Vegetable hybrid seed production

1. Seed Production
of Vegetables
Sudipta Basu
Division of Seed Science and Technology
IARI, New Delhi

2. • Three to four times higher productivity per
unit area
• Higher income generation
• Higher employment generation
• Fits in diversification of agriculture
• Foreign exchange earner through export
• High crop intensity
• Helpful in combating malnutrition and hunger
Importance of Vegetables

3. Vegetable Varieties/F1 hybrids released during 2001-2006
Sl.
No.
Crop Varieties/
F1 hybrids
Identified/
released by
Identified
for (region)
Special characteristics
1. Tomato Pusa Rohini Delhi State Variety
Release Committee
Delhi State Fruits with thick pericarp, suitable for long distance
transportation. Av. Yield 415 q/ha, an increase of 20%
over national check (Sel.7).
Pusa Hybrid-8
(F1 hybrid)
AICRP (VC) Zone-IV Fruits with thick skin, suitable for long distance
transportation. Av. Yield 570 q/ha, an increase of 35%
over best national check (ARTH-3).
2. Brinjal Pusa Shyamla AICRP (VC) Zone-IV Fruits long, glossy, dark purple, weighing 80-90 g. Av.
Yield 390 q/ha, an increase of 13% over national check
(KS-331).
3. Cauliflower Pusa Meghna Delhi State Variety
Release Committee
Delhi State Extra early (Sept. maturity), white compact medium
sized curd (350-400 g). Av. Yield 125 q/ha, an increase of
20% over check (Pusa Early Synthetic).
Pusa Sharad Delhi State Variety
Release Committee
Delhi State Mid early (Nov.) compact curd weighing 900 g. Av. Yield
240 q/ha, an increase of 40% over check (Pusa
Synthetic).
Pusa Kartik
Sankar (F1
hybrid)
AICRP (VC) Zone-II, Early maturity (Sep.); curd compact, retentive white,
medium size, weighing about 475 g; resistant to downy
mildew; av. Yield 14.9 t/ha about 40% higher than check
(Pusa Eearly Synthetic)
4. Bottle gourd Pusa Samridhi Delhi State Variety
Release Committee
Delhi State Fruits long without neck. Av. Yield 272 q/ha in spring-
summer and 308 q/ha in kharif, an increase of 19% and
14% respectively over the check Pusa Naveen. Superior
in nutritional qualities.
Pusa Santushti Delhi State Variety
Release Committee
Delhi State Pear-shaped fruits. Av. Yield 260 q/ha in spring-summer
and 290 q/ha in kharif, an increase of 22% and 18% over
best check Pusa Sandesh. Sets fruits under low
temperature (10-12oC) as well as high temp. (35-40oC).

4. Sl.
No.
Crop Varieties/
F1 hybrids
Identified/
released by
Identified
for (region)
Special characteristics
5. Bitter gourd Pusa Hybrid-2
(F1 hybrid)
AICRP (VC) Zone-IV, V &
VI
Av. Yield 180 q/ha, an increase of 40% over
check (Pusa Do Mousami).
6. Ash gourd Pusa Ujwal Delhi State Variety
Release
committee
Delhi State Fruits ellipsoid, ideal for packing and long
distance transportation. Av. Yield 450 q/ha,
an increase of 32% over best local check.
7. Sponge
gourd
Pusa Sneha Delhi State Variety
Release
Committee
Delhi State Fruits dark green. Av. Yield 120 q/ha, an
increase of 17% over best national check
(Pusa Supriya). Suitable for cultivation in
both spring summer and kharif seasons.
8. Cucumber Pusa Uday Delhi State Variety
Release
Committee
Delhi State Av. Yield 155 q/ha, which is 28% higher
over check (Poinsette). Suitable for
cultivation both in spring-summer and
rainy seasons.
9. Snap melon Pusa Shandar Delhi State Variety
Release
Committee
Delhi State Av. Yield 380 q/ha, an increase of 32% over
best local check.
10. Muskmelon DMDR-2 AICRP (VC) Zone-IV,V Resistant to CGMMV and downy mildew
diseases. Average yield 170 q/ha, an
increase of 16% over best commercial
check (Pusa Madhuras).
11. Table radish Pusa Mridula Delhi State Variety
Release
Committee
Delhi State Roots are globular with bright red skin,
mildly pungent; Av. Yield 130 q/ha.
12. Cowpea Pusa Sukomal Delhi State Variety
Release
Committee
Delhi State Resistant to golden yellow mosaic virus
and leaf spot diseases. Av. Yield 60 and 65
q/ha during summer and kharif seasons,
respectively.

5. QUALITY SEED
•GENETI C PURITY
•PHYSICAL PURITY
•SEED GERMINATION AND VIGOUR
•SEED MOISTURE
•SEED HEALTH
•SIZE AND APPEARANCE

6. QUALITY SEED PRODUCTION
• METICULOUS PLANNING
• INPUT INTENSIVE
• IMPECCABLE TIMING
• TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
• STRICT QUALITY CONTROL

7. Seed Production
• Selection of site and field
• Seed Source
•Agronomic practices
•Isolation distance
•Planting ratio
•Synchronisation of parental lines
•Field inspection(rogueing)
•Harvesting and drying
•Seed processing and packaging

8. • MILD AND DRY WEATHER
• TEMPERATURE: 25-30OC
• ABUNDANT SUNSHINE
• R.H.: 60-70%, WIND: 2-4 KM/HR
• COMPACT AREA APPROACH
• FERTILE SOIL
• NO INCIDENCE OF PEST AND DISEASES
SELECTION OF AREA

9. • FIELD SHOULD BE FREE FROM
VOLUNTEER PLANTS
WEED SEEDS
OFFTYPES
DISEASED PLANTS
SOIL BORNE PATHOGENS
• FERTILE SOIL WITH GOOD SOIL TYPE
• SAME CROP SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN GROWN IN
PREVIOUS 2-3 SEASONS
FIELD(SITE) SELECTION

10. Nursery Sowing in Raised seed Beds

11. SEED SOURCE
◼ GENETICALLY AND PHYSICALLY PURE
◼ HIGH GERMINATION AND VIGOUR
◼ AUTHENTIC SEED SOURCE
◼ VERIFIED FROM CERTIFICATION TAGS
ATTACHED TO SEED PACKETS

12. INTER CULTIVATION
• WEEDS HARBOUR PEST AND PATHOGEN
• COMPETE WITH THE MAIN CROP
• MECHANICAL OR CHEMICAL CONTROL
IRRIGATION
• NUMBER AND FREQUENCY DEPENDS ON SEASON,
SOIL TYPE AND CROP
• IRRIGATION AT CRITICAL STAGES
FERTILIZER APPLICATION
• BALANCED NPK WITH MICRONUTRIEN APPLICATION
• BASAL AND TOP DRESSING
INTERCULTIVATION, IRRIGATION AND
FERTILIZER APPLICATION

13. Ash gourd and
Bitter gourd
Cross pollinated
Brinjal Self pollinated
Tomato
Self pollinated
Onion
Cross pollinated
Cauliflower Cross pollinated
Okra Often cross
pollinated
Cucumber and
Luffa
Cross pollinated
Garden pea Self pollinated
Carrot Cross pollinated

14. ISOLATION DISTANCE : Spacial Or Temporal Isolation To Prevent
Contamination
•

15. • RATIO OF FEMALE TO MALE ROWS (4:2, 4:1, 2:1, 6:1)
BLOCK PLANTING
• SYNCHRONISATION:NICKING OF FLOWERING IN
MALE AND FEMALE ROWS
• BRIDGING NONSYNCHRONISATION BY APPLICATION
OF FERTILISER (TOP DRESSING /FOLIAR) AND
GROWTH REGULATORS
PLANTING RATIO AND SYNCHRONISATION

16. • Field standards : During crop growth,
isolation, rouging, row ratio, pollen
shedders, offtypes
• Seed standard : After harvest and during
processing
Physical impurities, offtypes, genetic and
physical purity
SEED CERTIFICATION

17. UNDERTAKEN TO REMOVE
• Offtypes
• Weeds
• Diseased plants
• Volunteer plants
DONE DURING
• Pre flowering
• Flowering
• Post flowering
ROGUEING

18. HARVESTING, THRESHING AND DRYING
• HARVESTING AT PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY STAGE
(maximum dry matter accumulation)
• INDENTIFIED BY VISUAL INDICATORS
Formation of black layer
Moisture content falls below 30%
• MALE LINES FOLLOWED BY FEMALE LINES
• THRESHING : CARE TO PREVENT MECHANICAL INJURY
AND ADMIXTURES
• DRIED IN THRESHING YARDS- PREVENT MECHANICAL
ADMIXTURES
•DRYING : SUN OR ARTIFICIAL DRYING (40-45 OC)

19. Seed Extraction In Brinjal

20. Seed Extraction in tomato

21. SEED PROCESSING, CONDITIONING
AND CLEANING
• CLEANING : REMOVAL OF PHYSICAL IMPURITIES
• GRADING : SEGREGATING ACCORDING TO SIZE AND
DENSITY
• TREATMENT : CHEMICAL COATING
• BAGGING : SEWING/SEALING IN PAPER, POLYETHENE,
CLOTH PACKETS

22. Pusa Sharad
Pusa Megnha
Pusa
Rohini
Pusa Shyamla
Arkel

23. Pusa Kartik Sankar (F1)
Pusa Samridhi
Pusa Santusthi
Pusa Hybrid-8

24. Pusa Hybrid-2 Pusa Ujwal
Table Radish : Pusa Mridula
Cowpea : Pusa
Sukomal
DMDR-2
Pusa Uday
Pusa Sneha

25. DBHL-20
DBSR-52
DBHR-38
DBHSR-66
DBTG-1 DAG-4
DAG-6
Sel-195

26. DT -1
DT - 2
Sel-383
Hybrid - 42

27. DCH-3 (F1)
DRG-2
DC-3
DSG-5
Sel-1
DC-1

28. GP-4
GP-207
IPC-122
IPC-126

29. Hybrid
Progeny of cross between
B
A
F1
X

30. S.N. Crop Hybrid
1 Tomato Pusa Hybrid-2,2,4,DTH-8,Pusa Divya.
2 Brinjal Pusa Hybrid-5,6,9,Pusa Anmol
3 Cucumber Pusa Sanyog,
4 Bittergourd Pusa Hybrid-1,2.
5 Bottlegourd Pusa Meghdoot, Pusa Manjari, Pusa
Hybrid-3.
6 Cabbage Pusa Synthatic
7 Cauliflower Pusa Earley Synthatic, Pusa Synthatic,
Pusa Hybrid-3.
8 Muskmelon Pusa Rasraj
9 Pumpkin Pusa Hybrid-1
10 Summmer
Squash
Pusa Alankar
Some important Vegetable hybrids

31. Hybrid seed production
➢The success of hybrid seed production
is dependent on hybrid seed production
technology.
➢For economic seed production by using
genetic tools viz. Male sterility, Self-
incompatibility, gynoecism.

32. Methods of hybrid seed production
❖Hand emasculation and pollination
❖Utilization of male steriliy.
❖Utilization of Self incompatibility.
❖Picking of male flower and artificial pollination
❖Picking of male flower and insect pollination
❖Utilization of growth substances for the
suppression of male flowers
❖Use of Gynoecious Line

33. Hand Emasculation and
Pollination
Tomato, Brinjal, Cucurbits
Female and Male flower
Male and Female flower

34. Long styled flower Medium styled flower Short styled
flower in Brinjal

35. Ideal bud for emasculation Emasculation in tomato
Hand Emasculation and Pollination

37. Unopened female flower Female flower tied with coarse thread
Male flower tied with coarse thread

38. Deflorated male flower with
dry pollen grain
Pollination by hand
Tagged and tied pollinated female flower

39. Male sterility
Genetic male sterility
Cytoplasmic male sterility
Cytoplasmic-genetic
male sterility
Onion CMS
FERTILE

40. Self incompatibility
Cauliflower
Cabbage
Broccoli
Radish.

41. Identification of male and female flower in cucurbits
MALE FLOWER FEMALE FLOWER

42. Hybrid Seed Production of Cauliflower

43. Picking of male flower and artificial
pollination
➢Used in monoecious plant
➢Female and male lines are planted 4-6:1 ratio
in isolated field.
➢In female line male flower pinched before they
open.
➢Female parent pollinated with the pollen of the
male parent using cotton puffs by manual
labour.

44. Picking of male flower and insect
pollination
➢Male and female lines are planted alternately in
isolated field.
➢In female line male flower pinched before they
open.
➢Female flowers of
the seed parent are
allowed to be
pollinated by honey
bee/insect from the
pollen parent.

45. THANK YOU