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Human health and diseases
- 1. HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES 😀
- 2. HEALTH
- 3. HEALTH (ANCIENT DEFINITION): Balanced state of all four body fluids: ● Phlegm ● Yellow bile ● Black bile ● Blood Disease is caused due to unbalancing of fluid levels.
- 4. HEALTH (WHO DEFINITION): State of complete ● Physical ● Mental ● Social well- being
- 5. FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH: ● Lifestyle ● Infections ● Genetic disorders
- 6. Maintaining good health: ● Balanced diet ● Personal hygiene ● Regular exercise ● Yoga ● Awareness about disease ● Proper waste disposal ● Hygienic food ● Water maintenance
- 7. DISEASES
- 14. IMMUNITY
- 17. INNATE IMMUNITY
- 24. IMMUNE RESPONSE
- 29. ALLERGIES
- 30. ALLERGIES: ● Exaggerated immune response ● Allergens cause allergy ○ Pollen grain ○ Dust ● More IgE indicates allergy ● Treatment → intake of anti- allergens ○ Anti-histamin ○ Adrenalin ○ steroids
- 31. AUTOIMMUNITY
- 33. AUTOIMMUNITY: ● Disability of one’s immune system to differentiate between self and non-self antigens. ● Destruction of own tissues ● Causes → generally genetic disorders ● Eg: Rheumatoid arthritis ○ Degradation of synovial fluid ○ Immovable joints
- 34. AIDS
- 35. Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome: ● Formed by infection of Human Immuno Virus (HIV) ○ RNA virus ○ High mutation ○ Not easily treatable ○ No cure at later stages ○ Affect Helper T-cells
- 36. AIDS: ● AIDS ○ Take many months to years to show symptoms ○ HIV dormant at integrated DNA stage in host DNA ○ Total immune system damaged
- 39. CAUSES OF AIDS
- 41. AIDS SYMPTOMS
- 45. CANCER
- 46. CANCER: ● Genetic disorder ● Caused by mutation ● Some cancers inheritable to the next generation
- 47. CAUSES OF CANCER
- 56. EARLY DETECTION BY SELF EVALUATION BIOPSY AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY RADIOGRAPHY (X-ray, CT Scan, MRI) MOLECULAR AND GENETIC TESTING (ELISA, PCR)
- 57. ELISA
- 61. CANCER TREAtment
- 63. DRUG ABUSE
- 73. QUESTION 1: State the significance of mother’s milk to a newborn infant. Mother’s milk is considered essential because of the presence of the colostrum which is a yellowish fluid secreted by the mother in the initial days of lactation. It has antibodies(IgA) in abundance which is crucial in protecting the infant from picking up infections.
- 74. QUESTION 2: What is interferon? How do they monitor the infection of new cells? Virus-infected and tumour cells secrete glycoproteins which protect the non-infected cells from pathogen’s attack, they are known as interferons. Interferons activate macrophages which are natural killer cells, prevent viral replication. They increase antigen presentation to lymphocytes which constantly multiply to eliminate foreign bodies.
- 75. QUESTION 3: Immunosuppressants such as _________ prevent transplanted organs from being rejected in recipients. 1.Thrombin 2.Cyclosporin 3.Aspirin 4.None of the above
- 76. QUESTION 3: Immunosuppressants such as _________ prevent transplanted organs from being rejected in recipients. 1.Thrombin 2.Cyclosporin 3.Aspirin 4.None of the above
- 77. QUESTION 4: The _________ is at its largest in children, but with the onset of puberty, it eventually shrinks and gets replaced by fat. 1.Thymus 2.Hypothalamus 3.Parathyroid gland 4.None of the above
- 78. QUESTION 4: The _________ is at its largest in children, but with the onset of puberty, it eventually shrinks and gets replaced by fat. 1.Thymus 2.Hypothalamus 3.Parathyroid gland 4.None of the above
- 79. QUESTION 5: Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes AIDS by attacking a type of white blood cell called_______. 1.CD4 2.CD3 3.CD8 4.None of the above
- 80. QUESTION 5: Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes AIDS by attacking a type of white blood cell called_______. 1.CD4 2.CD3 3.CD8 4.None of the above
- 81. THANK YOU