2. Based mostly on the translation of passages
from the native language into the target
language.
Little or no attention paid to oral expression
nor communication skills.
Mainly focused in grammar explanations.
Little or no oral use of the target language;
the whole class is directed in the native
language.
Proposed by
Prof. Karl Plotz
(1819-1881)
3.
4. Meaning should be connected directly with
the target language.
No translation in to the native language.
A lot of teacher-students dialogues, later
systematic teaching of grammar and
vocabulary.
The reading skill will be developed through
practice with speaking. Language is primarily
speech.
Usually associated to
François Gouin and
Charles Berlitz
5.
6. Based on Skinner’s Behaviorism theory.
It assumed that a human being can be trained
using a system of reinforcement: Correct
behavior receives positive feedback, while
errors receive negative feedback.
Prioritizes listening and speaking skills over
reading and writing.
Inductive learning of grammar rules based on
dialogues
Had its origins during
World War II which is
why it is also known as
‘The Army Method’
7. Teacher-centred.
Use of tapes, visual aids and ultimately
language labs.
Reading and written work based on earlier
oral work, sometimes given as homework.
Focus is on pronunciation.
Nowadays, it is normally used as a part of
individual lessons rather than as the
foundation of the course.
8.
9. All methods that have been created since the
1970’s are called designer methods.
They were first referred to as ‘Designer
Methods’ by David Nunan.
Fundaments generally psychological and/or
linguistic.
Some of these designer methods will be
mentioned and explained in the following
slides.
10. Teachers should be as silent as possible
during a class but learners should be
encouraged to speak as much as possible.
The learner needs to discover or create.
Learning is made easier by the use of physical
objects.
Learning is made easier by problem-solving
using the target language.
Created by
Caleb Gattegno
in 1963
11.
12. It is based on the coordination of language
and physical movement.
It is a means of quickly recognizing meaning
in the language being learned.
Passively learning the structure of the
language itself.
Grammar is not taught explicitly but can be
learned from the language input.
It is popular with beginners and with young
learners
Developed by Dr.
James J Asher
13.
14. Lessons take place against a background of
soothing music in an emotionally comforting
environment.
Teacher-centred method.
Positive suggestion and negative "de-
suggestion" by teacher.
classroom activities based on dialogues,
including Q&A, games and song
Created by
Georgi Lozanov
15.
16. Extremely learner-focused.
Focus on fluency in the early stages.
It's important that the learners understand
their and your new roles in the language
learning process.
Recorded dialogue transcribed by teacher on
board.
Analysis of dialogue by learners.
The teacher plays the part of "counselor",
while the learners are encouraged to work
together
Developed by
Charles Curran
17.
18. The teacher doesn't pre-determine what
language will be studied.
The lesson is based around the completion of
a central task and the language studied is
determined by what happens as the students
complete it.
The students complete a task in pairs or
groups using the language resources that
they have.
19. A natural context is developed from the
students' experiences with the language that
is personalized and relevant to them.
The language explored arises from the
students' needs.
It is enjoyable and motivating.
Popularized by
Teresa P. Pica
20.
21. The teacher decides what methodology or
approach to use depending on the aims of
the lesson and the learners in the group.
A typical lesson might combine elements
from various sources.
It is not based on a single method.
It is a mixture of approaches and
methodologies.
22.
23. Follows the child’s interests.
Moves at the child’s pace.
Effective at helping children gain literacy
skills and help children grow academically
overall.
Labels on everyday objects such as “window”,
“chair”, “bookshelf”.
Based on Maria
Montessori’s
way of teaching
24.
25. Based on 'play and activity' and 'the nurturing
of creativity' to help children develop and
grow.
Based on the philosophy that humans are
essentially creative beings.
Young children learn best in settings that
provide a stimulating and prepared
environment.
Based on Friedrich
Froebel’s teaching
method
26.
27. Strongly influenced by the communicative
approach.
Similar to the Direct Method.
Follows a cognitive model.
Teacher-centred
Authentic or close to authentic materials are
employed throughout the class.
Coursebook-centred.
Created by
Lewis Th.
Girau
28. The arrangement of words in such a way as to
form a suitable pattern of sentence.
The selection of content words is directed by
their usefulness.
The goal is that students understand the
pattern and structure of the language.
Importance of speech.
Student-centred
Importance of the formulation of language
habit in arranging words in proper pattern.