Introduction to Globalization of English Lagnuage

1. GLOBALIZATION AND
SPREAD OF ENGLISH
MUHAMMAD JAMIL
M.A ENGLISH (NUML)
M.S ELL (BUITEMS)

2. Module, mission and method! What, why
and how?
Contents:
– Globalization (Today)
– The spread of English around the world
– A Historical Overview: English Travels to the Subcontinent
– Multilingualism in the Subcontinent
– Definition of the Concept of Multilingualism -- and How Does
Multilingualism Develop?
– The Role of English in Multilingual Setting -- English as the Language of
Administration and Press
• Language Planning: English in Education
• English Literature
• Nativization of Indian English
• Is Diversification Decay?
• The Question of Standard English
– Measuring Language Attitudes
– Speech Repertoires in Multilingual Settings
– Role of and Attitudes towards the Use of English in the Subcontinent
– The Model for English in the Subcontinent

3. Mission & Method
At the end of the course, you should be able to
a) describe the spread and the diverse functions and status
of English in the world with particular reference to the
Subcontinent.
b) know the debate(s) going on on the legitimacy of New
Englishes in the world.
• Modus operandi?
– Visuals? Stills/videos or Powerpoint?
– Lecture method/discussions
– Assessment
– Assignments/classroom participation, contribution/
memory tests

4. Globalization
• What is globalization?
• How does this relate to history
• Flows of globalization
• Effects of globalization
• Emergence of global institutions
• Globalization as positive force
• Globalization as negative force
• Resistance to globalization
• Globalization and language

5. What is globalization?
• Globalization is defined as a separation
of space and time, emphasizing that with
instantaneous communications,
knowledge, and culture could be shared
around the world simultaneously.

6. “Globalization in its current phase has
been described as an unprecedented
compression of time and space
reflected in the tremendous
intensification of social, political,
economic, and cultural interconnections
and interdependencies on a global
scale.”
Stegler, p. ix
• time-space compression
• deterritorialization

7. In economic terms…
⬥The shift toward a more
integrated and interdependent
world economy:
Two components:
⬥The globalization of markets
⬥The globalization of production

8. In historical terms:
Globalization-Something
New?
• It’s been a long time coming, but
now it is happening furiously fast
• Aryans, Greeks, Arabs, Turks

9. In simple terms:
• If you know about:
– Coca-Cola
– Pizza Hut
– KFC
– Starbucks
– McDonald’s: then you belong to globalized
middle class living in the age of
McDonalization or vice versa
• Globalization is movement; it is flow of
things, people, ideas, etc

10. Flows of Globalization
Sub: Trade Migration Telecommunication
Nature Flows of physical
goods
Flows of people Flows of information
Types Raw materials,
energy, food, parts
and commercial
goods
Permanent,
temporary
(migrant
workers), tourism,
business
Communication, power
exchanges, symbolic
exchanges
Medium Transport modes
and terminals
(freight)
Transport modes
and terminals
(passengers)
Transport modes and
terminals (postal),
telecommunication
systems
Network Hub and
interconnections
Hub Redundant and diffuse
(point to point)
Main gateways Ports Airports Global cities
Speed Low to average Slow to fast Instantaneous
Capacity Very large Large Almost unlimited

11. Globalization and its effects
Acculturation: two cultures make
accommodations or adapt to each others’ way
of life, sometime within one person
Integration:
Mixing minority groups into main society
Assimilation:
Absorbing minority groups into the main society
Marginalization:
Forcing those who are different outside of the
group
Homogenization:
Making everyone the same

12. How do we reach these effects?
Drivers of Globalization
• Two factors underlie globalization
–Decline in barriers to the free flow of
goods, services, and capital that has
occurred since the end of World War II
–Technological change
• “Itwar” Bazaar of information

13. Another cause?
Western Route of Historicism
• Stone age => agricultural society =>
Urban/industrialized => Space age =>
Cyber space
• Rise of agriculture 10,000 years ago led
to rise of empires and nation-states
• Science and ‘enlightenment’ after 1680
produced global trade and empires
• Free trade and tech after 1980
produced globalization

14. One more cause:
The Emergence
of Global Institutions
Notable global institutions include
⬥the World Trade Organization (WTO) which is
responsible for policing the world trading system
and ensuring that nations adhere to the rules
established in WTO treaties
⬥In 2008, 151 nations accounting for 97% of world
trade were members of the WTO
⬥the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which
maintains order in the international monetary
system

15. …
⬥The World Bank which promotes economic
development
⬥The United Nations (UN) which maintains
international peace and security, develops
friendly relations among nations, cooperates in
solving international problems and promotes
respect for human rights, and is a center for
harmonizing the actions of nations

16. One other way to approach this: think
about the world before globalization
• Distance mattered—people would cry at the
time of the departure of their dear ones
• Territorial boundaries more or less kept
things in and out
• Society and culture had spatial referents
• Everything had its “place” (literally)

17. In a world of deterritorialization:
• Everything has lost its “place” (literally)
• End of distance
• Groups and cultures increasingly don’t have a
territorial basis e.g.
• A new kind of non-physical “place” is
emerging

18. 1. Is globalization
Westernization? Is it a threat
to non-western societies?
2. Anti-globalization protesters
3. What are the “legitimate”
questions that “anti-
globalization” protestors ask?
How to Judge Globalization? Critically