4. 1. Are you fond of reading short stories?
2. Why are they called a short stories?
5. 1. Are you fond of reading short stories?
2. Why are they called a short stories?
3.How many short stories have you read?
6. 1. Are you fond of reading short stories?
2. Why are they called a short stories?
3.How many short stories have you read?
4. Give some Filipino short story writers you admire
most.
7. SHORT STORIES
• A short stories is a short work of fiction. Fiction is a prose
writing about imaged events and characters. Prose writing
differs from poetry in that it does not rely on verses,
meters, or rhymes for its organization and presentation. A
short story is shorter than a novel and usually deals with
only few characters. It is usually concerned with a single
effect conveyed in only one or few significant episodes or
scenes.
8. IN READING SHORT STORIES, IT IS NECESSARY THAT
YOU IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS:
SETTING
The time and location in which a story takes
place is called the setting:
Place – geographical or physical location
Time – time when the story is taking place
Weather Conditions – Is it rainy, sunny,
stormy, etc?
Social Conditions – the daily life of the
characters contain local color
Mood or Atmosphere – feeling created at the
beginning of the story.
9. PLOT
The plot is how the author arranges events to
develop his basic idea.
It is the sequence of events in a story or play.
• Five essential parts of plot:
a) Introduction – The beginning of the story
where the characters and the setting are
revealed.
b) Rising Action – This is where the events in
the story become complicated and the
conflict in the story is revealed.
c) Climax – This is the highest point of interest
and the turning point of the story.
d) Falling action – The events and complications
begin to be resolved.
e) Denouement – This is the final outcome or
unravelling of events in the story.
10. CONFLICT
CHARACTERS
It is the struggle that characters have to
contend with.
It is opposition of forces which ties one
incident to another and makes the plot move.
It is any form of opposition that faces the
main character.
Types of conflicts include:
Man vs. Man (physical);
Man vs. Circumstances (classical);
Man vs. Society (social);
Man vs. Himself/Herself (physhological)
The persons in the story and their
characteristics, e.g., their physical
appearance; what they say, think, feel, and
dream; what they do or do not do; what
others say about them and how others react
to them.
11. POINT OF VIEW
Point of view is defined as the angle from
which the story is told.
When we talk of the point of view of a story,
we are simply saying “How is the story told?”
There are several ways of doing this:
o Third Person Point-of-View: The author
tells the story.
o First Person Point-of-View: One of the
characters narrate the story.
o Second Person Point-of-View: The reader is
involved in the action, i.e., the reader is one of
the characters,
12. THEME
The theme in a piece of fiction is its
controlling idea or its central insight. It is the
author’s underlying meaning or main idea
that he is trying to convey.
Examples:
• Anything too much is bad;
• Love conquers all
• Money is the root of all evil.
15. LYNCH PECULIAR CACKLED PANTING
INFATUATED FORMIDABLE FEROCIOUS BIDDY
LUNGING BRASS TETHERED ACQUISCED
GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS
16.
17. READING GRAPHS , CHARTS
AND TABLES
( LESSON 33 )
Presented by: Padua, Dianne Kristine C.
BEED3A
DEVELOPMENTAL READING / PROF. JAYSON BATU
18. INTERPRETING GRAPHS, TABLES
AND CHARTS
• Tables, charts and graphs are visual representations. They are used to organize
information to show patterns and relationships. Researchers and scientists often use
tables and graphs to report findings from their research. In newspapers, magazines
articles, and on television, they are often used to support a claim, an argument, or a
point of view.
• Tables and graphs are practical tools for helping people make decisions. However,
they only present a fraction of a story. Readers are responsible for interpreting the
data shown. In other words, they must be able to say what the numbers or data
mean. This can help the reader decide what other information they require, or
whatever the argument should be discarded because the supporting evidence is
doubtful.
19. GRAPHS, TABLES, AND CHARTS
• A graph is a visual, concise means of presenting
information while table presents facts and figures in
compact form. There are three basic kinds of graphs:
circle or pie graph
bar graph
line graph
20. CIRCLE / PIE GRAPH
In studying circle graph, you
should determine:
• What the entire circle
represents;
• What the various parts of the
circle represent;
• How the percentages
compares.
58%
23%
10%
9%
SPENDING HABITS OF COLLEGE
STUDENTS
FOOD BOOKS/PAPERWORKS LEISURE CLOTHES
21. 1
2
3
4
5
6
COLLEGE STUDENTS EXPENSES PER
SEMESTER
0
1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter
FOOD LEISURE BOOKS/PAPERWOKS
BAR GRAPH
When studying bar graphs, you
should ask:
• What the subject of the graphs is;
• How the various parts relate to
the subject
• What the relative percentages
that each bar represents are.
22. 2
1
3
4
5
6
COLLEGE STUDENTS EXPENSES PER
SEMESTER
0
1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter
Column1 Column2 Column3
LINE GRAPH
Line graphs are made up of three
important parts – the vertical axis, the
horizontal axis, and the diagonal line,
which shows the relationship between
the the figures on the vertical axis and
those on the horizontal. In studying line
graphs, you should:
• Determine the topic of the graph
• Look at the axes and diagonal line to
understand the relationship that is
being illustrated.
23. TABLES
QUARTER FOOD
BOOKS &
PAPERWORK LEISURE CLOTHES
1ST 5O% 18% 18% 14%
2ND 50% 20% 20% 10%
3RD 50% 25% 20% 5%
4TH 50% 35% 10% 5%
Have several features in common. First, all
tables as well as graphs should have a title
to let the reader know the subject of the
table or graph. Most tables consist of a
series of rows and columns. These rows and
columns intersect to form CELLS., the basic
unit of the table in which a piece of data is
placed.
A ROW is a series of cells horizontally
across the table. A COLUMN is a series of
cells going vertically or up and down the
table. One can tell where a particular piece
of data is by describing the rows and
column cell that contains the data is
located. A whole table with the crossed
lines to form the rows and columns is
sometimes reffered to as a GRID.
When reading tables, you should:
• Determine the subject
• Establish what each category and
subcategory represents.
24. LET’S TRY IT!
PHILIPPINES 470
UNITED STATES 286
CANADA 259
VENEZUELA 257
MALAYSIA 223
KOREA 216
TURKEY 212
FRANCE 196
IRELAND 191
UK 155
PROBLEM:
The following table shows the list of 10
countries with the highest average of
SMS per individual during the year of
2011. TRANSLATE IT IN A GRAPH.
