1. An Investigation into Seaweed as a potential Building Insulation product c12700655 Jack Lambourne T9 - Final Presentation
Introduction
Seaweed/Seagrass Types, descriptions & Characteristics
Site Visit - Spiddal, Co.Galway - Harvesting Seaweed
Comparing Existing Insulation - Sheep’s Wool, Hemp Wool & RockWool
Primary Testing - Using GaBi to Perform a Life Cycle Assessment on Seaweed Manufacturing
Conclusion & Future Application
Overview
“Sustainability is the capacity to endure; it is how biological systems remain
.
Seaweed is a natural, sustainable material that can be easily obtained from
. I m
mm m . T m -
ods have discovered the various uses of it in several industries such as hu-
man food, seaweed baths, cosmetics, agricultural fertilizers, liquid seaweed
m m . M -
search examines seaweed as a potential building insulation based on existing
m m G m D m . I
- I
m m T I
m . I
.
M I . T
m .
T m mm m
A m. A m mm
m m m I m C M . A -
m mm I -
.
Aim
T m
. I m
m m
m . A 100 -
ural material, it would require virtually no energy to produce, having a positive
. T m
m .
Brief History on Seaweed
Seaweed refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine al-
. T m m m m
. S
m . . T
.
Objectives
I m
appropriate characteristics required to function as a building insulation
.
C I m
termine the characteristics of each seaweed as a possible building insula
.
C m
N m IR .
D
which are to be tested for its thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and
-V .
• Develop a seaweed based building insulation product based on existing
m m .
Motivation
M m m m m m
. I
m G . T -
m m m . I
m m m
it was possible to establish traditional methods to use natural resources given
. A m m m
I
m . F m m m
. T -
m m CH . T m I
gain from him is very useful from an energy & sustainability perspective on my
. T
.
S m . T -
m m
. S -
m m -
. T m m m
. S
.
Methodology
I
m LCA
. I m m -
al has the characteristics necessary to be utilised as an insulation product
m m m . I
m m -
ation until its end through various thermal energy tests and data already
. A BIM M R
m m S H L . T m
used to form the structure piece by piece to fully engage with the use of the
.
M m
S H m W R . T m
m
. I m -
. B m -
R H m
100mm. I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m
m m . T
existing thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eel-
R m
I .
Another section was showing in detail the main testing methods that were
m I -
. S m m
than others but are all crucial in the development of the research under-
. T
m m . O -
er tests include the use of a hot box to calculate thermal conductivity and
-V .
T m
. m
myself personally and the external testing involves several companies aid-
m . T m C
T m V . E -
.
Example of an existing seaweed - Kombu
Example of an existing seaweed - Posidonia Oceanica (Neptune Grass)
Seaweed is used globally in the food industry & for pharmaceuticals
Eelgrass
I S K m m -
nates sandy and muddy sediments in coastal areas of low to moderate wave
. I m S m
2-4 m . I 5-35 . T
m . I
M S H .
T m
L . T
m . I m -
m . A -
cle analysis was carried out on this material to characterize it as an insulation
m .
External View of Seaweed House
Floor Construction 0.09 W m
25 180 mm
2 45 mm
90 mm m
insulation between;
E m
245 mm
12 mm m -
45 195 mm m.
1:20 Section through Wall & Roof
Roof Construction
R 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
tion in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Detail of Wall and floor connectionDetail of wall and floor connection at front elevation
Exploded View of the Wall Build-up
Introduction
T -
m . M
m m M E N I G
m m
.
T W I
. I m m
m mm I .
T m mm I m A m N -
m E W L m D K F V B
W .
T -
. W -
m . T
m 20 m m . T
. I m -
. T
.
T m S
C G m . T m m
.
NUI Galway
Map of Ireland Showing location of Spiddal, Co. Galway
Location map of Spiddal, Co. Galway showing the harvesting site
Risk Assessment Report from the site visit to Spiddal, co. Galway
Photo of Bladder Wrack Egg Wrack growing over rocks
The Martin Ryan Institute building in NUI Galway
NUI Galway campus map showing location of Martin Ryan Institute
Close up of Bladder Wrack Ripe Egg Wrack Demonstration of Seaweed cutting
My harvesting of the seaweed Cutting the egg wrack myself Placing it into a harvesting bag
Seaweed continues to be cut 25000 tons harvested annually Seaweed is pulled as long as 1.5m
View of seaweed beside the lake View of harvested seaweed Close up of the kelp on the beach
Example of a seaweed holdfast Close up of Egg Wrack
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D of Roof & Floor Junction
View of the Constructed Modern Seaweed House, Laeso.
Roof Construction 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
lation in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Wall Construction 0.14W m2
150mm N S
45mm 150mm m
25mm 45mm V L
245mm E S
12mm OSB
25mm H L
25mm V B
3D of Roof Apex
Harvesting Egg Wrack, Kelp and Bladder Wrack
Mixture of Seaweed Types on the beach
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
m m . O I
focused on hemp wool insulation in a structural panel and analyzed its thermal
m .
I m -V 0.44 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m-
mm m . T m
. M m -
.
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is im-
portant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations
-V 100mm
m . T m
.
I S -V 0.35 W m2K. A
surface humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this par-
. A m m-
mm m . O
m .
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
ant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations have
-V 100mm -
m . T m -
R .
I R -V 0.36 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m -
mm m . A m
.
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 25 m3
Fire Resistance Class : B2
Available thickness (mm) : 160 180 220 300
Thermal Conductivity : 0.034 W m2
K
Density : 45 m3
Fire Resistance Class : A1
Available thickness (mm) : 30 40 50 60 5 100
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 35 m3
Fire Resistance Class : E
Available thickness (mm) : 50 5 100
Hemp Wool Panel Rock Wool Panel Sheep’s Wool Panel
Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics
Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side
Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity
Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month
Primary Testing - Preliminary Testing - Bladder Wrack , Egg Wrack & Kelp - Fire & Porosity Tests
BuildDesk Software
B D
B R E -
m C .
- .
I C R A CRA
m m .
• Easy-to-use and graphically oriented for the fast assessment of build
m .
• Extensive database containing generic as well as branded building
m .
I m B D -
. I -
formation regarding key aspects of building physics, such as calculation of
m C R A .
Condensation Risk Analysis
T B D m C R A
BS5250 2002 BS EN ISO 13 88 2002 -
sesses the risk of both surface and interstitial condensation occurring for
. m - -
. I
m m m . C
the design in the U-value calculation automatically update the condensation
m mm .
R mm
m m. T mm m -
m m BS EN 13 88 2001. A
tick and text indicates a passed assessment whilst a red exclamation mark
m m . A m mm
shows the likely position of any condensation in a simple section through the
. M
m .
Overview
M m
S H m W R . T m -
m -
. I m
. B m
R H m 100mm.
I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m -
m m . T -
isting thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eelgrass
R m I
.
Example of Saturation Pressure and Vapour Pressure
A m I
m LCA .
F m G B I m . T
is an important step in the long run of analyzing the potential of seaweed
.
L C A m
• Design for Environment
E -
• Eco-design
A GW C 2 m m
m m . 56 C 2
e was pro-
KG . T m m-
m .
W m -
m 1.84 M . T
m m .
T m . I
1.42 KG . T
m m 250 KG .
W m
2.2 S 2 KG. T m
m .
T m
L I . T m -
tential, photochemical ozone potential, energy consumption and water consump-
. T m m . T m N -
m S I .
T m m
m . B
m . I
. I m -
m m m .
T m C 2 m . T
G B . S m m
m m G B . T
results from this assessment will then be compared directly to existing materials
R W H m W .
Main Results from Life Cycle AssessmentBody of Content generated from GaBi software
The comparison of Global Warming Potential to existing insulation
The comparison of Photochemical Ozone Potential to insulations
The comparison of Energy Consumption to existing insulation
The comparison of Water Consumption to existing insulation
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Inputs
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Outputs
Main gases contributing to GWP in seaweed insulation production
Pie chart of Co2 contributions in the manufacturing process Carbon Dioxide Output Emissions based on 1 tonne of harvested seaweed
Proposed plan and process to manufacture seaweed insulation based on 1 tonne of seaweed production
Plan and process for seaweed insulation based on 1 kilogram of seaweed The comparison of GaBi Results to existing insulation materials
Overview of GaBi plan & process
T G B m L C
A m LCA m S I . S m m
m m m m G B
m m M E LCA -
S . T C G
G D C C
m .
. T m -
. A m
m m - . A S
m m .
EGGWRACKKELPKELP
W 100 m
W W 180 m
Note: T
bladder wrack increased its
80 m .
W 100 m
W W 140 m
Note: T
wrack increased its weight by
40 m .
W 100 m
W W 120 m
Note: T
20 m
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W K -
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W E W
20
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACK
Porosity tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACKEGGWRACK
Results
Bladder Wrack is Prepared Water is added to the sample The weight is recorded
Egg Wrack is Prepared
Kelp sample is Prepared
Kelp & Lighter are used The effects of the lighter The sample is severely weak
Egg Wrack & Lighter are used
BladderWrack & Lighter are used The lighter is used on sample
The sample is weighted
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The weight is recorded
The weight is recorded
The lighter is used on sample
The lighter is used on sample
The effects of the lighter
The effects of the lighter
The sample is severely weak
The sample is severely weak
Results
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
UP UP
REF. REF.
1 2 3
A
B
C
D
13 m²
KITCHEN
H1-02
2 m²
W.C.
H1-03
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H1-01
13 m²
KITCHEN
H2-02
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H2-01
2 m²
W.C.
H2-03
2 m²
CLOSET
H1-10
2 m²
CLOSET
H2-10
5958 5958
364510005020
9665
11915
Comparing the calculated U-Value of all tests
Comparing the Average Thermal Conductivity of all tests
Comparing the Average Delta T of all tests in Celsius °C
Comparing the Average hot chamber temperatures of all tests
Comparing the Average cold chamber temperatures of all tests
Kelp U-Value Calculation
Egg Wrack Calculations Bladder Wrack Calculations Kelp Seaweed Calculations
The Egg Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Bladder Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Kelp seaweed is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full
T m -
. T
m 80mm
m . T m
m . E m
. T
into two sections, a hot chamber (meter chamber) and a cold chamber
m m . B m m
m m . A L m -
m m . A
thermostat will be placed in the meter chamber and set to a suitable tem-
m m 10C
m m . T m
m m m-
. T T m C
m m . T
. T
E W B W K .
Construction of Hot Box & Use
Exploded 3D model of the Constructed Hot Box with the 600 x 600mm Seaweed PanelPlan view of the Hot Box with the Plywood Panel 600mm Plywood Panel
Exploded 3D View of the 600 x 600mm Plywood Seaweed panel
3D of the Hot box Model
Another method of testing the thermal conductivity of the various types of
C m C T m C . I -
m
. T m m
m m . I
m
m . I
C T m m m
m . T
seaweed behaves and will help greatly in understanding its potential as
. M C T m
samples to test under three forces of compression and a generate a ther-
m . C T m m
m . T m -
.
Summary
T C-T m TC T m C A
m m K S N H -
T m A A A MIC. T
technology has since been broadly applied by clients the world-over in
m N m SWCNT
MWCNT m m m m -
m m
m .
W
I S A m m C T m
. I
m . I - C T m
A S C M C .Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Test Results
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests Thermal Conductivity results to existing products (C Therm)
U-Value results to existing products (C Therm)Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Results
As regards future work and application, the next stage would be to test the
thermal conductivity of the seaweed samples in an industry sized panel
. . 6m 3m m m 600 600mm
. A m
- . T
I
.
E 600 600mm T -
m C . T m
m . T
2.4 KG 2.2 KG
1.4 KG.
m m 6m 3m
100mm . F m m
25 000
I . BIM m -
m m .
Overview
3D Cut section through the two-storey house showing seaweed in the walls
3D BIM Model of housePlan of two-storey house with seaweed integrated into the walls 3D Section through typical wall of house
Calculations/Estimations of all seaweed quantities required
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 100mm thick panel of seaweed Estimated seaweed weight of a typical 57m2 Two storey dwelling
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 200mm thick panel of seaweed
Estimated weights of seaweedExtracted BIM Model 3D Views
Bladder wrack U-Value CalculationEgg wrack U-Value Calculation
BIM Model 3D Views
Constructed Hot BoxPlan of Constructed Hot Box
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests
Case Study - Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Overview
I 2013 m I L D -
m . I I
. I C V A
mm R B
D .
T L I
. O m
20 . T m -
m .
H m m -
m . O
were covered in eelgrass on the roof, giving the appearance of a messy hair
.
T m m
. T
a new door to considerable evidence based information and data of it and its
m . T -
. I
used on the roof where it is bundles into sacks or nets which are attached by
.
A façade system was developed by making eight six panels which slot into
. A -
m m
. T m
. T . A m
. T -
.
T m m
. A LCA . T m
8500 C02. A -
m m m
D m m .
Types of Seagrasses Types of Irish Seaweeds
Neptutherm
H N M -
m . T -
m .
T
. T
- mm m . T
m m . T G m m
Neptutherm then took advantage of this and produced a blown in insulation
N . H
.
A huge step in the processing of these balls is removing the sand from its
. T m . I -
G m .
3D of Wall and Floor Junction
Plan of the Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Egg Wrack
I I m
. F m m m
.
I E W A m N m.
T m m I
M B m G . S m N S
C m
. M m I -
. R E N G
will be fascinating to see if a seaweed can perform to the same standard acting
.
Bladder Wrack
F mm m -
N S B -
S A O mm
names black tang, rockweed, bladder fucus, sea oak, black tany, cut weed,
. I
1811
.
T F. 90 m 35 2.5
m 1.0 m m . I -
- . I m
which are usually paired, one on either side of the mid-rib, but may be ab-
.
Primary Testing - Thermal Conductivity Tests Using a Hot Box - Results
Primary Testing - Construction of the Hot Box & the BIM Model
Egg Wrack Bladder Wrack Kelp Overall Results
Average ΔT(°C) - Egg Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Bladder Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Kelp seaweed
Average overall temperature - Egg Wrack Average overall temperature - Bladder Wrack Average overall temperature - Kelp seaweed
PrimaryTestingResults
Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber

2. An Investigation into Seaweed as a potential Building Insulation product c12700655 Jack Lambourne T9 - Final Presentation
Introduction
Seaweed/Seagrass Types, descriptions & Characteristics
Site Visit - Spiddal, Co.Galway - Harvesting Seaweed
Comparing Existing Insulation - Sheep’s Wool, Hemp Wool & RockWool
Primary Testing - Using GaBi to Perform a Life Cycle Assessment on Seaweed Manufacturing
Conclusion & Future Application
Overview
“Sustainability is the capacity to endure; it is how biological systems remain
.
Seaweed is a natural, sustainable material that can be easily obtained from
. I m
mm m . T m -
ods have discovered the various uses of it in several industries such as hu-
man food, seaweed baths, cosmetics, agricultural fertilizers, liquid seaweed
m m . M -
search examines seaweed as a potential building insulation based on existing
m m G m D m . I
- I
m m T I
m . I
.
M I . T
m .
T m mm m
A m. A m mm
m m m I m C M . A -
m mm I -
.
Aim
T m
. I m
m m
m . A 100 -
ural material, it would require virtually no energy to produce, having a positive
. T m
m .
Brief History on Seaweed
Seaweed refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine al-
. T m m m m
. S
m . . T
.
Objectives
I m
appropriate characteristics required to function as a building insulation
.
C I m
termine the characteristics of each seaweed as a possible building insula
.
C m
N m IR .
D
which are to be tested for its thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and
-V .
• Develop a seaweed based building insulation product based on existing
m m .
Motivation
M m m m m m
. I
m G . T -
m m m . I
m m m
it was possible to establish traditional methods to use natural resources given
. A m m m
I
m . F m m m
. T -
m m CH . T m I
gain from him is very useful from an energy & sustainability perspective on my
. T
.
S m . T -
m m
. S -
m m -
. T m m m
. S
.
Methodology
I
m LCA
. I m m -
al has the characteristics necessary to be utilised as an insulation product
m m m . I
m m -
ation until its end through various thermal energy tests and data already
. A BIM M R
m m S H L . T m
used to form the structure piece by piece to fully engage with the use of the
.
M m
S H m W R . T m
m
. I m -
. B m -
R H m
100mm. I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m
m m . T
existing thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eel-
R m
I .
Another section was showing in detail the main testing methods that were
m I -
. S m m
than others but are all crucial in the development of the research under-
. T
m m . O -
er tests include the use of a hot box to calculate thermal conductivity and
-V .
T m
. m
myself personally and the external testing involves several companies aid-
m . T m C
T m V . E -
.
Example of an existing seaweed - Kombu
Example of an existing seaweed - Posidonia Oceanica (Neptune Grass)
Seaweed is used globally in the food industry & for pharmaceuticals
Eelgrass
I S K m m -
nates sandy and muddy sediments in coastal areas of low to moderate wave
. I m S m
2-4 m . I 5-35 . T
m . I
M S H .
T m
L . T
m . I m -
m . A -
cle analysis was carried out on this material to characterize it as an insulation
m .
External View of Seaweed House
Floor Construction 0.09 W m
25 180 mm
2 45 mm
90 mm m
insulation between;
E m
245 mm
12 mm m -
45 195 mm m.
1:20 Section through Wall & Roof
Roof Construction
R 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
tion in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Detail of Wall and floor connectionDetail of wall and floor connection at front elevation
Exploded View of the Wall Build-up
Introduction
T -
m . M
m m M E N I G
m m
.
T W I
. I m m
m mm I .
T m mm I m A m N -
m E W L m D K F V B
W .
T -
. W -
m . T
m 20 m m . T
. I m -
. T
.
T m S
C G m . T m m
.
NUI Galway
Map of Ireland Showing location of Spiddal, Co. Galway
Location map of Spiddal, Co. Galway showing the harvesting site
Risk Assessment Report from the site visit to Spiddal, co. Galway
Photo of Bladder Wrack Egg Wrack growing over rocks
The Martin Ryan Institute building in NUI Galway
NUI Galway campus map showing location of Martin Ryan Institute
Close up of Bladder Wrack Ripe Egg Wrack Demonstration of Seaweed cutting
My harvesting of the seaweed Cutting the egg wrack myself Placing it into a harvesting bag
Seaweed continues to be cut 25000 tons harvested annually Seaweed is pulled as long as 1.5m
View of seaweed beside the lake View of harvested seaweed Close up of the kelp on the beach
Example of a seaweed holdfast Close up of Egg Wrack
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D of Roof & Floor Junction
View of the Constructed Modern Seaweed House, Laeso.
Roof Construction 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
lation in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Wall Construction 0.14W m2
150mm N S
45mm 150mm m
25mm 45mm V L
245mm E S
12mm OSB
25mm H L
25mm V B
3D of Roof Apex
Harvesting Egg Wrack, Kelp and Bladder Wrack
Mixture of Seaweed Types on the beach
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
m m . O I
focused on hemp wool insulation in a structural panel and analyzed its thermal
m .
I m -V 0.44 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m-
mm m . T m
. M m -
.
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is im-
portant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations
-V 100mm
m . T m
.
I S -V 0.35 W m2K. A
surface humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this par-
. A m m-
mm m . O
m .
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
ant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations have
-V 100mm -
m . T m -
R .
I R -V 0.36 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m -
mm m . A m
.
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 25 m3
Fire Resistance Class : B2
Available thickness (mm) : 160 180 220 300
Thermal Conductivity : 0.034 W m2
K
Density : 45 m3
Fire Resistance Class : A1
Available thickness (mm) : 30 40 50 60 5 100
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 35 m3
Fire Resistance Class : E
Available thickness (mm) : 50 5 100
Hemp Wool Panel Rock Wool Panel Sheep’s Wool Panel
Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics
Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side
Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity
Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month
Primary Testing - Preliminary Testing - Bladder Wrack , Egg Wrack & Kelp - Fire & Porosity Tests
BuildDesk Software
B D
B R E -
m C .
- .
I C R A CRA
m m .
• Easy-to-use and graphically oriented for the fast assessment of build
m .
• Extensive database containing generic as well as branded building
m .
I m B D -
. I -
formation regarding key aspects of building physics, such as calculation of
m C R A .
Condensation Risk Analysis
T B D m C R A
BS5250 2002 BS EN ISO 13 88 2002 -
sesses the risk of both surface and interstitial condensation occurring for
. m - -
. I
m m m . C
the design in the U-value calculation automatically update the condensation
m mm .
R mm
m m. T mm m -
m m BS EN 13 88 2001. A
tick and text indicates a passed assessment whilst a red exclamation mark
m m . A m mm
shows the likely position of any condensation in a simple section through the
. M
m .
Overview
M m
S H m W R . T m -
m -
. I m
. B m
R H m 100mm.
I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m -
m m . T -
isting thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eelgrass
R m I
.
Example of Saturation Pressure and Vapour Pressure
A m I
m LCA .
F m G B I m . T
is an important step in the long run of analyzing the potential of seaweed
.
L C A m
• Design for Environment
E -
• Eco-design
A GW C 2 m m
m m . 56 C 2
e was pro-
KG . T m m-
m .
W m -
m 1.84 M . T
m m .
T m . I
1.42 KG . T
m m 250 KG .
W m
2.2 S 2 KG. T m
m .
T m
L I . T m -
tential, photochemical ozone potential, energy consumption and water consump-
. T m m . T m N -
m S I .
T m m
m . B
m . I
. I m -
m m m .
T m C 2 m . T
G B . S m m
m m G B . T
results from this assessment will then be compared directly to existing materials
R W H m W .
Main Results from Life Cycle AssessmentBody of Content generated from GaBi software
The comparison of Global Warming Potential to existing insulation
The comparison of Photochemical Ozone Potential to insulations
The comparison of Energy Consumption to existing insulation
The comparison of Water Consumption to existing insulation
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Inputs
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Outputs
Main gases contributing to GWP in seaweed insulation production
Pie chart of Co2 contributions in the manufacturing process Carbon Dioxide Output Emissions based on 1 tonne of harvested seaweed
Proposed plan and process to manufacture seaweed insulation based on 1 tonne of seaweed production
Plan and process for seaweed insulation based on 1 kilogram of seaweed The comparison of GaBi Results to existing insulation materials
Overview of GaBi plan & process
T G B m L C
A m LCA m S I . S m m
m m m m G B
m m M E LCA -
S . T C G
G D C C
m .
. T m -
. A m
m m - . A S
m m .
EGGWRACKKELPKELP
W 100 m
W W 180 m
Note: T
bladder wrack increased its
80 m .
W 100 m
W W 140 m
Note: T
wrack increased its weight by
40 m .
W 100 m
W W 120 m
Note: T
20 m
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W K -
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W E W
20
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACK
Porosity tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACKEGGWRACK
Results
Bladder Wrack is Prepared Water is added to the sample The weight is recorded
Egg Wrack is Prepared
Kelp sample is Prepared
Kelp & Lighter are used The effects of the lighter The sample is severely weak
Egg Wrack & Lighter are used
BladderWrack & Lighter are used The lighter is used on sample
The sample is weighted
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The weight is recorded
The weight is recorded
The lighter is used on sample
The lighter is used on sample
The effects of the lighter
The effects of the lighter
The sample is severely weak
The sample is severely weak
Results
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
UP UP
REF. REF.
1 2 3
A
B
C
D
13 m²
KITCHEN
H1-02
2 m²
W.C.
H1-03
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H1-01
13 m²
KITCHEN
H2-02
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H2-01
2 m²
W.C.
H2-03
2 m²
CLOSET
H1-10
2 m²
CLOSET
H2-10
5958 5958
364510005020
9665
11915
Comparing the calculated U-Value of all tests
Comparing the Average Thermal Conductivity of all tests
Comparing the Average Delta T of all tests in Celsius °C
Comparing the Average hot chamber temperatures of all tests
Comparing the Average cold chamber temperatures of all tests
Kelp U-Value Calculation
Egg Wrack Calculations Bladder Wrack Calculations Kelp Seaweed Calculations
The Egg Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Bladder Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Kelp seaweed is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full
T m -
. T
m 80mm
m . T m
m . E m
. T
into two sections, a hot chamber (meter chamber) and a cold chamber
m m . B m m
m m . A L m -
m m . A
thermostat will be placed in the meter chamber and set to a suitable tem-
m m 10C
m m . T m
m m m-
. T T m C
m m . T
. T
E W B W K .
Construction of Hot Box & Use
Exploded 3D model of the Constructed Hot Box with the 600 x 600mm Seaweed PanelPlan view of the Hot Box with the Plywood Panel 600mm Plywood Panel
Exploded 3D View of the 600 x 600mm Plywood Seaweed panel
3D of the Hot box Model
Another method of testing the thermal conductivity of the various types of
C m C T m C . I -
m
. T m m
m m . I
m
m . I
C T m m m
m . T
seaweed behaves and will help greatly in understanding its potential as
. M C T m
samples to test under three forces of compression and a generate a ther-
m . C T m m
m . T m -
.
Summary
T C-T m TC T m C A
m m K S N H -
T m A A A MIC. T
technology has since been broadly applied by clients the world-over in
m N m SWCNT
MWCNT m m m m -
m m
m .
W
I S A m m C T m
. I
m . I - C T m
A S C M C .Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Test Results
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests Thermal Conductivity results to existing products (C Therm)
U-Value results to existing products (C Therm)Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Results
As regards future work and application, the next stage would be to test the
thermal conductivity of the seaweed samples in an industry sized panel
. . 6m 3m m m 600 600mm
. A m
- . T
I
.
E 600 600mm T -
m C . T m
m . T
2.4 KG 2.2 KG
1.4 KG.
m m 6m 3m
100mm . F m m
25 000
I . BIM m -
m m .
Overview
3D Cut section through the two-storey house showing seaweed in the walls
3D BIM Model of housePlan of two-storey house with seaweed integrated into the walls 3D Section through typical wall of house
Calculations/Estimations of all seaweed quantities required
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 100mm thick panel of seaweed Estimated seaweed weight of a typical 57m2 Two storey dwelling
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 200mm thick panel of seaweed
Estimated weights of seaweedExtracted BIM Model 3D Views
Bladder wrack U-Value CalculationEgg wrack U-Value Calculation
BIM Model 3D Views
Constructed Hot BoxPlan of Constructed Hot Box
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests
Case Study - Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Overview
I 2013 m I L D -
m . I I
. I C V A
mm R B
D .
T L I
. O m
20 . T m -
m .
H m m -
m . O
were covered in eelgrass on the roof, giving the appearance of a messy hair
.
T m m
. T
a new door to considerable evidence based information and data of it and its
m . T -
. I
used on the roof where it is bundles into sacks or nets which are attached by
.
A façade system was developed by making eight six panels which slot into
. A -
m m
. T m
. T . A m
. T -
.
T m m
. A LCA . T m
8500 C02. A -
m m m
D m m .
Types of Seagrasses Types of Irish Seaweeds
Neptutherm
H N M -
m . T -
m .
T
. T
- mm m . T
m m . T G m m
Neptutherm then took advantage of this and produced a blown in insulation
N . H
.
A huge step in the processing of these balls is removing the sand from its
. T m . I -
G m .
3D of Wall and Floor Junction
Plan of the Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Egg Wrack
I I m
. F m m m
.
I E W A m N m.
T m m I
M B m G . S m N S
C m
. M m I -
. R E N G
will be fascinating to see if a seaweed can perform to the same standard acting
.
Bladder Wrack
F mm m -
N S B -
S A O mm
names black tang, rockweed, bladder fucus, sea oak, black tany, cut weed,
. I
1811
.
T F. 90 m 35 2.5
m 1.0 m m . I -
- . I m
which are usually paired, one on either side of the mid-rib, but may be ab-
.
Primary Testing - Thermal Conductivity Tests Using a Hot Box - Results
Primary Testing - Construction of the Hot Box & the BIM Model
Egg Wrack Bladder Wrack Kelp Overall Results
Average ΔT(°C) - Egg Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Bladder Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Kelp seaweed
Average overall temperature - Egg Wrack Average overall temperature - Bladder Wrack Average overall temperature - Kelp seaweed
PrimaryTestingResults
Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber

3. An Investigation into Seaweed as a potential Building Insulation product c12700655 Jack Lambourne T9 - Final Presentation
Introduction
Seaweed/Seagrass Types, descriptions & Characteristics
Site Visit - Spiddal, Co.Galway - Harvesting Seaweed
Comparing Existing Insulation - Sheep’s Wool, Hemp Wool & RockWool
Primary Testing - Using GaBi to Perform a Life Cycle Assessment on Seaweed Manufacturing
Conclusion & Future Application
Overview
“Sustainability is the capacity to endure; it is how biological systems remain
.
Seaweed is a natural, sustainable material that can be easily obtained from
. I m
mm m . T m -
ods have discovered the various uses of it in several industries such as hu-
man food, seaweed baths, cosmetics, agricultural fertilizers, liquid seaweed
m m . M -
search examines seaweed as a potential building insulation based on existing
m m G m D m . I
- I
m m T I
m . I
.
M I . T
m .
T m mm m
A m. A m mm
m m m I m C M . A -
m mm I -
.
Aim
T m
. I m
m m
m . A 100 -
ural material, it would require virtually no energy to produce, having a positive
. T m
m .
Brief History on Seaweed
Seaweed refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine al-
. T m m m m
. S
m . . T
.
Objectives
I m
appropriate characteristics required to function as a building insulation
.
C I m
termine the characteristics of each seaweed as a possible building insula
.
C m
N m IR .
D
which are to be tested for its thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and
-V .
• Develop a seaweed based building insulation product based on existing
m m .
Motivation
M m m m m m
. I
m G . T -
m m m . I
m m m
it was possible to establish traditional methods to use natural resources given
. A m m m
I
m . F m m m
. T -
m m CH . T m I
gain from him is very useful from an energy & sustainability perspective on my
. T
.
S m . T -
m m
. S -
m m -
. T m m m
. S
.
Methodology
I
m LCA
. I m m -
al has the characteristics necessary to be utilised as an insulation product
m m m . I
m m -
ation until its end through various thermal energy tests and data already
. A BIM M R
m m S H L . T m
used to form the structure piece by piece to fully engage with the use of the
.
M m
S H m W R . T m
m
. I m -
. B m -
R H m
100mm. I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m
m m . T
existing thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eel-
R m
I .
Another section was showing in detail the main testing methods that were
m I -
. S m m
than others but are all crucial in the development of the research under-
. T
m m . O -
er tests include the use of a hot box to calculate thermal conductivity and
-V .
T m
. m
myself personally and the external testing involves several companies aid-
m . T m C
T m V . E -
.
Example of an existing seaweed - Kombu
Example of an existing seaweed - Posidonia Oceanica (Neptune Grass)
Seaweed is used globally in the food industry & for pharmaceuticals
Eelgrass
I S K m m -
nates sandy and muddy sediments in coastal areas of low to moderate wave
. I m S m
2-4 m . I 5-35 . T
m . I
M S H .
T m
L . T
m . I m -
m . A -
cle analysis was carried out on this material to characterize it as an insulation
m .
External View of Seaweed House
Floor Construction 0.09 W m
25 180 mm
2 45 mm
90 mm m
insulation between;
E m
245 mm
12 mm m -
45 195 mm m.
1:20 Section through Wall & Roof
Roof Construction
R 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
tion in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Detail of Wall and floor connectionDetail of wall and floor connection at front elevation
Exploded View of the Wall Build-up
Introduction
T -
m . M
m m M E N I G
m m
.
T W I
. I m m
m mm I .
T m mm I m A m N -
m E W L m D K F V B
W .
T -
. W -
m . T
m 20 m m . T
. I m -
. T
.
T m S
C G m . T m m
.
NUI Galway
Map of Ireland Showing location of Spiddal, Co. Galway
Location map of Spiddal, Co. Galway showing the harvesting site
Risk Assessment Report from the site visit to Spiddal, co. Galway
Photo of Bladder Wrack Egg Wrack growing over rocks
The Martin Ryan Institute building in NUI Galway
NUI Galway campus map showing location of Martin Ryan Institute
Close up of Bladder Wrack Ripe Egg Wrack Demonstration of Seaweed cutting
My harvesting of the seaweed Cutting the egg wrack myself Placing it into a harvesting bag
Seaweed continues to be cut 25000 tons harvested annually Seaweed is pulled as long as 1.5m
View of seaweed beside the lake View of harvested seaweed Close up of the kelp on the beach
Example of a seaweed holdfast Close up of Egg Wrack
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D of Roof & Floor Junction
View of the Constructed Modern Seaweed House, Laeso.
Roof Construction 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
lation in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Wall Construction 0.14W m2
150mm N S
45mm 150mm m
25mm 45mm V L
245mm E S
12mm OSB
25mm H L
25mm V B
3D of Roof Apex
Harvesting Egg Wrack, Kelp and Bladder Wrack
Mixture of Seaweed Types on the beach
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
m m . O I
focused on hemp wool insulation in a structural panel and analyzed its thermal
m .
I m -V 0.44 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m-
mm m . T m
. M m -
.
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is im-
portant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations
-V 100mm
m . T m
.
I S -V 0.35 W m2K. A
surface humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this par-
. A m m-
mm m . O
m .
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
ant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations have
-V 100mm -
m . T m -
R .
I R -V 0.36 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m -
mm m . A m
.
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 25 m3
Fire Resistance Class : B2
Available thickness (mm) : 160 180 220 300
Thermal Conductivity : 0.034 W m2
K
Density : 45 m3
Fire Resistance Class : A1
Available thickness (mm) : 30 40 50 60 5 100
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 35 m3
Fire Resistance Class : E
Available thickness (mm) : 50 5 100
Hemp Wool Panel Rock Wool Panel Sheep’s Wool Panel
Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics
Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side
Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity
Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month
Primary Testing - Preliminary Testing - Bladder Wrack , Egg Wrack & Kelp - Fire & Porosity Tests
BuildDesk Software
B D
B R E -
m C .
- .
I C R A CRA
m m .
• Easy-to-use and graphically oriented for the fast assessment of build
m .
• Extensive database containing generic as well as branded building
m .
I m B D -
. I -
formation regarding key aspects of building physics, such as calculation of
m C R A .
Condensation Risk Analysis
T B D m C R A
BS5250 2002 BS EN ISO 13 88 2002 -
sesses the risk of both surface and interstitial condensation occurring for
. m - -
. I
m m m . C
the design in the U-value calculation automatically update the condensation
m mm .
R mm
m m. T mm m -
m m BS EN 13 88 2001. A
tick and text indicates a passed assessment whilst a red exclamation mark
m m . A m mm
shows the likely position of any condensation in a simple section through the
. M
m .
Overview
M m
S H m W R . T m -
m -
. I m
. B m
R H m 100mm.
I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m -
m m . T -
isting thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eelgrass
R m I
.
Example of Saturation Pressure and Vapour Pressure
A m I
m LCA .
F m G B I m . T
is an important step in the long run of analyzing the potential of seaweed
.
L C A m
• Design for Environment
E -
• Eco-design
A GW C 2 m m
m m . 56 C 2
e was pro-
KG . T m m-
m .
W m -
m 1.84 M . T
m m .
T m . I
1.42 KG . T
m m 250 KG .
W m
2.2 S 2 KG. T m
m .
T m
L I . T m -
tential, photochemical ozone potential, energy consumption and water consump-
. T m m . T m N -
m S I .
T m m
m . B
m . I
. I m -
m m m .
T m C 2 m . T
G B . S m m
m m G B . T
results from this assessment will then be compared directly to existing materials
R W H m W .
Main Results from Life Cycle AssessmentBody of Content generated from GaBi software
The comparison of Global Warming Potential to existing insulation
The comparison of Photochemical Ozone Potential to insulations
The comparison of Energy Consumption to existing insulation
The comparison of Water Consumption to existing insulation
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Inputs
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Outputs
Main gases contributing to GWP in seaweed insulation production
Pie chart of Co2 contributions in the manufacturing process Carbon Dioxide Output Emissions based on 1 tonne of harvested seaweed
Proposed plan and process to manufacture seaweed insulation based on 1 tonne of seaweed production
Plan and process for seaweed insulation based on 1 kilogram of seaweed The comparison of GaBi Results to existing insulation materials
Overview of GaBi plan & process
T G B m L C
A m LCA m S I . S m m
m m m m G B
m m M E LCA -
S . T C G
G D C C
m .
. T m -
. A m
m m - . A S
m m .
EGGWRACKKELPKELP
W 100 m
W W 180 m
Note: T
bladder wrack increased its
80 m .
W 100 m
W W 140 m
Note: T
wrack increased its weight by
40 m .
W 100 m
W W 120 m
Note: T
20 m
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W K -
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W E W
20
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACK
Porosity tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACKEGGWRACK
Results
Bladder Wrack is Prepared Water is added to the sample The weight is recorded
Egg Wrack is Prepared
Kelp sample is Prepared
Kelp & Lighter are used The effects of the lighter The sample is severely weak
Egg Wrack & Lighter are used
BladderWrack & Lighter are used The lighter is used on sample
The sample is weighted
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The weight is recorded
The weight is recorded
The lighter is used on sample
The lighter is used on sample
The effects of the lighter
The effects of the lighter
The sample is severely weak
The sample is severely weak
Results
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
UP UP
REF. REF.
1 2 3
A
B
C
D
13 m²
KITCHEN
H1-02
2 m²
W.C.
H1-03
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H1-01
13 m²
KITCHEN
H2-02
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H2-01
2 m²
W.C.
H2-03
2 m²
CLOSET
H1-10
2 m²
CLOSET
H2-10
5958 5958
364510005020
9665
11915
Comparing the calculated U-Value of all tests
Comparing the Average Thermal Conductivity of all tests
Comparing the Average Delta T of all tests in Celsius °C
Comparing the Average hot chamber temperatures of all tests
Comparing the Average cold chamber temperatures of all tests
Kelp U-Value Calculation
Egg Wrack Calculations Bladder Wrack Calculations Kelp Seaweed Calculations
The Egg Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Bladder Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Kelp seaweed is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full
T m -
. T
m 80mm
m . T m
m . E m
. T
into two sections, a hot chamber (meter chamber) and a cold chamber
m m . B m m
m m . A L m -
m m . A
thermostat will be placed in the meter chamber and set to a suitable tem-
m m 10C
m m . T m
m m m-
. T T m C
m m . T
. T
E W B W K .
Construction of Hot Box & Use
Exploded 3D model of the Constructed Hot Box with the 600 x 600mm Seaweed PanelPlan view of the Hot Box with the Plywood Panel 600mm Plywood Panel
Exploded 3D View of the 600 x 600mm Plywood Seaweed panel
3D of the Hot box Model
Another method of testing the thermal conductivity of the various types of
C m C T m C . I -
m
. T m m
m m . I
m
m . I
C T m m m
m . T
seaweed behaves and will help greatly in understanding its potential as
. M C T m
samples to test under three forces of compression and a generate a ther-
m . C T m m
m . T m -
.
Summary
T C-T m TC T m C A
m m K S N H -
T m A A A MIC. T
technology has since been broadly applied by clients the world-over in
m N m SWCNT
MWCNT m m m m -
m m
m .
W
I S A m m C T m
. I
m . I - C T m
A S C M C .Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Test Results
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests Thermal Conductivity results to existing products (C Therm)
U-Value results to existing products (C Therm)Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Results
As regards future work and application, the next stage would be to test the
thermal conductivity of the seaweed samples in an industry sized panel
. . 6m 3m m m 600 600mm
. A m
- . T
I
.
E 600 600mm T -
m C . T m
m . T
2.4 KG 2.2 KG
1.4 KG.
m m 6m 3m
100mm . F m m
25 000
I . BIM m -
m m .
Overview
3D Cut section through the two-storey house showing seaweed in the walls
3D BIM Model of housePlan of two-storey house with seaweed integrated into the walls 3D Section through typical wall of house
Calculations/Estimations of all seaweed quantities required
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 100mm thick panel of seaweed Estimated seaweed weight of a typical 57m2 Two storey dwelling
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 200mm thick panel of seaweed
Estimated weights of seaweedExtracted BIM Model 3D Views
Bladder wrack U-Value CalculationEgg wrack U-Value Calculation
BIM Model 3D Views
Constructed Hot BoxPlan of Constructed Hot Box
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests
Case Study - Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Overview
I 2013 m I L D -
m . I I
. I C V A
mm R B
D .
T L I
. O m
20 . T m -
m .
H m m -
m . O
were covered in eelgrass on the roof, giving the appearance of a messy hair
.
T m m
. T
a new door to considerable evidence based information and data of it and its
m . T -
. I
used on the roof where it is bundles into sacks or nets which are attached by
.
A façade system was developed by making eight six panels which slot into
. A -
m m
. T m
. T . A m
. T -
.
T m m
. A LCA . T m
8500 C02. A -
m m m
D m m .
Types of Seagrasses Types of Irish Seaweeds
Neptutherm
H N M -
m . T -
m .
T
. T
- mm m . T
m m . T G m m
Neptutherm then took advantage of this and produced a blown in insulation
N . H
.
A huge step in the processing of these balls is removing the sand from its
. T m . I -
G m .
3D of Wall and Floor Junction
Plan of the Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Egg Wrack
I I m
. F m m m
.
I E W A m N m.
T m m I
M B m G . S m N S
C m
. M m I -
. R E N G
will be fascinating to see if a seaweed can perform to the same standard acting
.
Bladder Wrack
F mm m -
N S B -
S A O mm
names black tang, rockweed, bladder fucus, sea oak, black tany, cut weed,
. I
1811
.
T F. 90 m 35 2.5
m 1.0 m m . I -
- . I m
which are usually paired, one on either side of the mid-rib, but may be ab-
.
Primary Testing - Thermal Conductivity Tests Using a Hot Box - Results
Primary Testing - Construction of the Hot Box & the BIM Model
Egg Wrack Bladder Wrack Kelp Overall Results
Average ΔT(°C) - Egg Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Bladder Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Kelp seaweed
Average overall temperature - Egg Wrack Average overall temperature - Bladder Wrack Average overall temperature - Kelp seaweed
PrimaryTestingResults
Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber