Kehna.
In movie there are something where We see class consciousness. Rahul' s mother show that
thing. She always try to prove her power. We see that when Priya's father asked Rahul that when
will you marry Priya that time he say that my parents won't allow this merriage because they
want me to marry with the girls firm same of our class.
11. Why do you think the director has lifted the character of Ajay to the ideal state? Is it
possible in real life? What are the reasons of your YES or NO?
As I have mentioned that it is not possible to in real life to find character like Ajay. Because he is
too ideal for anyone. He never judge Priya. Though he know that he love Rahul he accepted her.
It is quite impossible for anyone to support the person who love someone else. According to me
director lifted his character to ideal state to gave happy ending to movie. If Ajay was not ideal
then Priya will never have such respect for her and she will never ready to merry him. Because in
the end she say that I want to marry the person whom I can give respect. So I think this can be
The reason.
12. How do you see Hesterand Priya as individuals?
Both the girls are of free will and they always live life the way they want. They always take
desision by them self. They stands for indipandent woman character.
13. Write a critical note on the end of the movie and the novel. Why do you think the
novelist has not given happy ending?
If we talk about the end of novel we see that it has sad end but quite realistic end. The think I
don't setified is that on the grave they write 'A' is not good. It shows they that even death won't
allow you to free from your sin.

When we talk about the end of movie we see that director and try to give poetic Justice by giving
Happy ending. But this end leaves below question in my mind.
1. Why Priya can not say to merry? Why it Everytime that woman needs support of man?
2. Why she get ready to marry with Ajay? How can one get ready to merry just for the sake that
she respect him?
3. Is really love is not metter marriage?
Other things I have noticed in movie Kya Kehna :
1. The very first I notice is about the character of Ajay that whenever he comes with the
flowers. Flowers are Singh of happiness. It shows that he will bring happiness in Priya's life.
2. The second is about the character of Ajay's mother. The way character of Ajay is too ideal
same way his mother character is also ideal. She is contrast character of Rahul's mother.
3. Third thing is about the charachar of the father if Priya's sister in low. As per our Indian
context marriage is not just between two persons but between two families. But her father won't
support Priya's family. But goes in favor of Rahul's mother because she is in power.
Sairandhri by Vinod Joshi :
Vinod Joshi is postmodern Gujarati poet, writer and critic. He
wrote geet, sonnet and long narrative poems. His latest work
is sairandhri. If one wants to read this one first must know about
who actually she was. This name sairandhri has mythical context
with Indian myth Mahabharata.
Sairandhri is a name of Draupadi during her 'agnatvas'. Very few
people know her by this name because she was more famous as
Draupadi, panchali, Yagnsani, Krushna.
According to Mahabharata after Drut and chirharan prasang
pandav got the punishment of 12 years of vanvas and 1 year of
agnatvas. During this year they lives in king Virat's place. Here
Draupadi took the name of Sairandhri and leaves as dasi.
In this book Vinod Joshi took the name of Draupadi' s agnatvas
and wrote about her. The person who born to become Samrangi (

queen) of Hastinapur but become dasi of other queen. Person who lost her identity. Woman who
divided between brothers.
Poet not only talks about the her lost identity but also connect with us. He say that the way she
lost identity the same way we also lost identity. He say that now a days we also manage our
self in front of other. And by pretending this slowly we started running from our selves. And by
running this way we lost our self.
When we talks about the Draupadi she lost her self. When she was in Mehal of King Virat she
must bound her self in the character of dasi. In form of dasi she repressed her self. She was in
kind of dilemma that she can't revel her self or even she can't share with anyone.
Apart from this poet also say that when she was Draupadi all time Krishna, Bhim, Argun or
someone else came and help her. But when she was Sairandhri she must help herself. Poet say
that she was only as woman in poem. When we say that she was only as woman that means her
boundary as wife, as queen, as daughter, as friends, as daughter- in - low are not here. She can
feel whatever she wants to feel.
This can be the one reason that as sairandhri she can love Karna what she can not do as
Draupadi. This thing is different than Mahabharata and part of poetic imagination.
In this we can see that see loves Karna in her heart and also imagine him in her dreams. We see
that Karna is also symbol of lost identity. He was the eldest son if Kunta which he don't know
and when he comes to know it was too late. Arujan is second choice of Drupadi.
The character of Sairandhri is more relatable to the woman of anytime then the queen Drupadi.
Because as woman we don't have much choice in Patrick social structure. The way she lost her
identity there are so many woman who lost there identity to play the role of daughter, wife,
mother, daughter-in- low. So her character is more relatable.
Girish Karnad :
Girish Karnad was an Indian actor, film director,
Kannada writer, playwright and a Rhodes
Scholar, who predominantly worked in South
Indian cinema and Bollywood. He was died this
year.
When we talk about Girish Karnad We found
that he has lived very controversial life. His
statement sometimes become so controversial.

When we see this, the statement of Harold Pinter in his Nobel speech (2005) looks very
appreciate.
"There are no hard distinction between what is real and what is unreal nor between what is
true and what is false. A thing is not necessarily either true or false; it can be both."
As writer we found one thing is true but as citizen the same thing must be wrong. It is our duty to
found the truth.
Here in this blog I try to look up to some write-ups written as obituary on the demise of Girish
karnad when he passed away on 10th June 2019.
When we talk about Girish karnad We see that he was famous for his literary contribution but in
part of his political career he was more critic.
Famous writer Shri Sandeep Balakrishnan in his article which is published in Dharmadispach in
this he describe Karnad as
" Outstanding political pamphleteer, artful dodger, fine actor,a mediocre director and a
terrible play wright."
He also mentions that karnad drew a parallel between Tughlaq and Jawaharlal Nehru by
characterizing both misunderstood Geniuses who were denied their rightful place in history by
fascist force of orthodox and regressive Brahmanism. He also mentioned Tipuvina Kanasugalu (
The dream of Tipusultan) was also used peddle the anti-Hindu propaganda.
Apart from this there are also some controversy around him which we see in the Saurabh Saah's
FB post. In his post he talk about the controversy like; he helped Arundhati Roy in the case of
Afzal Guru. Ha also in favor of the changing the name of Banglore Airport he wanted that the
name of airport must on Tipusultan. He was also in favor of kaniya Kumar. And he was also in
favor of beef.
But when we are leaving in India which is secular country, in which has right to speak, think
whatever one wants to. In this kind of country to judge someone by what he speak or whom he
supports will be the wrong judgment.
This are some views which are against Karnad. Further I will talk about some views which are
in favour.
Karnad was doggedly defended to very end and play reflect this unbendingly liberal world view
that arguably need never to compensate for his privilege gaze, because it was both conscientious
and well informed.
The second thing we found that he draws structurally from folk from like Yanshangana. But the
play is an ironic presentation of Meta theater that leads itself to complex interpretation.

We also see that he was not only accomplished actor and celebrated playwright but also strong
public voice. Who decried Fundamentalism mad defended the freedom of expression.
Movie screening Waiting for Godot :
This blog is part of my thinking activity. In this blog we
have to answer the question which is asked by our sir about
the movie screening of waiting for Godot. Here i this blog I
try to answer the question according to my understanding.
First question is about to find a connection between the
painting and the setting of the play Waiting for Godot. The
painting which shown to us is by Caspar David Friedrich.
This painting is may be inspiration for the
Play's setting. We found similar things in both. The
painting is talking about the Romantic longing. And
also talk about the nature has divine power. It say
that whatever you want that you think you found in
the nature. But Beckett has talk about the
nothingness of life. The setting has similarity but
then the ideas are different.
The second question is about the importance of tree.
If we talk about the tree it stands for two reason.
First it is device which help Vladimir and Estragon
to specify place. Through to their talk we come to
know that this is Willow tree.
Second importance of tree comes from here that
Willow tree is great religious significance in
Judeo-Christin tradition. It represents the promise
of new life as well as chastity also it is a symbol
of harmony, strength of rootness stability. The
change in the act 2 also become question in the
mind of Estragon. It appear to be projecting his

own Fractured sence of self onto the tree, here it stands for contrast, lake of self hood that he
cannot find a place for him self.
Third question is about to interpret the fall of night and rise of moon.
The night is about the Darkness and
Darkness used as symbol of death. So we
can say that this this darkness may be
symbolic the death. And we can actually
say that actually they are withing for
death. Moon can be symbolic as judgment
day and the fact that death is unavoidable.
The moon is for weariness and is tired of
watching their never changing lives.
There are critic who see the moon as a
signal that they can finally stop waiting
for Godot.
The next question is about the debris. If
we want to read any meaning in debris so
we can connect it with the world war 2.
May be Director wants to show the
human material life with this debris. It
may shows that everything around us is
one day ruined. Nothing is permanent.
The next question is about the nothingness. We see that this nothingness is also theme of the
play. There is also a sentence that Nothing to be done. This thing is talk about the existential
question of life. We also see that in the play that Vladimir and Estragon are waiting for Godot
but they actually don't know him. Even Estragon asked questions like, are you sure that we have
to wait here? Even they are not Sure about the name of Godot. So this way it reflects nothingness
of life.
E. G. Marshal who played Vladimir in original Broadway production in 1950s, give the
statement that "The play We agreed was a positive play, not negative not pessimistic. As I show
it with my blood.and skin and eyes, the philosophy is : no matter what atom bomb, hydrogen
bomb, any thing life goes on . You can kill your self but you can't kill life. "
According to me this statement is true. Whatever we do we can stop time. By Stooping time
only we can kill life but this is not possible. So this philosophy become true. This play is also
shows us that though we all know that we are going to die one day but still we can't stop living
life. By knowing this Truth we still work.

In the play Beckett used props like Hat and Boot. This props has their own significance. Hat is
symbolize Intellectual mental ability. On the other hand boots symbolize the physical
appearance.
Apart from this playing with the Hat also represent the Hindu karmic philosophy. That whatever
do or you give to other will return to you. Boots also has other significance that in the 1st act
Estragon say this these are not my boots and it is also not feat in his feet. But in 2nd act he say
that this are his and that Boot also now not giving him problem. This shows that 1st we don't like
something which come to us but at last we accept the think which life gave us and we also stop
complaining.
We can not say that behavior of lucky
was irritating because it shows that
people are not physically slave but
mentally also slave. That may be one
reason that though Pozzo become blind
in second act he was not able to free
himself.
The next question is what is Godot
according to you? So according to me
Godot can be desires of person. Which
has no end. Once you got you have
another. This has no end. The same way
Godot will never come.
The next question is about what would be
better for this kind of play reading or
viewing. To ans this question in general sence is difficult. Because people have different
capacity. Some can go as fast as the viewing redeem. But some required reading because they
want to think lot on some point. And everything has there own benefit. While viewing you can
understand that salience and while reading you can read slowly as well as reading can possibly
you can also refer other references.
Next question is about the conversation and If I talk about my self that u like the conversation is
of Vladimir and Boy in both the act. The reason is that the change in talk of conversation in 2nd
act. In first Vladimir say that tell him we are waiting but in second act we see that he say that tell
Godot that you saw me and I am waiting. The other thing I like in the second act that after
asking the question about Godot. That does has a beard? Is he fair or black. After knowing
answer of the question he say that Christ have have mercy on us! This reply shows that he was
waiting for Christ.
If we talk about the effect of Existentialism so we can see that there are many episodes which
talks about this effect. The same thing we found in Vladimir and Estrogen's effort to killing a

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